Polyporaceae
| Polyporaceae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Dryad's saddle (Cerioporus squamosus) | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Polyporales |
| Family: | Polyporaceae Fr. ex Corda (1839)[1] |
Type genus | |
Polyporus P.Micheli ex Adans. (1763) | |
Synonyms[2] | |
| |
The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle illustrated) to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium (fertile layer) in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills (e.g. Panus) or gill-like structures (such as Daedaleopsis, whose elongated pores form a corky labyrinth). Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, Polyporus badius.
Most of these fungi have white spore powder but members of the genus Abundisporus have colored spores and produce yellowish spore prints. Cystidia are absent.
Taxonomy
In his 1838 work Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum, Elias Magnus Fries introduced the "Polyporei".[3]August Corda published the name validly the following year, retaining Fries's concept.[1] American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill, in a series of publications in the early 1900s, classified the polypores into a more organized family of 78 genera, including 29 that were monotypic, and 39 that were new to science.[4] Around the same time as Murrill, Curtis Gates Lloyd devoted considerable effort in sorting polypore taxonomy, and amassed a large and diverse collection of fruit bodies from around the world.[5] In his 1953 monograph The Polyporaceae of the European U.S.S.R. and Caucasia, Apollinarii Semenovich Bondartsev included 54 genera in the Polyporaceae, which he further divided into five subfamilies and 10 tribes.[6] Several works contributing to the systematics of the Polyporaceae were published in the following decades, including Marinus Anton Donk (1960, 1964),[7][8]Gordon Heriot Cunningham (1965),[9] and David Pegler (1973).[10]
Genera
Datronia mollis
Favolus tenuiculus
Hapalopilus nidulans
Polyporus umbellatus
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus
Tyromyces galactinus
Ryvardenia cretacea
As of April 2018[update], Index Fungorum accepts 114 genera and 1621 species in the Polyporaceae:[11]
Abundisporus Ryvarden (1999);[12] 7 species
Amyloporia Singer (1944);[13] 5 species
Amyloporiella A.David & Tortič (1984); 1 species
Atroporus Ryvarden (1973); 3 species
Aurantiporus Murrill (1905);[14] 5 species
Australoporus P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (1988);[15] 1 species
Austrolentinus Ryvarden (1991);[16] 1 species
Cellulariella Zmitr. & Malysheva (2014); 2 species
Cerrena Gray (1821); 7 species
Cerarioporia F.Wu, L.W.Zhou & Jing Si;[17] 1 species
Colospora Miettinen & Spirin (2015);[18] 1 species
Coriolopsis Murrill (1905); 21 species
Cryptomphalina R.Heim (1966);[19] 1 species
Cryptoporus (Peck) Shear (1902); 2 species
Cystidiophorus Bondartsev & Ljub. (1963);[20] 1 species
Daedaleopsis J.Schröt. (1888); 9 species
Datronia Donk (1966); 8 species
Datroniella B.K.Cui, Hai J.Li & Y.C.Dai (2014); 5 species
Dentocorticium (Parmasto) M.J.Larsen & Gilb. (1974); 7 species
Dextrinoporus H.S.Yuan (2018);[21] 1 species
Dichomitus D.A.Reid (1965); 24 species
Diplomitoporus Domański (1970); 20 species
Earliella Murrill (1905); 1 species
Echinochaete D.A.Reid (1963); 5 species
Epithele (Pat.) Pat. (1900); 24 species
Epithelopsis Jülich (1976); 2 species
Erastia Niemelä & Kinnunen (2005); 1 species
Faerberia Pouzar (1981); 1 species
Favolus Fr. (1828); 25 species
Flammeopellis Y.C.Dai, B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2014);[22] 1 species
Fomes (Fr.) Fr. (1849); 59 species
Funalia Pat. (1900); 7 species
Fuscocerrena Ryvarden (1982); 1 species
Globifomes Murrill (1904); 1 species
Grammothele Berk. & M.A.Curtis (1868); 19 species
Grammothelopsis Jülich (1982); 7 species
Hapalopilus P.Karst. (1881); 15 species
Haploporus Bondartsev & Singer (1944); 6 species
Hexagonia Fr. (1836); 41 species
Hymenogramme Mont. & Berk. (1844); 1 species
Laccocephalum McAlpine & Tepper (1895); 5 species
Laetifomes T.Hatt. (2001); 1 species
