Richard Rodgers






























Richard Rodgers

Rodgers.jpg
Rodgers at the St. James Theatre in 1948

Background information
Birth name Richard Charles Rodgers
Born
(1902-06-28)June 28, 1902
New York City, U.S.
Died December 30, 1979(1979-12-30) (aged 77)
New York City, U.S.
Genres Musical theatre
Occupation(s)
Composer, songwriter, playwright

Richard Charles Rodgers (June 28, 1902 – December 30, 1979) was an American composer of music, with over 900 songs and 43 Broadway musicals, leaving a legacy as one of the most significant composers of 20th century American music. He is best known for his songwriting partnerships with the lyricists Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II. His compositions have had a significant impact on popular music.


Rodgers was the first person to win what are considered the top American entertainment awards in television, recording, movies and Broadway – an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony Award — now known collectively as an EGOT. In addition, he was awarded a Pulitzer Prize, making him one of only two people to receive all five awards (Marvin Hamlisch is the other).




Contents






  • 1 Biography


    • 1.1 Early life and education


    • 1.2 Career


      • 1.2.1 Rodgers and Hart


      • 1.2.2 Rodgers and Hammerstein


      • 1.2.3 After Hammerstein


      • 1.2.4 Death and legacy




    • 1.3 Relationship with performers


    • 1.4 Advocacy for Writers' Rights


    • 1.5 Personal life




  • 2 Shows with music by Rodgers


    • 2.1 Lyrics by Lorenz Hart


    • 2.2 Lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II


    • 2.3 Other lyricists and solo works




  • 3 Wider influence


  • 4 References


  • 5 Further reading


  • 6 External links





Biography



Early life and education


Born into a prosperous German Jewish family in Arverne, Queens, New York City, Rodgers was the son of Mamie (Levy) and Dr. William Abrahams Rodgers, a prominent physician who had changed the family name from Abrahams. Richard began playing the piano at age six. He attended P.S. 10, Townsend Harris Hall and DeWitt Clinton High School. Rodgers spent his early teenage summers in Camp Wigwam (Waterford, Maine) where he composed some of his first songs.[1]


Rodgers, Lorenz Hart, and later collaborator Oscar Hammerstein II all attended Columbia University. At Columbia, Rodgers joined the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity. In 1921, Rodgers shifted his studies to the Institute of Musical Art (now the Juilliard School).[2] Rodgers was influenced by composers such as Victor Herbert and Jerome Kern, as well as by the operettas his parents took him to see on Broadway when he was a child.



Career



Rodgers and Hart





Richard Rodgers (seated) with Lorenz Hart in 1936.


In 1919, Richard met Lorenz Hart, thanks to Phillip Leavitt, a friend of Richard's older brother. Rodgers and Hart struggled for years in the field of musical comedy, writing several amateur shows. They made their professional debut with the song "Any Old Place With You", featured in the 1919 Broadway musical comedy A Lonely Romeo. Their first professional production was the 1920 Poor Little Ritz Girl, which also had music by Sigmund Romberg. Their next professional show, The Melody Man, did not premiere until 1924.


When he was just out of college Rodgers worked as musical director for Lew Fields. Among the stars he accompanied were Nora Bayes and Fred Allen.[3] Rodgers was considering quitting show business altogether to sell children's underwear, when he and Hart finally broke through in 1925. They wrote the songs for a benefit show presented by the prestigious Theatre Guild, called The Garrick Gaieties, and the critics found the show fresh and delightful. Only meant to run one day, the Guild knew they had a success and allowed it to re-open later. The show's biggest hit — the song that Rodgers believed "made" Rodgers and Hart — was "Manhattan". The two were now a Broadway songwriting force.


Throughout the rest of the decade, the duo wrote several hit shows for both Broadway and London, including Dearest Enemy (1925), The Girl Friend (1926), Peggy-Ann (1926), A Connecticut Yankee (1927), and Present Arms (1928). Their 1920s shows produced standards such as "Here in My Arms", "Mountain Greenery", "Blue Room", "My Heart Stood Still" and "You Took Advantage of Me".


