No. 320 (Netherlands) Squadron RAF















































No. 320 (Netherlands) Squadron RAF

IWM-CH-1157-FOKKER-T-VIIIW.jpg
A Fokker T.VIII of No. 320 Squadron begins a patrol after taking off from Pembroke Dock, Wales

Active 1 June 1940 – 2 August 1945
Country
United Kingdom United Kingdom
Allegiance
Netherlands Dutch government in exile
Branch
Air Force Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg Royal Air Force
Type Inactive
Part of
RAF Coastal Command
RAF Bomber Command
RAF Second Tactical Air Force
Motto(s)
Latin: Animo libre dirigimur
("We are guided by the mind of liberty")
Dutch: ("Wij worden geleid door een vrije geest")
Insignia
Squadron Badge In front of a fountain an orange tree fracted and eradicated[1]The orange tree refers to the squadron's connection with the Netherlands and the fountain to its operations over the sea[2]
Squadron Codes
SP (allocated June 1939 – Sep 1939)
TD (Jun 1940 – Oct 1940)
NO (Oct 1940 – Aug 1945)

No. 320 (Netherlands) Squadron RAF was a unit of the Royal Air Force during World War II formed from the personnel of the Royal Netherlands Naval Air Service.




Contents






  • 1 History


    • 1.1 Formation


    • 1.2 To Bomber Command


    • 1.3 In the 2nd Tactical Air Force


    • 1.4 Back Home




  • 2 Aircraft operated


  • 3 Commanding officers


  • 4 References


    • 4.1 Bibliography




  • 5 External links





History



Formation


Formed on 1 June 1940 at Pembroke Dock, after flying from the Netherlands in eight Fokker T.VIIIW twin-engined patrol seaplanes, as part of Coastal Command. The squadron flew coastal and anti-submarine patrols in the Fokkers until they became unserviceable due to lack of spares and were re-equipped with Ansons in August 1940 and supplemented in October with Hudsons. Due to insufficient personnel, the squadron absorbed No. 321 (Netherlands) Squadron on 18 January 1941.



To Bomber Command


The squadron moved to RAF Leuchars on 1 October 1941, re-equipped with Hudson IIIs, flying patrols and anti-shipping attacks in the North Sea. Detachments were located at RAF Silloth and RAF Carew Cheriton until 24 April 1942 when the squadron moved to RAF Bircham Newton. The squadron was reassigned to Bomber Command and loaned to No.2 Group on 15 March 1943. The squadron was re-equipped with Mitchells during spring 1943 and moved to RAF Methwold.



In the 2nd Tactical Air Force





Belgian aircrew of a 320 Squadron Mitchell bomber at B58/Melsbroek, Belgium


On 30 March 1943, the squadron moved to RAF Attlebridge, then was reassigned to Second Tactical Air Force on 1 June with the squadron attacking enemy communications targets and airfields. The squadron relocated to RAF Lasham on 30 August and to RAF Dunsfold on 18 February 1944.
From these airfields the squadron participated in many "Ramrod" and "Noball" operations and bombing attacks on construction works, railway yards, fuel dumps and V-1 sites in the North of France, in advance of D-Day.


After D-Day the bombing of tactical targets continued and changed from France to the Dutch Coast of Zeeland, and in September 1944 the squadron was involved in bombing German troops in the surroundings of Arnhem during the Airborne battle. In September the squadron started bombing targets in Germany along the Rhine for the advancing allied troops. In October 1944 the squadron was transferred to Melsbroek (B.58), in Belgium. From there the bombing of bridges and airfields in the east of the Netherlands and Germany continued. During 1943 and 1944 the squadron took heavy losses. On 30 April 1945 the squadron moved to Achmer (B.110), Germany.




Back Home


The squadron was passed to the control of the Dutch Naval Aviation Service (Marine Luchtvaart Dienst) on 2 August 1945, keeping the same squadron number No. 320 Squadron MLD. The squadron was disbanded in 2005, due to budget cuts.



Aircraft operated


































































Aircraft operated by 320 Squadron[3][4][5]
From
 To
 Aircraft
 Version
Jun 1940
 Oct 1940
Fokker T.VIII
 TVIIIW/G (Floatplane version of TVIII)
Aug 1940
 Jul 1941
Avro Anson
 Mk.I
Oct 1940
 Oct 1942
Lockheed Hudson
 Mk.I
Mar 1941
 Sep 1941
 Lockheed Hudson
 Mk.II
Jul 1941
 Sep 1942
 Lockheed Hudson
 Mk.III
Jan 1942
 May 1942
 Lockheed Hudson
 Mk.V
Aug 1942
 Mar 1943
 Lockheed Hudson
 Mk.VI
Mar 1943
 Aug 1945
North American Mitchell
 Mk.II
Feb 1945
 Aug 1945
 North American Mitchell
 Mk.III


Commanding officers


This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.























































Commanding officers[3]
From
 To
 Name
July 1940
 June 1941
 Wing Cdr. J.M. van Olm
June 1941
 June 1942
 Wing Cdr. J.M van Olm
June 1942
 Sept1943
 Wing Cdr.K.J.A. Meester
Sept 1943
 Oct 1943
 Wing Cdr E.Bakker
Oct 1943
 Dec 1943
 Sqn.Ldr. J.F. Breedveld
Dec 1943
 June 1944
 Wing Cdr. H.V.B. Burgerhout
June 1944
 Sept. 1944
 Sqn. Ldr. J.N. Mulder
Sept 1944
 Dec. 1944
 Wing Cdr. H.V.B. Burgerhout
Dec. 1944
 April 1946
 Wing Cdr. A.W. Witholt


References





  1. ^ Rawlings 1982, p. 200.


  2. ^ Moyes 1976, p. 228.


  3. ^ ab Rawlings 1982, p. 201.


  4. ^ Halley 1988, p. 367.


  5. ^ Jefford 2001, p. 88.




Bibliography


.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}


  • Geldof, Nico. De Vliegtuigen van 320 Squadron, 1940 – 1946 (in Dutch). Maarssen, the Netherlands: Geromy Uitgeverij BV, 2006. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
    ISBN 90-6720-397-1.

  • Geldof, Nico. De Operaties van 320 Squadron, 1940 – 1946 (in Dutch). Maarssen, the Netherlands: Geromy Uitgeverij BV, 2006.
    ISBN 90-6720-396-3.

  • Geldof, Nico. "'Alle Hens' van 320 Squadron: 'Regina et patria'" (in Dutch). Maarssen, the Netherlands: Geromy Uitgeverij BV, 2007. ISBN

  • Halley, James J. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918–1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988.
    ISBN 0-85130-164-9.

  • Jefford, Wing Commander C.G., MBE,BA,RAF (Retd). RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 2001.
    ISBN 1-84037-141-2.

  • Kloos, J.P. 320 Squadron R.A.F., Memorial 1940–1945 (in Dutch). J.P. Kloos Publisher, 1987 (republished in 1992).

  • Moyes, Philip J.R. Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1964 (2nd edition 1976).
    ISBN 0-354-01027-1.

  • Rawlings, John D.R. Coastal, Support and Special Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd., 1982.
    ISBN 0-7106-0187-5.

  • Van der Kop, Hans. The Flying Dutchman: An Exciting True Story of War in the Air. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens Ltd, 1985.
    ISBN 0-85059-755-2.




External links







  • Squadron bases at RAF Commands

  • 320 Squadron History at RAF website

  • No. 320 Squadron Aircraft & Markings on RAF Web

  • History of No.'s 310–347 Squadrons at RAF Web

  • History of 320 Squadron in Dutch










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