Nunatak




Exposed, often rocky element of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier

For other uses, see Nunatak (disambiguation).




Starr Nunatak, on the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica




Cântaro Magro, Serra da Estrela, Portugal, formed as a nunatak during the last ice age and now exposed[1]


A nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is an exposed, often rocky element of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within (or at the edge of) an ice field or glacier. They are also called glacial islands.[2] Examples are natural pyramidal peaks. When rounded by glacial action, smaller rock promontories may be referred to as rognons.[3][4]


The word is of Greenlandic origin[5] and has been used in English since the 1870s.




Contents






  • 1 Description


  • 2 List


  • 3 See also


  • 4 References


  • 5 External links





Description


The term is typically used in areas where a permanent ice sheet is present and the nunataks protrude above the sheet.[6] Nunataks present readily identifiable landmark reference points in glaciers or ice caps and are often named. While some nunataks are isolated, sometimes they form dense clusters, such as Queen Louise Land in Greenland.[7]


Nunataks are generally angular and jagged, which hampers the formation of glacial ice on their tops, although snow can accumulate on them. They usually contrast strongly with the softer contours of the glacially eroded land after a glacier retreats.


Typically nunataks are the only places where plant life can survive on ice sheets or ice caps. Lifeforms on nunataks are frequently isolated by the surrounding ice or glacier, providing unique habitats.[8]



List


Main article: List of nunataks



  • Aitken Nunatak

  • Åkerlundh Nunatak

  • Altsek Nunatak

  • Anoritooq

  • Appalachia Nunataks

  • Arkhangel'skiy Nunataks

  • Arrowhead Nunatak

  • Atanasoff Nunatak

  • Aviator Nunatak

  • Belknap Nunatak

  • Berg Mountains

  • Bon Docteur Nunatak

  • Bradley Nunatak

  • Branson Nunatak

  • Cameron Nunataks


  • Canisp, formed as a Nunatak

  • Castillo Nunatak

  • Cat Nunatak


  • Cathedral Peak, California, USA

  • C. H. Ostenfeld Nunatak

  • Cheeks Nunatak

  • Dean Nunataks

  • Drury Nunatak

  • Du Toit Nunataks

  • Eaton Nunatak

  • Exile Nunatak

  • Exiles Nunataks

  • Faraway How

  • Gillett Nunataks

  • Gora Severny Nunatak

  • Gronau Nunataks

  • Grossman Nunataks

  • Guardian Nunatak

  • Hamner Nunatak

  • Harvey Nunataks

  • Jane Peak

  • Jutulsessen

  • Klawatti Peak

  • Lacroix Nunatak

  • Lands End Nunataks

  • Lawson Nunatak

  • Lawson Nunataks

  • Lodalskåpa

  • López Nunatak

  • MacDonald Nunataks

  • Marujupu Peak

  • Meade Nunatak

  • Meyers Nunatak

  • Mulgrew Nunatak

  • Newman Nunataks

  • Nødtvedt Nunataks

  • Nunatakassak

  • Nunatarsuaq

  • Nunatarsuaq (Tasiusaq Bay)

  • Olander Nunatak

  • Olson Nunatak

  • Orsugissap Qaqqarsua

  • Packsaddle Island

  • Price Nunatak

  • Queen Louise Land

  • Quest Nunatak

  • Robertson Nunatak

  • Schloredt Nunatak

  • See Nunatak

  • Shelton Nunataks

  • Ship Nunatak

  • Shoemake Nunatak


  • Stac Pollaidh, formed as a Nunatak

  • Starr Nunatak

  • Stinear Nunataks


  • Suilven, formed as a Nunatak

  • Svarthamaren Mountain

  • Symes Nunatak

  • Syningen Nunatak

  • Tommeliten Rock

  • Trioen Nunataks

  • Tuttulikassak

  • Utsteinen Nunatak

  • Velchev Rock

  • Vesleskarvet

  • Wandel Land

  • Watkins Range

  • Whichaway Nunataks

  • White Nunataks

  • Willan Nunatak

  • Windscoop Nunataks

  • Yingling Nunatak

  • Young Nunataks

  • Zohn Nunataks




See also



  • Fell


  • Glacial landform – Landform created by the action of glaciers



References





  1. ^
    Vieira, G.T.; Ferreira, A.B. (1998). "General characteristics of the glacial geomorphology of the Serra da Estrela" (PDF). In G.T. Vieira. Glacial and Periglacial Geomorphology of the Serra da Estrela. Guidebook for the field-trip IGU Commission on Climate Change and Periglacial Environments, 26-28 August1998. pp. 37–48. Retrieved October 16, 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Physical Geography: Hydrosphere, 2006,
    ISBN 8183561675, p. 114


  3. ^ Neuendorf, Klaus K. E.; Institute, American Geological (2005). Glossary of Geology. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9780922152766.


  4. ^ "Rognon definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 2019-02-06.


  5. ^
    "Merriam-Webster: nunatak". Retrieved October 16, 2011.


  6. ^ J. J. Zeeberg, Climate and Glacial History of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russian Arctic. pp. 82-84


  7. ^ "Dronning Louise Land". Mapcarta. Retrieved 2 July 2016.


  8. ^ ice cap - National Geographic Society




External links




  • Media related to Nunataks at Wikimedia Commons

  • Nunatak survival of the high Alpine plant Eritrichium nanum




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