Leifiporia Y.C.Dai, F.Wu & C.L.Zhao (2016);[23] 2 species
Leiotrametes Welti & Courtec. (2012); 2 species
Lentinus Fr. (1825); 120 species
Lenzites Fr. (1836); 25 species
Leptoporus Quél. (1886); 12 species
Lignosus Lloyd ex Torrend (1920); 8 species
Lithopolyporales R.K.Kar, N.Sharma, A.Agarwal & R.Kar (2003); 1 species
Lloydella Bres. (1901); 3 species
Lopharia Kalchbr. & MacOwan (1881); 15 species
Loweporus J.E.Wright (1976); 8 species
Macrohyporia I.Johans. & Ryvarden (1979); 3 species
Megasporia B.K.Cui, Y.C.Dai & Hai J.Li (2013);[24] 7 species
Megasporoporia Ryvarden & J.E.Wright (1982); 4 species[25]
Megasporoporiella B.K.Cui, Y.C.Dai & Hai J.Li (2013);[24] 5 species
Melanoderma B.K.Cui & Y.C.Dai (2011); 2 species
Melanoporella Murrill (1907); 1 species
Microporellus Murrill (1905); 23 species
Microporus P.Beauv. (1805); 12 species
Mollicarpus Ginns (1984); 1 species[26]
Mycobonia Pat. (1894); 1 species
Myriothele Nakasone (2013);[27] 1 species
Navisporus Ryvarden (1980); 6 species[28]
Neodatronia B.K.Cui, Hai J.Li & Y.C.Dai (2014); 2 species[29]
Neodictyopus Palacio, Robledo, Reck & Drechsler-Santos; 3 species[30]
Neofavolus Sotome & T.Hatt. (2013); 4 species[31]
Neofomitella Y.C.Dai, Hai J.Li & Vlasák (2015); 3 species
Nigrofomes Murrill (1904); 2 species
Pachykytospora Kotl. & Pouzar (1963); 3 species[32]
Panus Fr. (1838); 40 species
Perenniporia Murrill (1942); 100 species
Perenniporiella Decock & Ryvarden (2003); 5 species
Perenniporiopsis C.L.Zhao (2017); 1 species[33]
Phaeotrametes Lloyd ex J.E.Wright (1966); 1 species
Piloporia Niemelä (1982); 2 species
Podofomes Pouzar (1966); 3 species
Polyporus P.Micheli ex Adans. (1763); 279 species
Porogramme (Pat.) Pat. (1900); 7 species
Poronidulus Murrill (1904); 2 species
Pseudofavolus Pat. (1900); 6 species
Pseudopiptoporus Ryvarden (1980); 2 species[28]
Pseudomegasporoporia 1 species[34]
Pycnoporus P.Karst. (1881); 4 species
Pyrofomes Kotl. & Pouzar (1964); 7 species
Roseofavolus T.Hatt. (2003);[35] 1 species
Royoporus A.B.De (1996); 2 species[36]
Rubroporus Log.-Leite, Ryvarden & Groposo (2002); 2 species[37]
Ryvardenia Rajchenb. (1994); 2 species[38]
Sarcoporia P.Karst. (1894); 3 species
Skeletocutis Kotl. & Pouzar (1958); 43 species
Sparsitubus L.W.Hsu & J.D.Zhao (1980); 1 species[39]
Spongipellis Pat. (1887); 9 species
Stiptophyllum Ryvarden (1973); 1 species[40]
Thermophymatospora Udagawa, Awao & Abdullah (1986); 1 species
Tinctoporellus Ryvarden (1979); 4 species[41]
Trametes Fr. (1836); 195 species
Trametopsis Tomšovský (2008); 1 species[42]
Tyromyces P.Karst. (1881); 119 species
Truncospora Pilát (1953); 10 species
Vanderbylia D.A.Reid (1973); 7 species[43]
Wolfiporia Ryvarden & Gilb. (1984); 6 species[44]
Xerotus Fr. (1828); 16 species
Yuchengia B.K.Cui & Steffen (2013);[45] 1 species
In a proposed family-level classification of the Polyporales based on molecular phylogenetics, Alfredo Justo and colleagues propose synonymizing the Ganodermataceae with the Polyporaceae, and accept 44 genera in this family: Abundisporus, Amauroderma, Cerarioporia, Colospora, Cryptoporus, Datronia, Datroniella, Dendrodontia, Dentocorticium, Dichomitus, Donkioporia, Earliella, Echinochaete, Epithele, Favolus, Fomes, Fomitella, Ganoderma, Grammothele, Grammothelopsis, Hexagonia, Haploporus, Hornodermoporus, Lentinus, Lignosus, Lopharia, Megasporia, Megasporoporia, Melanoderma, Microporellus, Microporus, Neodatronia, Neofavolus, Pachykytospora, Perenniporia, Perenniporiella, Pseudofavolus, Pyrofomes, Tinctoporellus, Tomophagus, Trametes, Truncospora, Vanderbylia, and Yuchengia.[2]
References
^ ab Corda, A.C.J. (1839). Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum. 3. p. 49..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ ab Justo, Alfredo; Miettinen, Otto; Floudas, Dimitrios; Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz; Sjökvist, Elisabet; Lindner, Daniel; Nakasone, Karen; Niemelä, Tuomo; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Ryvarden, Leif; Hibbett, David S. (2017). "A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota)". Fungal Biology. 121: 798–824. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.010. PMID 28800851.
