Getting undefined reference to “_printf” error for assembly code despite using gcc linker
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
I am trying to follow the exercise in the book PC Assembly by Paul Carter. http://pacman128.github.io/pcasm/
I'm trying to run the program from 1.4 page 23 on Ubuntu 18. The files are all available on the github site above.
Since original code is for 32bit I compile using
nasm -f elf32
for first.asm and asm_io.asm to get the object files. I also compile driver.c
I use the linker from gcc and run
gcc -m32 -o first first.o asm_io.o driver.o
but it keeps giving me a bun of errors like
undefined reference to '_scanf'
undefined reference to '_printf'
(note _printf appears instead of printf because some conversion is done in the file asm_io.asm to maintain compatibility between windows and linux OS's)
I don't know why these errors are appearing. I also try running using linker directly
ld -m elf_i386 -e main -o first -first.o driver.o asm_io.o -I /lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-linux.so.2
and many variations since it seems that its not linking with the C libraries.
Any help? Stuck on this for a while and couldn't find a solution on similar questions
linux assembly x86 linker nasm
edited Nov 15 at 11:01
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
asked Nov 10 at 9:46
ackbar03
273
add a comment |
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
I am trying to follow the exercise in the book PC Assembly by Paul Carter. http://pacman128.github.io/pcasm/
I'm trying to run the program from 1.4 page 23 on Ubuntu 18. The files are all available on the github site above.
Since original code is for 32bit I compile using
nasm -f elf32
for first.asm and asm_io.asm to get the object files. I also compile driver.c
I use the linker from gcc and run
gcc -m32 -o first first.o asm_io.o driver.o
but it keeps giving me a bun of errors like
undefined reference to '_scanf'
undefined reference to '_printf'
(note _printf appears instead of printf because some conversion is done in the file asm_io.asm to maintain compatibility between windows and linux OS's)
I don't know why these errors are appearing. I also try running using linker directly
ld -m elf_i386 -e main -o first -first.o driver.o asm_io.o -I /lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-linux.so.2
and many variations since it seems that its not linking with the C libraries.
Any help? Stuck on this for a while and couldn't find a solution on similar questions
linux assembly x86 linker nasm
edited Nov 15 at 11:01
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
asked Nov 10 at 9:46
ackbar03
273
Include explicitly the C standard library with-lcparameter (to the compiler, or to the linker)
– Luis Colorado
Nov 15 at 9:13
add a comment |
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
I am trying to follow the exercise in the book PC Assembly by Paul Carter. http://pacman128.github.io/pcasm/
I'm trying to run the program from 1.4 page 23 on Ubuntu 18. The files are all available on the github site above.
Since original code is for 32bit I compile using
nasm -f elf32
for first.asm and asm_io.asm to get the object files. I also compile driver.c
I use the linker from gcc and run
gcc -m32 -o first first.o asm_io.o driver.o
but it keeps giving me a bun of errors like
undefined reference to '_scanf'
undefined reference to '_printf'
(note _printf appears instead of printf because some conversion is done in the file asm_io.asm to maintain compatibility between windows and linux OS's)
I don't know why these errors are appearing. I also try running using linker directly
ld -m elf_i386 -e main -o first -first.o driver.o asm_io.o -I /lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-linux.so.2
and many variations since it seems that its not linking with the C libraries.
Any help? Stuck on this for a while and couldn't find a solution on similar questions
linux assembly x86 linker nasm
edited Nov 15 at 11:01
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
asked Nov 10 at 9:46
ackbar03
273
I am trying to follow the exercise in the book PC Assembly by Paul Carter. http://pacman128.github.io/pcasm/
I'm trying to run the program from 1.4 page 23 on Ubuntu 18. The files are all available on the github site above.
Since original code is for 32bit I compile using
nasm -f elf32
for first.asm and asm_io.asm to get the object files. I also compile driver.c
I use the linker from gcc and run
gcc -m32 -o first first.o asm_io.o driver.o
but it keeps giving me a bun of errors like
undefined reference to '_scanf'
undefined reference to '_printf'
(note _printf appears instead of printf because some conversion is done in the file asm_io.asm to maintain compatibility between windows and linux OS's)
I don't know why these errors are appearing. I also try running using linker directly
ld -m elf_i386 -e main -o first -first.o driver.o asm_io.o -I /lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-linux.so.2
and many variations since it seems that its not linking with the C libraries.