With the Depression in full swing during the first half of the 1930s, the team sought greener pastures in Hollywood. The hardworking Rodgers later regretted these relatively fallow years, but he and Hart did write some classic songs and film scores while out west, including Love Me Tonight (1932) (directed by Rouben Mamoulian, who would later direct Rodgers's Oklahoma! on Broadway), which introduced three standards: "Lover", "Mimi", and "Isn't It Romantic?". Rodgers also wrote a melody for which Hart wrote three consecutive lyrics which either were cut, not recorded or not a hit. The fourth lyric resulted in one of their most famous songs, "Blue Moon". Other film work includes the scores to The Phantom President (1932), starring George M. Cohan, Hallelujah, I'm a Bum (1933), starring Al Jolson, and, in a quick return after having left Hollywood, Mississippi (1935), starring Bing Crosby and W.C. Fields.


In 1935, they returned to Broadway and wrote an almost unbroken string of hit shows that ended only with Hart's death in 1943. Among the most notable are Jumbo (1935), On Your Toes (1936, which included the ballet "Slaughter on Tenth Avenue", choreographed by George Balanchine), Babes in Arms (1937), I Married an Angel (1938), The Boys from Syracuse (1938), Pal Joey (1940), and their last original work, By Jupiter (1942). Rodgers also contributed to the book on several of these shows.


Many of the songs from these shows are still sung and remembered, including "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World", "My Romance", "Little Girl Blue", "I'll Tell the Man in the Street", "There's a Small Hotel", "Where or When", "My Funny Valentine", "The Lady Is a Tramp", "Falling in Love with Love", "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered", and "Wait till You See Her".


In 1939, he wrote the ballet Ghost Town for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, with choreography by Marc Platoff.[4]



Rodgers and Hammerstein





Rodgers (seated) with Hammerstein, 1945


Rodgers' partnership with Hart began having problems because of the lyricist's unreliability and declining health. Rodgers began working with Oscar Hammerstein II, with whom he had previously written songs (before ever working with Lorenz Hart). Their first musical, the groundbreaking hit Oklahoma! (1943), marked the beginning of the most successful partnership in American musical theatre history. Their work revolutionized the musical form. What was once a collection of songs, dances and comic turns held together by a tenuous plot became a fully integrated piece.


The team went on to create four more hits that are among the most popular in musical history. Each was made into a successful film: Carousel (1945), South Pacific (1949, winner of the 1950 Pulitzer Prize for Drama), The King and I (1951), and The Sound of Music (1959). Other shows include the minor hit Flower Drum Song (1958), as well as relative failures Allegro (1947), Me and Juliet (1953) and Pipe Dream (1955). They also wrote the score to the film State Fair (1945) (which was remade in 1962 with Pat Boone), and a special TV musical of Cinderella (1957).


Their collaboration produced many well-known songs, including "Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'", "People Will Say We're in Love", "Oklahoma" (which also became the state song of Oklahoma), "It's A Grand Night For Singing", "If I Loved You", "You'll Never Walk Alone", "It Might as Well Be Spring", "Some Enchanted Evening", "Getting to Know You", "My Favorite Things", "The Sound of Music", "Sixteen Going on Seventeen", "Climb Ev'ry Mountain", "Do-Re-Mi", and "Edelweiss", Hammerstein's last song.




Rodgers was the subject of a two-part special on Ed Sullivan's Toast of the Town television show in 1952.


