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Commanding General of the United States Army
	; ; Last in office; LTG Nelson A. Miles; 5 October 1895—8 August 1903
	; United States Army; United States Department of War;
Status	Senior-most officer;
Reports to	United States Secretary of War
Seat	; Several HQs (Washington);
Appointer	The President; with Congress advice and consent;
Term length	No fixed term
Constituting instrument	An Act of the Second Continental Congress;
Formation	15 June 1775; June 1821
First holder	; GEN George Washington; as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army; MG Jacob Brown; as Commanding General of the United States Army;
Final holder	; LTG Nelson A. Miles;
Abolished	8 August 1903
Succession	Chief of Staff of the Army

Prior to the institution of the Chief of Staff of the Army in 1903, there was generally recognized to be a single senior-most officer in the United States Army (and its predecessor the Continental Army), even though there was not a statutory office as such. During the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the title was Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. In 1783, the title was simplified to Senior Officer of the United States Army. In 1821, the title was changed to Commanding General of the United States Army. The office was often referred to by various other titles, such as "Major General Commanding the Army" or "General-in-Chief."

From 1789 until its abolition in 1903, the position of Commanding General was legally subordinate to the Secretary of War, although this was at times contested.^[a]

The position was abolished with the creation of the statutory Chief of Staff of the Army in 1903.

Office holders

† denotes people who died in office.

Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army

№		Commander-in-Chief	Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Washington, GeorgeGeneral^[b] George Washington (1732–1799) ^[c]	15 June 1775	23 December 1783	7003311300000000000♠8 years, 191 days

Senior Officer of the United States Army

№	Senior Officer	Took office	Left office	Time in office
1	Knox, HenryMajor general Henry Knox (1750–1806) ^[d]	23 December 1783	20 June 1784	7002180000000000000♠180 days
2	Doughty, JohnBrevet Major John Doughty (1754–1826) ^[e]	20 June 1784	12 August 1784	7001530000000000000♠53 days
3	Harmar, JosiahBrevet Brigadier general Josiah Harmar (1753–1813) ^[f]	12 August 1784	4 March 1791	7003239500000000000♠6 years, 204 days
4	St. Clair, ArthurMajor general Arthur St. Clair (1736–1818) ^[g]	4 March 1791	5 March 1792	7002367000000000000♠1 year, 1 day
5	Wayne, AnthonyMajor general Anthony Wayne (1745–1796)	13 April 1792	15 December 1796 †	7003170700000000000♠4 years, 246 days
6	Wilkinson, JamesBrigadier general James Wilkinson (1757–1825)	15 December 1796	13 July 1798	7002575000000000000♠1 year, 210 days
7	Washington, GeorgeLieutenant general George Washington (1732–1799) ^[h]	13 July 1798	14 December 1799 †	7002519000000000000♠1 year, 154 days
8	Hamilton, AlexanderMajor general Alexander Hamilton (1755/1757–1804) ^[i]	14 December 1799	15 June 1800	7002183000000000000♠183 days
(6)	Wilkinson, JamesBrigadier general^[j] James Wilkinson (1757–1825)	15 June 1800	27 January 1812	7003424300000000000♠11 years, 226 days
9	Dearborn, HenryMajor general Henry Dearborn (1751–1829) ^[k]	27 January 1812	15 June 1815	7003123500000000000♠3 years, 139 days
10	Brown, JacobMajor general Jacob Brown (1775–1828) ^[l]	15 June 1815	June 1821	7003217800000000000♠5 years, 351 days

Commanding General of the United States Army

№	Commanding General	Took office	Left office	Time in office
1	Brown, JacobMajor general Jacob Brown (1775–1828)	June 1821	24 February 1828 †	7003245900000000000♠6 years, 268 days
2	Macomb, AlexanderMajor general Alexander Macomb (1782–1841)	29 May 1828	25 June 1841 †	7003477500000000000♠13 years, 27 days
3	Scott, WinfieldBrevet Lieutenant general Winfield Scott (1786–1866) ^[m]	5 July 1841	1 November 1861	7003742400000000000♠20 years, 119 days
4	McClellan, George B.Major general George B. McClellan (1826–1885) ^[n]	1 November 1861	11 March 1862	7002130000000000000♠130 days
Position vacant (11 March 1862 – 23 July 1862)^[o]
5	Halleck, HenryMajor general Henry Halleck (1815–1872) ^[p]	23 July 1862	9 March 1864	7002595000000000000♠1 year, 230 days
6	Grant, Ulysses S.General of the Army Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885) ^[q]	9 March 1864	4 March 1869	7003182100000000000♠4 years, 360 days
7	Sherman, William TecumsehGeneral of the Army William Tecumseh Sherman (1820–1891) ^[r]	8 March 1869	1 November 1883	7003535100000000000♠14 years, 238 days
8	Sheridan, PhilipGeneral of the Army Philip Sheridan (1831–1888)	1 November 1883	5 August 1888 †	7003173900000000000♠4 years, 278 days
9	Schofield, JohnLieutenant general John Schofield (1831–1906) ^[s]	14 August 1888	29 September 1895	7003260200000000000♠7 years, 46 days
10	Miles, Nelson A.Lieutenant general Nelson A. Miles (1839–1925) ^[s]	5 October 1895	8 August 1903	7003286300000000000♠7 years, 307 days