Any help? Stuck on this for a while and couldn't find a solution on similar questions
linux assembly x86 linker nasm
linux assembly x86 linker nasm
edited Nov 15 at 11:01
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
asked Nov 10 at 9:46
ackbar03
273
edited Nov 15 at 11:01
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
asked Nov 10 at 9:46
ackbar03
273
edited Nov 15 at 11:01
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
edited Nov 15 at 11:01
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
edited Nov 15 at 11:01
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
117k16180306
asked Nov 10 at 9:46
ackbar03
273
asked Nov 10 at 9:46
ackbar03
273
asked Nov 10 at 9:46
ackbar03
273
273
Include explicitly the C standard library with-lcparameter (to the compiler, or to the linker)
– Luis Colorado
Nov 15 at 9:13
add a comment |
Include explicitly the C standard library with-lcparameter (to the compiler, or to the linker)
– Luis Colorado
Nov 15 at 9:13
Include explicitly the C standard library with
-lc parameter (to the compiler, or to the linker)– Luis Colorado
Nov 15 at 9:13
Include explicitly the C standard library with
-lc parameter (to the compiler, or to the linker)– Luis Colorado
Nov 15 at 9:13
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
up vote
4
down vote
accepted
Linux doesn't prepend _ to names when mapping from C to asm symbol names in ELF object files1.
So call printf, not _printf, because there is no _printf in libc.
Whatever "compatibility" code did that is doing it wrong. Only Windows and OS X use _printf, Linux uses printf.
So either you've misconfigured something or defined the wrong setting, or it requires updating / porting to Linux.
Footnote 1: In ancient history (like over 20 years ago), Linux with the a.out file format did use leading underscores on symbol names.
Update: the library uses the NASM preprocessor to %define _scanf scanf and so on, but it requires you to manually define ELF_TYPE by assembling with nasm -d ELF_TYPE.
They could have detected ELF32 or ELF64 output formats on their own, because NASM pre-defines __OUTPUT_FORMAT__. Someone should submit a pull-request to make this detection automatic with code something like this:
%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf32
%define ELF_TYPE 32
%elifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf64
%define ELF_TYPE 64
%endif
%ifdef ELF_TYPE
...
%endif
answered Nov 10 at 9:54
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
1
I was just gonna point out that in the asm_io.asm file the author included (includes some functions used for debugging) it has a section %ifdef ELF_TYPE %define _scanf scanf %define _printf printf but then I took a closer look and in the comments it said to compile with nasm -f elf -d ELF_TYPE asm_io.asm and uh... yea that solved the problem lol, stupid me. So i guess thanks haha, and for the very prompt answer. I'll put this as the right answer
– ackbar03
Nov 10 at 10:00
@ackbar03: They could have used%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf32(and also check forelf64) to avoid you having to manually do anything on the NASM command line. Someone should send in a pull request. How to detect architecture in NASM at compile time to have one source code for both x64 and x86?
– Peter Cordes
Nov 10 at 10:06
Well, probably there's no_printfcode in the C library, but just to cope with legacy code, probably it should be :) Let's vote for inclussion!!! :)
– Luis Colorado
Nov 15 at 9:15
@LuisColorado: I don't think it makes any sense to double the size of the dynamic symbol table (slowing down dynamic linking on every process startup) by having a legacy alternate name for every symbol in libc and libm. (And where do you stop?). It wouldn't even be possible:_exit(2)andexit(3)are separate functions. See Syscall implementation of exit()
– Peter Cordes
Nov 15 at 11:13
@PeterCordes, almost completely in agreement, both problems you describe can be solved, but I agree with you that making a specific implementation to be "portable" is some kind of contradiction. Implementations have their own particularities. The GNU approach of taking off the front_in identifiers allows to access the, until then, hidden identifiers without it from the high level C. The same criteria (or reasoning) to introduce it can be used to eliminate.
– Luis Colorado
Nov 21 at 6:28
|
show 1 more comment
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1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
4
down vote
accepted
Linux doesn't prepend _ to names when mapping from C to asm symbol names in ELF object files1.
So call printf, not _printf, because there is no _printf in libc.
Whatever "compatibility" code did that is doing it wrong. Only Windows and OS X use _printf, Linux uses printf.
So either you've misconfigured something or defined the wrong setting, or it requires updating / porting to Linux.
Footnote 1: In ancient history (like over 20 years ago), Linux with the a.out file format did use leading underscores on symbol names.
Update: the library uses the NASM preprocessor to %define _scanf scanf and so on, but it requires you to manually define ELF_TYPE by assembling with nasm -d ELF_TYPE.
They could have detected ELF32 or ELF64 output formats on their own, because NASM pre-defines __OUTPUT_FORMAT__. Someone should submit a pull-request to make this detection automatic with code something like this:
%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf32
%define ELF_TYPE 32
%elifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf64
%define ELF_TYPE 64
%endif
%ifdef ELF_TYPE
...