^ Fries, E. M. (1838). Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici: Seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum [A Critical Study of Mycology: A Synopsis of the Hymenomycetes] (in Latin). 1–2. Uppsala, Sweden: Regiae Academiae Typographia. p. 408.
^ For example:
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Murrill, William A. (1903). "The Polyporaceae of North America. II. The genus Pyropolyporus". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 30: 109–120. doi:10.2307/2478882.
Murrill, William A. (1903). "The Polyporaceae of North America.-III. The genus Fomes". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 30: 225–232. doi:10.2307/2478780.
Murrill, William A. (1903). "The Polyporaceae of North America.-IV. The genus Elfvingia". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 30: 296–301. doi:10.2307/2478555.
Murrill, William A. (1903). "The Polyporaceae of North America.-V. The genera Cryptoporus, Piptoporus, Scutiger and Porodiscus". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 30: 423–434. doi:10.2307/2478728.
Murrill, William A. (1904). "The Polyporaceae of North America-VI. The genus Polyporus". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 31: 29–44. doi:10.2307/2478751.
Murrill, William A. (1904). "The Polyporaceae of North America-VII. The genera Hexagona, Grifola, Romellia, Coltricia and Coltriciella". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 31: 325–348. doi:10.2307/2478798.
Murrill, William A. (1904). "The Polyporaceae of North America-VIII. Hapalopilus, Pycnoporus, and new monotypic genera". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 31: 415–428. doi:10.2307/2478892.
Murrill, William A. (1904). "The Polyporaceae of North America-IX. Inonotus, Sesia and monotypic genera". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 31: 593–610. doi:10.2307/2478612.
Murrill, William A. (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America-X. Agaricus, Lenzites, Cerrena, and Favolus". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32: 83–103. doi:10.2307/2478510.
Murrill, William A. (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America-XI. A synopsis of the brown pileate species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32: 353–371. doi:10.2307/2478499.
Murrill, William A. (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America-XII. A synopsis of the white and bright-colored pileate species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32: 469–493. doi:10.2307/2478463.
Murrill, William A. (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America-XIII. The described species of Bjerkandera, Trametes, and Coriolus". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32: 633–656.
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Murrill, William A. (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America: XII. A synopsis of the white and bright-colored pileate species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32 (9): 469–494. doi:10.2307/2478463.
^ Lowe, Josiah L. (1963). "The Polyporaceae of the world". Mycologia. 55 (1): 1–12. doi:10.2307/3756376.
^ Bondartsev, A.S. (1953). The Polyporaceae of the European USSR and Caucasia. Moscow: Israel Program for Scientific Translations.
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^ Donk, M.A. (1964). "A conspectus of the families of Aphyllophorales". Persoonia. 3 (2): 199–324.
^ Cunningham, G.H. (1965). "Polyporaceae of New Zealand". New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin. 164: 1–304.
^ Pegler, D.N. (1973). "Aphyllophorales IV. Poroid families". In Ainsworth, G.C.; Sparrow, F.K.; Sussaman, A.S. The Fungi IV-B an advance treatise. IV B. New York and London: Academic press. pp. 397–420.