Notes

^ King

^ Promoted posthumously to General of the Armies in 1976, by an Act of Congress (Public Law 94-479) as part of the United States Bicentennial.

^ Appointed by the Second Continental Congress, after being nominated by Samuel Adams and John Adams. Resigned to the Congress of the Confederation, at the end of the American Revolutionary War.

^ Resigned to begin career farming and developing land in Maine; appointed Secretary of War under Articles of Confederation in 1785.

^ Served when all of the Army but 80 men were discharged.

^ Removed by President George Washington in the aftermath of the Harmar Campaign.

^ Simultaneously served as Governor of the Northwest Territory (1787–1802). Resigned as Senior Officer at the request of President George Washington, in the aftermath of the St. Clair's Defeat.

^ Appointed during the Quasi-War against the French Republic. Did not actively command the Army during this period but was prepared to lead the Army if the need arose.

^ Previously served as Secretary of the Treasury (1789–1795). Served as Inspector General of the Army with rank of major general from July 19, 1798. Became Senior Officer in the Army after the death of Washington.

^ Promoted to major general during the War of 1812 and retired on June 15, 1815.

^ Previously served as Secretary of War (1801–1809). Last American Revolutionary War veteran to serve as Senior Officer.

^ Appointed Commanding General of the Army.

^ Personally commanded the Army in the Battle for Mexico City in 1847, during the Mexican–American War. Upon his retirement, at the commencement of the American Civil War, he was the oldest serving Commanding General of the U.S. Army in history at age 75.

^ Simultaneously served as Commander of the Army of the Potomac. Removed by President Abraham Lincoln in order to focus on the Peninsula Campaign.

^ Eicher, Civil War High Commands. The gap from March 11, 1862 to July 23, 1862 was filled with direct control of the army by President Abraham Lincoln and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, with the help of an unofficial "War Board" that was established on March 17, 1862. The board consisted of Ethan A. Hitchcock, the chairman, with Department of War bureau chiefs Lorenzo Thomas, Montgomery C. Meigs, Joseph G. Totten, James W. Ripley, and Joseph P. Taylor.

^ Reassigned as the Army's chief of staff, subordinate to Grant.

^ Resigned to become the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877).

^ Resigned position; retired upon reaching mandatory retirement age of 64 in 1884.

^ ^a^b Retired upon reaching mandatory retirement age of 64.

Bibliography

Historical Resources Branch; United States Army Center of Military History.

Eicher, John H.; Eicher, David J. (2001). Civil War High Commands. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

Bell, William Gardner (2005). Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff 1775-2005: Portraits and Biographical Sketches. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History.

King, Archibald (1949/1960 reprint). Command of the Army (PDF). Military Affairs. Charlottesville, Virginia: The Judge Advocate General's School, U.S. Army. Check date values in: |year= (help)

[1] King

[2] Promoted posthumously to General of the Armies in 1976, by an Act of Congress (Public Law 94-479) as part of the United States Bicentennial.

[3] Appointed by the Second Continental Congress, after being nominated by Samuel Adams and John Adams. Resigned to the Congress of the Confederation, at the end of the American Revolutionary War.

[4] Resigned to begin career farming and developing land in Maine; appointed Secretary of War under Articles of Confederation in 1785.

[5] Served when all of the Army but 80 men were discharged.

[6] Removed by President George Washington in the aftermath of the Harmar Campaign.

[7] Simultaneously served as Governor of the Northwest Territory (1787–1802). Resigned as Senior Officer at the request of President George Washington, in the aftermath of the St. Clair's Defeat.

[8] Appointed during the Quasi-War against the French Republic. Did not actively command the Army during this period but was prepared to lead the Army if the need arose.

[9] Previously served as Secretary of the Treasury (1789–1795). Served as Inspector General of the Army with rank of major general from July 19, 1798. Became Senior Officer in the Army after the death of Washington.