Much of Rodgers's work with both Hart and Hammerstein was orchestrated by Robert Russell Bennett. Rodgers composed twelve themes, which Bennett used in preparing the orchestra score for the 26-episode World War II television documentary Victory at Sea (1952–53). This NBC production pioneered the "compilation documentary"—programming based on pre-existing footage — and was eventually broadcast in dozens of countries. The melody of the popular song "No Other Love" was later taken from the Victory at Sea theme entitled "Beneath the Southern Cross". Rodgers won an Emmy for the music for the ABC documentary Winston Churchill: The Valiant Years, scored by Eddie Sauter, Hershy Kay, and Robert Emmett Dolan. Rodgers composed the theme music, "March of the Clowns", for the 1963–64 television series The Greatest Show on Earth, which ran for 30 episodes. He also contributed the main-title theme for the 1963–64 historical anthology television series The Great Adventure.


In 1950, Rodgers and Hammerstein received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York." Rodgers, Hammerstein, and Joshua Logan won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for South Pacific.[5] Rodgers and Hammerstein had won a special Pulitzer Prize in 1944 for Oklahoma!.[6]


In 1954, Rodgers conducted the New York Philharmonic Orchestra in excerpts from Victory at Sea, Slaughter on Tenth Avenue and the Carousel Waltz for a special LP released by Columbia Records.


Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals earned a total of 35 Tony Awards, 15 Academy Awards, two Pulitzer Prizes, two Grammy Awards, and two Emmy Awards.



After Hammerstein


After Hammerstein's death in 1960, Rodgers wrote both words and music for his first new Broadway project No Strings (1962, which earned two Tony Awards). The show was a minor hit and featured the song, "The Sweetest Sounds".


Rodgers also wrote both the words and music for two new songs used in the film version of The Sound of Music. (Other songs in that film were from Rodgers and Hammerstein.)


Rodgers went on to work with lyricists: Stephen Sondheim (Do I Hear a Waltz?) who was a protégé of Hammerstein, Martin Charnin (Two by Two, I Remember Mama) and Sheldon Harnick (Rex).


At its 1978 commencement ceremonies, Barnard College awarded Rodgers its highest honor, the Barnard Medal of Distinction.


Rodgers was an honoree at the first Kennedy Center Honors in 1978.


At the 1979 Tony Awards ceremony -- six months before his death -- Rodgers was presented the Lawrence Langner Memorial Award for Distinguished Lifetime Achievement in the American Theatre.



Death and legacy


Rodgers died in 1979 at the age of 77, after surviving cancer of the jaw, a heart attack, and a laryngectomy. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered at sea.


In 1990, the 46th Street Theatre was renamed the Richard Rodgers Theatre in his memory. In 1999, Rodgers and Hart were each commemorated on United States postage stamps. In 2002, the centennial year of Rodgers's birth was celebrated worldwide with books, retrospectives, performances, new recordings of his music, and a Broadway revival of Oklahoma!. The BBC Proms that year devoted an entire evening to Rodgers's music, including a concert performance of Oklahoma! The Boston Pops Orchestra released a new CD that year in tribute to Rodgers, entitled My Favorite Things: A Richard Rodgers Celebration.


Alec Wilder wrote the following about Rodgers:


.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}

Of all the writers whose songs are considered and examined in this book, those of Rodgers show the highest degree of consistent excellence, inventiveness, and sophistication...[A]fter spending weeks playing his songs, I am more than impressed and respectful: I am astonished.[7]


Rodgers is a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame.[8]


Along with the Academy of Arts and Letters, Rodgers also started and endowed an award for non-established musical theater composers to produce new productions either by way of full productions or staged readings. It is the only award for which the Academy of Arts and Letters accepts applications and is presented every year. Below are the previous winners of the award:[9]















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Year
Show
Awardee
2018[10]
Gun and Powder
Ross Baum
Angelica Chéri
KPOP
Jason Kim
Helen Park
Max Vernon
Woodshed Collective
2017
What I Learned from People