%endif
answered Nov 10 at 9:54
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
1
I was just gonna point out that in the asm_io.asm file the author included (includes some functions used for debugging) it has a section %ifdef ELF_TYPE %define _scanf scanf %define _printf printf but then I took a closer look and in the comments it said to compile with nasm -f elf -d ELF_TYPE asm_io.asm and uh... yea that solved the problem lol, stupid me. So i guess thanks haha, and for the very prompt answer. I'll put this as the right answer
– ackbar03
Nov 10 at 10:00
@ackbar03: They could have used%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf32(and also check forelf64) to avoid you having to manually do anything on the NASM command line. Someone should send in a pull request. How to detect architecture in NASM at compile time to have one source code for both x64 and x86?
– Peter Cordes
Nov 10 at 10:06
Well, probably there's no_printfcode in the C library, but just to cope with legacy code, probably it should be :) Let's vote for inclussion!!! :)
– Luis Colorado
Nov 15 at 9:15
@LuisColorado: I don't think it makes any sense to double the size of the dynamic symbol table (slowing down dynamic linking on every process startup) by having a legacy alternate name for every symbol in libc and libm. (And where do you stop?). It wouldn't even be possible:_exit(2)andexit(3)are separate functions. See Syscall implementation of exit()
– Peter Cordes
Nov 15 at 11:13
@PeterCordes, almost completely in agreement, both problems you describe can be solved, but I agree with you that making a specific implementation to be "portable" is some kind of contradiction. Implementations have their own particularities. The GNU approach of taking off the front_in identifiers allows to access the, until then, hidden identifiers without it from the high level C. The same criteria (or reasoning) to introduce it can be used to eliminate.
– Luis Colorado
Nov 21 at 6:28
|
show 1 more comment
up vote
4
down vote
accepted
Linux doesn't prepend _ to names when mapping from C to asm symbol names in ELF object files1.
So call printf, not _printf, because there is no _printf in libc.
Whatever "compatibility" code did that is doing it wrong. Only Windows and OS X use _printf, Linux uses printf.
So either you've misconfigured something or defined the wrong setting, or it requires updating / porting to Linux.
Footnote 1: In ancient history (like over 20 years ago), Linux with the a.out file format did use leading underscores on symbol names.
Update: the library uses the NASM preprocessor to %define _scanf scanf and so on, but it requires you to manually define ELF_TYPE by assembling with nasm -d ELF_TYPE.
They could have detected ELF32 or ELF64 output formats on their own, because NASM pre-defines __OUTPUT_FORMAT__. Someone should submit a pull-request to make this detection automatic with code something like this:
%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf32
%define ELF_TYPE 32
%elifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf64
%define ELF_TYPE 64
%endif
%ifdef ELF_TYPE
...
%endif
answered Nov 10 at 9:54
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
1
I was just gonna point out that in the asm_io.asm file the author included (includes some functions used for debugging) it has a section %ifdef ELF_TYPE %define _scanf scanf %define _printf printf but then I took a closer look and in the comments it said to compile with nasm -f elf -d ELF_TYPE asm_io.asm and uh... yea that solved the problem lol, stupid me. So i guess thanks haha, and for the very prompt answer. I'll put this as the right answer
– ackbar03
Nov 10 at 10:00
@ackbar03: They could have used%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf32(and also check forelf64) to avoid you having to manually do anything on the NASM command line. Someone should send in a pull request. How to detect architecture in NASM at compile time to have one source code for both x64 and x86?
– Peter Cordes
Nov 10 at 10:06
Well, probably there's no_printfcode in the C library, but just to cope with legacy code, probably it should be :) Let's vote for inclussion!!! :)
– Luis Colorado
Nov 15 at 9:15
@LuisColorado: I don't think it makes any sense to double the size of the dynamic symbol table (slowing down dynamic linking on every process startup) by having a legacy alternate name for every symbol in libc and libm. (And where do you stop?). It wouldn't even be possible:_exit(2)andexit(3)are separate functions. See Syscall implementation of exit()
– Peter Cordes
Nov 15 at 11:13
@PeterCordes, almost completely in agreement, both problems you describe can be solved, but I agree with you that making a specific implementation to be "portable" is some kind of contradiction. Implementations have their own particularities. The GNU approach of taking off the front_in identifiers allows to access the, until then, hidden identifiers without it from the high level C. The same criteria (or reasoning) to introduce it can be used to eliminate.
