Oecophoridae
Multi tool use
| Concealer moths | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Adult of unidentified Oecophorinae species, Aranda (Australia) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Euarthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Gelechioidea |
| Family: | Oecophoridae Bruand, 1851 |
Diversity | |
7 subfamilies (but see text) | |
Synonyms | |
| |
Oecophoridae (concealer moths) is a family of small moths in the superfamily Gelechioidea. The phylogeny and systematics of gelechoid moths are still not fully resolved, and the circumscription of the Oecophoridae is strongly affected by this.[1]
Contents
1 Taxonomy and systematics
2 Relationship with humans
3 Footnotes
4 References
Taxonomy and systematics
- Oecophorinae
Pleurotinae Toll, 1956
Deuterogoniinae Spuler, 1910
- Unplaced
Colchia Lvovsky, 1995
Also possibly included is the Peruvian species Auxotricha ochrogypsa, described by Edward Meyrick in 1931 as the sole member of its genus. In the past, the family was circumscribed more widely and included the following subfamilies:
Amphisbatinae (sometimes in Depressariinae)- Autostichinae
Depressariinae (including Cryptolechiinae)- Hypertrophinae
- Metachandinae
Oecophorinae (including Chimabachinae, Deuterogoniinae, Peleopodinae, Philobotinae)- Stathmopodinae
- Stenomatinae
Stathmopoda pedella (Stathmopodinae) near Ilmenau (Thuringia, Germany)
Some treatments include only the Oecophorinae and Stathmopodinae here, placing the others elsewhere in the Gelechoidea (typically in the Elachistidae, but occasionally as independent families). But this approach might make Elachistidae highly paraphyletic. Other authors go as far as to expand the Oecophoridae beyond the delimitation used here, including also such groups as the Ethmiidae and Xyloryctidae. The latter may indeed be part of a monophyletic Oecophoridae, but more research is required; the Ethmiidae on the other hand are more likely a distinct family. The mysterious genus Aeolanthes is also sometimes included in the Oecophoridae (as a monotypic subfamily Aeolanthinae), but its actual relationships are quite obscure.[2]
Some additional genera[verification needed] are also treated as Oecophoridae incertae sedis in recent studies:[3]
- Amseloecia
Callimodes Leraut 1989 (Oecophorinae?)- Colchia
Luquetia Leraut, 1991 (Depressariinae?)
Minetia Leraut, 1991 (Oecophorinae?)- Odonna
- Orienta
Schiffermuellerina Leraut, 1989 (Oecophorinae?)
- Schiffermuellerina grandis
Zizyphia (Oecophorinae? Formerly in Gelechiidae)
†Epiborkhausenites Skalski, 1973 (Bartonian age, Baltic amber, Lithuania)[4]
Relationship with humans
Many concealer moths feed on dead plant material and play a useful part in nutrient recycling. On the other hand, the family includes the white-shouldered house moth (Endrosis sarcitrella), a widely distributed species whose caterpillars infest stored grain, and the brown house moth (Hofmannophila pseudospretella), which feeds on textiles and carpets as well as stored foodstuffs. Other pest species include the black-headed caterpillar (the larva of Opisina arenosella) on coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) in India, and Peleopoda arcanella on Elaeis oleifera oil palms in Central America.
Concealer moths have also been put to useful service. Agonopterix ulicetella, a native of Europe, has been introduced to New Zealand and Hawaii in an attempt to control the European gorse (Ulex europaeus), and the defoliating hemlock moth (Agonopterix alstroemeriana) has been used against Conium maculatum poison hemlock in the United States.
Footnotes
^ Hodge (1999)
^ Hodge (1999), ToL (2008), Wikispecies (2010-MAR-24), and see references in Savela (2003)
^ Wikispecies (2010-MAR-24)
^ Skalski, A.W. (1973). "Studies on the Lepidoptera from fossil resins. Part II. Epiborkhausenites obscurotrimaculatus gen. et sp. nov. (Oecophoridae) and a tineid-moth discovered in the Baltic amber" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 18 (1): 153–160..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oecophoridae. |
Data related to Oecophoridae at Wikispecies
- Hodges, R.W. (1999): The Gelechioidea. In: Kristensen, N.P. (ed.): Handbuch der Zoologie/Handbook of Zoology (Volume IV – Arthropoda: Insecta. Part 35: Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies 1): 131–158. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin & New York.
ISBN 3-11-015704-7
- Savela, Markku (2003): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Oecophoridae. Version of 2003-DEC-29. Retrieved 2010-APR-22.
Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2008): Oecophoridae. Version of 2008-MAY-01. Retrieved 2010-APR-22.
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