Will Aronson

Hue Park
2016
We Live in Cairo
Patrick Lazour
Daniel Lazour
Costs of Living

Timothy Huang

Hadestown

Anaïs Mitchell
2015
String
Adam Gwon
Sarah Hammond
2014

Witness Uganda
Matthew Gould
Griffin Matthews
2013

Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812

Dave Malloy
The Kid Who Would Be Pope
Tom Megan
Jack Megan
2012

Witness Uganda
Matthew Gould
Griffin Matthews
2011

Dogfight

Peter Duchan

Benj Pasek

Justin Paul
Gloryana

Andrew Gerle
2010
Buddy's Tavern

Raymond De Felitta
Alison Louise Hubbard

Kim Oler
Rocket Science
Patricia Cotter
Jason Rhyne
Stephen Weiner
2009
Cheer Wars
Karlan Judd
Gordon Leary
Rosa Parks
Scott Ethier
Jeff Hughes
2008
Alive at Ten
Kirsten A. Guenther

Ryan Scott Oliver
Kingdom
Aaron Jafferis
Ian Williams
See Rock City and Other Destinations

Brad Alexander
Adam Mathias
2007

Calvin Berger
Barry Wyner
Main-Travelled Roads
Dave Hudson
Paul Libman
2006

Grey Gardens

Scott Frankel

Michael Korie

Doug Wright
True Fans
Chris Miller
Bill Rosenfield

Nathan Tysen
Yellow Wood
Michelle Elliott
Danny Larsen
2005
Broadcast
Nathan Christensen
Scott Murphy
Dust & Dreams: Celebrating Sandburg
David Hudson
Paul Libman
Red

Brian Lowdermilk
Marcus Stevens
2004
To Paint the Earth
Daniel Frederick Levin
Jonathan Portera
The Tutor

Andrew Gerle
Maryrose Wood

Unlocked

Sam Carner

Derek Gregor
2003
The Devil in the Flesh
Jeffrey Lunden
Arthur Perlman
Once Upon a Time in New Jersey
Susan DiLallo
Stephen A. Weiner
The Tutor
Andrew Gerle
Maryrose Wood
2002
The Fabulist
David Spencer
Stephen Witkin
The Tutor
Andrew Gerle
Maryrose Wood
2001
Heading East

Leon Ko
Robert Lee

The Spitfire Grill

Fred Alley

James Valcq
2000

Bat Boy

Kaythe Farley

Brian Flemming

Laurence O'Keefe

The Bubbly Black Girl Sheds Her Chameleon Skin

Kirsten Childs
Suburb
Robert S. Cohen

David Javerbaum
1999

Bat Boy

Kaythe Farley

Brian Flemming

Laurence O'Keefe
Blood on the Dining Room Floor
Jonathan Sheffer
The Bubbly Black Girl Sheds Her Chameleon Skin
Kirsten Childs
Dream True: My Life with Vernon Dexter

Ricky Ian Gordon

Tina Landau
The Singing

Lenora Champagne
Daniel Levy
1998

Little Women
Alison Hubbard

Allan Knee

Kim Oler
Summer
Erik Haagensen
Paul Schwartz
1997
The Ballad of Little Jo

Mike Reid
Sarah Schlesinger
Barrio Babies
Fernand Rivas

Luis Santeiro

Violet
Brian Crawley

Jeanine Tesori
1996
Bobos

James McBride
Ed Shockley
The Hidden Sky
Kate Chisholm
Peter Foley
The Princess & the Blac
Andy Chuckerman
Karole Foreman
1995
Spendora
Mark Campbell
Stephen Hoffman
Peter Webb
1994
Doll (not produced)

Scott Frankel

Michael Korie
The Gig

Douglas Cohen

Rent

Jonathan Larson
The Sweet Revenge of…
Mark Campbell
Burton Cohen
Stephen Hoffman
1993
Allos Makar

Scott Frankel

Michael Korie
Valeria Vasilevsky
Avenue X
John Jiler
Ray Leslee
Christina Alberta's
Polly Pen
They Shoot Horses…
Nagle Jackson
Robert Sprayberry
1992
Avenue X
John Jiler
Ray Leslee
The Molly Maquires
Sid Cherry
William Strempek
1991
Opal
Robert N. Lindsey
The Times