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^ Murrill, William Alphonso (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America: XII. A synopsis of the white and bright-colored pileate species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32 (9): 469–494. doi:10.2307/2478463.
^ Buchanan, P.K.; Ryvarden, L. (1988). "Type studies in the Polyporaceae – 18. Species described by G.H. Cunningham". Mycotaxon. 31 (1): 1–38.
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^ Ariyawansa Hiran A.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jayasiri, Subashini C.; et al. (2015). "Fungal diversity notes 111–252 – taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa". Fungal Diversity. 75 (1): 27–274. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0346-5.
^ Heim, R. (1966). "Breves diagnoses latinae novitatum genericarum specificarumque nuper descriptarum". Revue de Mycologie. 30: 231–241.
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^ Yuan, H.S.; Qin, W.M. (2018). "Multiple genes phylogeny and morphological characters reveal Dextrinoporus aquaticus gen. et sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from southern China". Mycological Progress. doi:10.1007/s11557-018-1392-7.
^ Chang-Lin Zhao; Xin-Sheng He; Kun-Yuan Wanghe; Bao-Kai Cui; Yu-Cheng Dai (2014). "Flammeopellis bambusicola gen. et. sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis". Mycological Progress. 13 (3): 771–780. doi:10.1007/s11557-014-0960-8.
^ Zhao, Changlin; Wu, Fang; Dai, Yu-Cheng (2016). "Leifiporia rhizomorpha gen. et sp. nov. and L. eucalypti comb. nov. in Polyporaceae (Basidiomycota)". Mycological Progress. 15: 799–808. doi:10.1007/s11557-016-1210-z.
^ ab Li, Hai-Jiao; Cui, Bao-Kai (2013). "Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Megasporoporia and its related genera". Mycologia. 105 (2): 368–383. doi:10.3852/12-114. PMID 23099513.
^ Ryvarden, L.; Wright, J.E.; Rajchenberg, M. (1982). "Megasporoporia, a new genus of resupinate polypores". Mycotaxon. 16 (1): 172–182.
^ Ginns, J. (1984). "Mollicarpus gen. nov. (Polyporaceae) with notes on Coriolopsis byrsina, Phellinus crocatus, and Polystictus crocatus var. sibiricus". Mycotaxon. 19: 71–80.
^ Nakasone, K.K. (2013). "Taxonomy of Epithele (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)". Sydowia. 65: 59–112.
^ ab Ryvarden, Leif; Johansen, I. "A preliminary polypore flora of East Africa". Oslo: Fungiflora: 443, 523.
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^ Palacio, Melissa; Robledo, Gerardo Lucio; Reck, Mateus Arduvino; Grassi, Emanuel; Góes-Neto, Aristóteles; Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro Ricardo (2017). "Decrypting the Polyporus dictyopus complex: Recovery of Atroporus Ryvarden and segregation of Neodictyopus gen. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomyocta)". PLOS ONE. 12 (10): e0186183. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186183. PMC 5648139. PMID 29049417.
^ Sotome, Kozue; Akagi, Yasunori; Lee, Su See; Ishikawa, Noemia K.; Hattori, Tsutomu (2013). "Taxonomic study of Favolus and Neofavolus gen. nov. segregated from Polyporus (Basidiomycota, Polyporales)". Fungal Diversity. 58 (1): 245–266. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0213-6.
^ Kotlába, F.; Pouzar, Z. (1963). "A new genus of the Polypores –Pachykytospora gen. nov". Ceská Mykologie. 17 (1): 27–34.
^ Wu, Zi-Qiang; Liu, Wei-Li; Wang, Zheng-Hui; Zhao, Chang-Lin (2017). "Perenniporiopsis, a new polypore genus segregated from Perenniporia (Polyporales)". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 38 (3): 285–299. doi:10.7872/crym/v38.iss3.2017.285.
^ Ji, Xiao-Hong; Wu, Fang (2017). "Pseudomegasporoporia neriicola gen. et sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from East Asia". Nova Hedwigia. 105 (3–4): 435–443. doi:10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2017/0424.
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^ Zhao, Chang-Lin; Cui, Bao-Kai; Steffen, Karl Timo (2013). "Yuchengia, a new polypore genus segregated from Perenniporia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)". Mycoscience. 31 (3): 331–338. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00003.x.