– Luis Colorado
Nov 21 at 6:28
|
show 1 more comment
up vote
4
down vote
accepted
up vote
4
down vote
accepted
Linux doesn't prepend _ to names when mapping from C to asm symbol names in ELF object files1.
So call printf, not _printf, because there is no _printf in libc.
Whatever "compatibility" code did that is doing it wrong. Only Windows and OS X use _printf, Linux uses printf.
So either you've misconfigured something or defined the wrong setting, or it requires updating / porting to Linux.
Footnote 1: In ancient history (like over 20 years ago), Linux with the a.out file format did use leading underscores on symbol names.
Update: the library uses the NASM preprocessor to %define _scanf scanf and so on, but it requires you to manually define ELF_TYPE by assembling with nasm -d ELF_TYPE.
They could have detected ELF32 or ELF64 output formats on their own, because NASM pre-defines __OUTPUT_FORMAT__. Someone should submit a pull-request to make this detection automatic with code something like this:
%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf32
%define ELF_TYPE 32
%elifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf64
%define ELF_TYPE 64
%endif
%ifdef ELF_TYPE
...
%endif
answered Nov 10 at 9:54
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
Linux doesn't prepend _ to names when mapping from C to asm symbol names in ELF object files1.
So call printf, not _printf, because there is no _printf in libc.
Whatever "compatibility" code did that is doing it wrong. Only Windows and OS X use _printf, Linux uses printf.
So either you've misconfigured something or defined the wrong setting, or it requires updating / porting to Linux.
Footnote 1: In ancient history (like over 20 years ago), Linux with the a.out file format did use leading underscores on symbol names.
Update: the library uses the NASM preprocessor to %define _scanf scanf and so on, but it requires you to manually define ELF_TYPE by assembling with nasm -d ELF_TYPE.
They could have detected ELF32 or ELF64 output formats on their own, because NASM pre-defines __OUTPUT_FORMAT__. Someone should submit a pull-request to make this detection automatic with code something like this:
%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf32
%define ELF_TYPE 32
%elifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf64
%define ELF_TYPE 64
%endif
%ifdef ELF_TYPE
...
%endif
answered Nov 10 at 9:54
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
edited Nov 10 at 10:12
answered Nov 10 at 9:54
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
answered Nov 10 at 9:54
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
answered Nov 10 at 9:54
Peter Cordes
117k16180306
117k16180306
1
I was just gonna point out that in the asm_io.asm file the author included (includes some functions used for debugging) it has a section %ifdef ELF_TYPE %define _scanf scanf %define _printf printf but then I took a closer look and in the comments it said to compile with nasm -f elf -d ELF_TYPE asm_io.asm and uh... yea that solved the problem lol, stupid me. So i guess thanks haha, and for the very prompt answer. I'll put this as the right answer
– ackbar03
Nov 10 at 10:00
@ackbar03: They could have used%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf32(and also check forelf64) to avoid you having to manually do anything on the NASM command line. Someone should send in a pull request. How to detect architecture in NASM at compile time to have one source code for both x64 and x86?
– Peter Cordes
Nov 10 at 10:06
Well, probably there's no_printfcode in the C library, but just to cope with legacy code, probably it should be :) Let's vote for inclussion!!! :)
– Luis Colorado
Nov 15 at 9:15
@LuisColorado: I don't think it makes any sense to double the size of the dynamic symbol table (slowing down dynamic linking on every process startup) by having a legacy alternate name for every symbol in libc and libm. (And where do you stop?). It wouldn't even be possible:_exit(2)andexit(3)are separate functions. See Syscall implementation of exit()
– Peter Cordes
Nov 15 at 11:13
@PeterCordes, almost completely in agreement, both problems you describe can be solved, but I agree with you that making a specific implementation to be "portable" is some kind of contradiction. Implementations have their own particularities. The GNU approach of taking off the front_in identifiers allows to access the, until then, hidden identifiers without it from the high level C. The same criteria (or reasoning) to introduce it can be used to eliminate.
– Luis Colorado
Nov 21 at 6:28
|
show 1 more comment
1
I was just gonna point out that in the asm_io.asm file the author included (includes some functions used for debugging) it has a section %ifdef ELF_TYPE %define _scanf scanf %define _printf printf but then I took a closer look and in the comments it said to compile with nasm -f elf -d ELF_TYPE asm_io.asm and uh... yea that solved the problem lol, stupid me. So i guess thanks haha, and for the very prompt answer. I'll put this as the right answer
– ackbar03
Nov 10 at 10:00
@ackbar03: They could have used%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf32(and also check forelf64) to avoid you having to manually do anything on the NASM command line. Someone should send in a pull request. How to detect architecture in NASM at compile time to have one source code for both x64 and x86?