[10] Promoted to major general during the War of 1812 and retired on June 15, 1815.

[11] Previously served as Secretary of War (1801–1809). Last American Revolutionary War veteran to serve as Senior Officer.

[12] Appointed Commanding General of the Army.

[13] Personally commanded the Army in the Battle for Mexico City in 1847, during the Mexican–American War. Upon his retirement, at the commencement of the American Civil War, he was the oldest serving Commanding General of the U.S. Army in history at age 75.

[14] Simultaneously served as Commander of the Army of the Potomac. Removed by President Abraham Lincoln in order to focus on the Peninsula Campaign.

[15] Eicher, Civil War High Commands. The gap from March 11, 1862 to July 23, 1862 was filled with direct control of the army by President Abraham Lincoln and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, with the help of an unofficial "War Board" that was established on March 17, 1862. The board consisted of Ethan A. Hitchcock, the chairman, with Department of War bureau chiefs Lorenzo Thomas, Montgomery C. Meigs, Joseph G. Totten, James W. Ripley, and Joseph P. Taylor.

[16] Reassigned as the Army's chief of staff, subordinate to Grant.

[17] Resigned to become the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877).

[18] Resigned position; retired upon reaching mandatory retirement age of 64 in 1884.

[Mandatory_retirement-19] Retired upon reaching mandatory retirement age of 64.

v t e Leaders of the United States Army
Senior Officer / Commanding General	Washington Knox Doughty Harmar St. Clair Wayne Wilkinson Washington Hamilton Wilkinson Dearborn J. Brown Macomb W. Scott McClellan Halleck Grant Sherman Sheridan Schofield Miles
Chiefs of Staff	Young Chaffee Bates Bell Wood Wotherspoon H. Scott Bliss March Pershing Hines Summerall MacArthur Craig Marshall Eisenhower Bradley Collins Ridgway Taylor Lemnitzer Decker Wheeler Johnson Westmoreland B. Palmer Abrams Weyand Rogers Meyer Wickham Vuono Sullivan Reimer Shinseki Schoomaker Casey Dempsey Odierno Milley
Vice Chiefs of Staff	Collins Haislip Hull Bolte W. Palmer Lemnitzer Decker Eddleman Hamlett Abrams Haines B. Palmer Haig Weyand Kerwin Kroesen Vessey Wickham Thurman A. Brown RisCassi Sullivan Reimer Peay Tilelli Griffith Crouch Shinseki Keane Casey Cody Chiarelli Austin Campbell Allyn McConville

v t e Government of the United States under the Articles of Confederation
Congresses	1st Continental Congress 2nd Continental Congress The US in Congress Assembled Delegates Committee of the States
Congressional Officers	President Secretary
Civil Offices/Officers	Postmaster General Superintendent of Finance/Agent of the Marine Secretary at War Secretary of Foreign Affairs Court of Appeals
Military	Board of War Continental Army Commander in Chief Continental Navy Continental Marines

v t e Star officer grades
General officer Flag officer Air officer
By star ranks	Six-star rank (proposed) Five-star rank Four-star rank Three-star rank Two-star rank One-star rank
By titles	Generalissimo Generalissimus of the Soviet Union Supreme Allied Commander Admiral of the Navy General of the Armies Generalfeldmarschall Field marshal Mareşal Marshal of the air force Marshal of the Russian Federation Marshal of the Soviet Union Mushir/Müşir Caudillo Magister militum Spāhbed Ispahsalar Beylerbey Constable of France Grand Domestic Dux bellorum Grand marshal Hetman Jenderal besar Reichsmarschall Sardar Serasker Strategos autokrator First marshal of the empire Dai-gensui Taewonsu Wonsu Yuan shuai / Da yuan shuai Field Marshal / Marshal of Yugoslavia

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Wsrtjtyk

Commanding General of the United States Army

Contents

Office holders

Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army

Senior Officer of the United States Army

Commanding General of the United States Army

See also

Notes

Bibliography

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Commanding General of the United States Army
Last in office LTG Nelson A. Miles 5 October 1895—8 August 1903
United States Army United States Department of War
Status	Senior-most officer
Reports to	United States Secretary of War
Seat	Several HQs (Washington)
Appointer	The President with Congress advice and consent
Term length	No fixed term
Constituting instrument	An Act of the Second Continental Congress
Formation	15 June 1775 June 1821
First holder	GEN George Washington as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army MG Jacob Brown as Commanding General of the United States Army
Final holder	LTG Nelson A. Miles
Abolished	8 August 1903
Succession	Chief of Staff of the Army