Joe Keenan
Brad Ross
1990
Down the Stream
Michael Goldenberg
Swamp Gas and Shallow Feelings
Randy Buck
Shirlee Strother
Jack E. Williams
Whatnot
Howard Crabtree

Dick Gallagher
Mark Waldrop
1989

Juan Darien

Elliot Goldenthal

Julie Taymor
1988

Lucky Stiff

Lynn Ahrens

Stephen Flaherty
Sheila Levine is Dead ...
Michael Devon
Todd Graff

Superbia

Jonathan Larson
1987
Henry and Ellen

Michael John LaChiusa

Lucky Stiff

Lynn Ahrens

Stephen Flaherty
No Way to Treat A Lady

Douglas J. Cohen
1986
Break/Agnes/Eulogy

Michael John LaChiusa
Juba
Wendy Lamb
Russell Walden
1984

Brownstone
Andrew Cadiff
Peter Larson
Josh Rubens
Papushko
Andrew Teirstein
1982
Portrait of Jennie
Enid Futterman
Howard Marren
Dennis Rosa
1981
Child of the Sun
Damien Leake
1980
Nine (not produced)
Maro Fratti

Maury Yeston


Relationship with performers




Rodgers and Hammerstein and Berlin and Tamiris NYWTS


Rosemary Clooney recorded a version of "Falling in Love with Love" by Rodgers, using a swing style. After the recording session Richard Rodgers told her pointedly that it should be sung as a waltz.[11] The 1961 doo-wop arrangement of the Rodgers and Hart song "Blue Moon" by The Marcels so incensed Rodgers that he took out full page newspaper ads urging people not to buy it. His efforts were unsuccessful as it reached #1 on the charts.[12] After Doris Day recorded "I Have Dreamed" in 1961, he wrote to her and her arranger, James Harbert, that theirs was the most beautiful rendition of his song he had ever heard.


After Peggy Lee recorded her version of "Lover", a Rodgers song with a dramatically different arrangement from that originally conceived by him, Rodgers said, "I don't know why Peggy picked on me, she could have fucked up Silent Night".[13]Mary Martin said that Richard Rodgers composed songs for her for South Pacific, knowing she had a small vocal range, and the songs generally made her look her best. She also said that Rodgers and Hammerstein listened to all her suggestions and she worked extremely well with them.[14] Both Rodgers and Hammerstein wanted Doris Day for the lead in the film version of South Pacific and she reportedly wanted the part. They discussed it with her, but after her manager/husband Martin Melcher would not budge on his demand for a high salary for her, the role went to Mitzi Gaynor.



Advocacy for Writers' Rights



In 1943, Richard Rodgers became the ninth president of the Dramatists Guild of America



Personal life


In 1930, Rodgers married Dorothy Belle Feiner (1909–92).[15] Their daughter, Mary (1931–2014), was the composer of Once Upon a Mattress and an author of children's books.[16] The Rodgerses later lost a daughter at birth. Another daughter, Linda (1935–2015), also had a brief career as a songwriter. Mary's son and Richard Rodgers's grandson, Adam Guettel (b. 1964), also a musical theatre composer, won Tony Awards for Best Score and Best Orchestrations for The Light in the Piazza in 2005.
Peter Melnick (b. 1958), Linda Rodgers's son, is the composer of Adrift In Macao, which debuted at the Philadelphia Theatre Company in 2005 and was produced Off-Broadway in 2007.