– Peter Cordes
Nov 10 at 10:06
Well, probably there's no_printfcode in the C library, but just to cope with legacy code, probably it should be :) Let's vote for inclussion!!! :)
– Luis Colorado
Nov 15 at 9:15
@LuisColorado: I don't think it makes any sense to double the size of the dynamic symbol table (slowing down dynamic linking on every process startup) by having a legacy alternate name for every symbol in libc and libm. (And where do you stop?). It wouldn't even be possible:_exit(2)andexit(3)are separate functions. See Syscall implementation of exit()
– Peter Cordes
Nov 15 at 11:13
@PeterCordes, almost completely in agreement, both problems you describe can be solved, but I agree with you that making a specific implementation to be "portable" is some kind of contradiction. Implementations have their own particularities. The GNU approach of taking off the front_in identifiers allows to access the, until then, hidden identifiers without it from the high level C. The same criteria (or reasoning) to introduce it can be used to eliminate.
– Luis Colorado
Nov 21 at 6:28
1
1
I was just gonna point out that in the asm_io.asm file the author included (includes some functions used for debugging) it has a section %ifdef ELF_TYPE %define _scanf scanf %define _printf printf but then I took a closer look and in the comments it said to compile with nasm -f elf -d ELF_TYPE asm_io.asm and uh... yea that solved the problem lol, stupid me. So i guess thanks haha, and for the very prompt answer. I'll put this as the right answer
– ackbar03
Nov 10 at 10:00
I was just gonna point out that in the asm_io.asm file the author included (includes some functions used for debugging) it has a section %ifdef ELF_TYPE %define _scanf scanf %define _printf printf but then I took a closer look and in the comments it said to compile with nasm -f elf -d ELF_TYPE asm_io.asm and uh... yea that solved the problem lol, stupid me. So i guess thanks haha, and for the very prompt answer. I'll put this as the right answer
– ackbar03
Nov 10 at 10:00
@ackbar03: They could have used
%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf32 (and also check for elf64) to avoid you having to manually do anything on the NASM command line. Someone should send in a pull request. How to detect architecture in NASM at compile time to have one source code for both x64 and x86?– Peter Cordes
Nov 10 at 10:06
@ackbar03: They could have used
%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, elf32 (and also check for elf64) to avoid you having to manually do anything on the NASM command line. Someone should send in a pull request. How to detect architecture in NASM at compile time to have one source code for both x64 and x86?– Peter Cordes
Nov 10 at 10:06
Well, probably there's no
_printf code in the C library, but just to cope with legacy code, probably it should be :) Let's vote for inclussion!!! :)– Luis Colorado
Nov 15 at 9:15
Well, probably there's no
_printf code in the C library, but just to cope with legacy code, probably it should be :) Let's vote for inclussion!!! :)– Luis Colorado
Nov 15 at 9:15
@LuisColorado: I don't think it makes any sense to double the size of the dynamic symbol table (slowing down dynamic linking on every process startup) by having a legacy alternate name for every symbol in libc and libm. (And where do you stop?). It wouldn't even be possible:
_exit(2) and exit(3) are separate functions. See Syscall implementation of exit()– Peter Cordes
Nov 15 at 11:13
@LuisColorado: I don't think it makes any sense to double the size of the dynamic symbol table (slowing down dynamic linking on every process startup) by having a legacy alternate name for every symbol in libc and libm. (And where do you stop?). It wouldn't even be possible:
_exit(2) and exit(3) are separate functions. See Syscall implementation of exit()– Peter Cordes
Nov 15 at 11:13
@PeterCordes, almost completely in agreement, both problems you describe can be solved, but I agree with you that making a specific implementation to be "portable" is some kind of contradiction. Implementations have their own particularities. The GNU approach of taking off the front
_ in identifiers allows to access the, until then, hidden identifiers without it from the high level C. The same criteria (or reasoning) to introduce it can be used to eliminate.– Luis Colorado
Nov 21 at 6:28
@PeterCordes, almost completely in agreement, both problems you describe can be solved, but I agree with you that making a specific implementation to be "portable" is some kind of contradiction. Implementations have their own particularities. The GNU approach of taking off the front
_ in identifiers allows to access the, until then, hidden identifiers without it from the high level C. The same criteria (or reasoning) to introduce it can be used to eliminate.– Luis Colorado
Nov 21 at 6:28
|
show 1 more comment
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Include explicitly the C standard library with
-lcparameter (to the compiler, or to the linker)– Luis Colorado
Nov 15 at 9:13