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Salekhard Салехард (Russian) Пуӆңават (Khanty)
-  Town[1]  -
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug National Library
Location of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in Russia
Salekhard Location of Salekhard in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Coordinates: 66°32′N 66°36′E / 66.533°N 66.600°E / 66.533; 66.600Coordinates: 66°32′N 66°36′E / 66.533°N 66.600°E / 66.533; 66.600
Coat of arms	Flag
Administrative status (as of September 2009)
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug[1]
Administratively subordinated to	town of okrug significance of Salekhard[1]
Administrative center of	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug,[1] town of okrug significance of Salekhard[1]
Municipal status (as of June 2010)
Urban okrug	Salekhard Urban Okrug[2]
Administrative center of	Salekhard Urban Okrug[2]
Mayor[citation needed]	Alexander Spirin[citation needed]
Statistics
Area	84.50 km2 (32.63 sq mi)[citation needed]
Population (2010 Census)	42,544 inhabitants[3]
Population (2017 est.)	48,507 inhabitants[citation needed]
Density	574.05/km2 (1,486.8/sq mi)[citation needed]
Time zone	YEKT (UTC+05:00)[5]
Founded	1595[citation needed]
Town status since	1938[citation needed]
Previous names	Obdorsk (until 1933)[citation needed]
Postal code(s)[6]	629000
Dialing code(s)	+7 34922[4]
Website	www.salekhard.org
Salekhard on Wikimedia Commons

Salekhard (Russian: Салеха́рд; Khanty: Пуӆңават, Pułñawat; Nenets: Саляʼ харад, Salja’ harad - lit. house on a peninsula) is a town and the administrative center of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It crosses the Polar circle, the main parts being about 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) south and suburbs stretching to the north of the circle. Population: 42,544 (2010 Census);^[3]36,827 (2002 Census);^[7]32,334 (1989 Census).^[8]

History

The settlement of Obdorsk (Обдорск) was founded in 1595, in the place of a Khanty settlement called Polnovat-Vozh (Полноват-вож), by Russian settlers after the conquest of Siberia.^{[citation needed]} It was situated on the Ob River, and its name supposedly derives from that. The land around Obdorsk was referred to as Obdorsky krai, or Obdoriya.

The town was often used as a place of exile during the Tsarist and Soviet periods. Among notable people who spent time here was the Doukhobor spiritual leader Pyotr Verigin and Leon Trotsky. The town and nearby area contained three Soviet camps where approximately 6,500 prisoners were held, arrested for their belief in God.^[9] At the port of Salekhard, approximately 1,500 prisoners loaded and unloaded goods at the dock, or mined metal ores. About 5,000 prisoners in two camps near Salekhard were assigned to polish diamonds mined from Mir mine.

On December 10, 1930, Obdorsk became the administrative center of the new Yamal (Nenets) National Okrug. It was renamed Salekhard in 1933, and granted town status in 1938.^{[citation needed]}

The nearest railway is at Labytnangi on the opposite side of the river Ob. From 1949 to 1953, the Salekhard-Igarka Railway project made an unsuccessful attempt to extend the line to Igarka, claiming the lives of thousands of Gulag prisoners.^[10] The section of railway from Salekhard to Nadym was completed and remained in use for some time in the Soviet era, although it was later abandoned. It is currently being rebuilt, along with a long-awaited bridge across the Ob between Labytnangi and Salekhard.

In April of 2014, Rostelecom, a Russian Internet service provider, completed the final stretch of the Nadym-Salekhard optical internet line. That same line stretches for almost 3,500km (2175 mi).^[11]

In summer 2016 after temperatures as high as 95 °F (35 °C) thawed anthrax infected corpses frozen since 1941 near Salekhard anthrax spores infected reindeer herds and herders.^[12]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with one rural locality, incorporated as the town of okrug significance of Salekhard—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.^[1] As a municipal division, the town of okrug significance of Salekhard is incorporated as Salekhard Urban Okrug.^[2]

Economy

Yamal Airlines has its head office in Salekhard.^[13]

By 2015, about 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) from the airport, near the Arctic circle, authorities plan to build a large polar resort "Center of the Arctic tourism."

Transportation

The town is served by the Salekhard Airport.

The nearest railway is at Labytnangi (on the Salekhard–Igarka Railway) on the opposite side of the river Ob. A long-awaited bridge across the Ob between Labytnangi and Salekhard is being built.

As of 2010^[update], cars and trucks can cross the river by driving across the frozen river ice for 9–10 months a year. In the summer a ferry operates, "but twice a year, during floating of ice, Salekhard lives in a standalone mode, completely cut off from the world, regarding freight. Only helicopter in case of emergency. Native people always build safety stock of food at home, in the shops, in the market for this period, but they still have seasonal price increasing."^[14] Long-distance passengers have the airport.

Climate

Salekhard has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) with short, mild summers and severely cold winters. Precipitation is moderate, and is significantly greater in summer than in winter.

International relations

Twin towns and sister cities

Salekhard is twinned with:

• 
  Azov, Rostov Oblast, Russia

External links

• 
  (in Russian) Official website of Salekhard
  


• Official website of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Information about Salekhard
  

References

Notes

Sources

• 
  Государственная Дума Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. Закон №42-ЗАО от 6 октября 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа», в ред. Закона №123-ЗАО от 6 декабря 2012 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые Законы Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа в части изменения вида населённого пункт Тазовский путём отнесения его к сельским пунктам и наделении муниципального образования посёлок Тазовский статусом сельского поселения». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красный Север", №119, 13 октября 2006 г. (State Duma of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Law #42-ZAO of October 6, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Law #123-ZAO of December 6, 2012 On Amending Various Laws of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Due to Changing the Status of the Inhabited Locality of Tazovsky to a Rural Locality and on Granting the Municipal Formation of the Settlement of Tazovsky the Status of a Rural Settlement. Effective as of the day upon expiration of ten days from the official publication date.).


• 
  Государственная Дума Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. Закон №26-ЗАО от 22 июня 2004 г. «О наделении статусом, определении административного центра и установлении границ муниципального образования город Салехард», в ред. Закона №100-ЗАО от 31 октября 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в Закон Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа "О наделении статусом, определении административного центра и установлении границ муниципального образования город Салехард"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красный Север", №50, 23 июня 2004 г. (State Duma of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Law #26-ZAO of June 22, 2004 On Granting the Status, Determining the Administrative Center, and Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Salkhard, as amended by the Law #100-ZAO of October 31, 2012 On Amending the Law of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug "On Granting the Status, Determining the Administrative Center, and Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Salkhard". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).