Rodgers was an atheist.[17] He was prone to depression and alcohol abuse, and was at one time hospitalized. He was also well known as a serial womanizer.[18]



Shows with music by Rodgers



Lyrics by Lorenz Hart



  • One Minute Please


  • Fly with Me (1920)


  • Poor Little Ritz Girl (1920)


  • The Melody Man (1924)


  • The Garrick Gaieties (1925–26)


  • Dearest Enemy (1925)


  • The Girl Friend (1926)


  • Peggy-Ann (1926)


  • Betsy (1926)


  • A Connecticut Yankee (1927)


  • She's My Baby (1928)


  • Present Arms (1928)


  • Chee-Chee (1928)


  • Spring Is Here (1929)


  • Heads Up! (1929)


  • Ever Green (1930)


  • Simple Simon (1930)


  • America's Sweetheart (1931)


  • Love Me Tonight (1932)


  • Jumbo (1935)


  • On Your Toes (1936)


  • Babes in Arms (1937)


  • I'd Rather Be Right (1937)


  • I Married an Angel (1938)


  • The Boys from Syracuse (1938)


  • Too Many Girls (1939)


  • Higher and Higher (1940)


  • Pal Joey (1940–41)


  • By Jupiter (1942)


  • Rodgers & Hart (1975), Rodgers and Hart revue musical



Lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II




  • Oklahoma! (1943)


  • Carousel (1945)


  • State Fair (1945) (film)


  • Allegro (1947)


  • South Pacific (1949)


  • The King and I (1951)


  • Me and Juliet (1953)


  • Pipe Dream (1955)


  • Cinderella (1957)


  • Flower Drum Song (1958)


  • The Sound of Music (1959)


  • A Grand Night for Singing (1993), Rodgers and Hammerstein revue musical


  • State Fair (1996) (musical)



Other lyricists and solo works




  • Victory at Sea (1952) (Robert Russell Bennett)


  • No Strings (1962) (lyrics by Rodgers)


  • Do I Hear a Waltz? (1965) (Stephen Sondheim)


  • Androcles and the Lion (TV) (1967) (lyrics by Rodgers)


  • Two by Two (1970) (Martin Charnin)


  • Rex (1976) (Sheldon Harnick)


  • I Remember Mama (1979) (Martin Charnin/Raymond Jessel)



Wider influence



  • The Internet Movie Database lists 276 film and TV soundtracks using songs by Rodgers, as well as 46 films and TV events that credit him as the composer.

  • In 1960, the saxophonist John Coltrane recorded a jazz version of "My Favorite Things" from The Sound of Music whose rich modal improvisations proved germane. The tune became a regular part of his repertoire.

  • The entry "You'll Never Walk Alone" (from Carousel) discusses in detail the many cover versions of this song, and its extraordinary popularity with professional soccer teams and their fans. It was the first song ever sung by soccer fans, first being adopted by the Liverpool fans in November 1963 and then widely copied by other fans since then as their anthem.


  • Jerry Lewis ended his Labor Day telethon by singing "You'll Never Walk Alone".

  • "Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin'" from Oklahoma! is sometimes mistaken for a traditional folk song.

  • "Happy Talk" is covered by Daniel Johnston and Jad Fair. Captain Sensible did a jaunty rendition in the 1980s, complete with burlesque organ. The British rapper Dizzee Rascal uses the chorus of this song.

  • Several professional awards in musical theater are named for Rodgers.



References





  1. ^ Hyland, William G: Richard Rodgers. Chapter 1. Yale University Press, 1998


  2. ^ Richard Rodgers, Musical Stages: An Autobiography (2002 Reissue), pp. 12,20–21,44, DaCapo Press, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
    ISBN 0-306-81134-0



  3. ^ Rodgers & Hammerstein as mystery guests on What's My Line?, Feb 19, 1956, video on YouTube


  4. ^ Anna Kisselgoff, "DANCE REVIEW; Rodgers As Ideal Dance Partner", The New York Times, October 23, 2002.


  5. ^ "Drama". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2013-12-03.


  6. ^ "Special Awards and Citations". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved December 3, 2013.


  7. ^ Wilder, Alec, 1973. American Popular Song: The Great Innovators, 1900–1950, Oxford University Press: 163.
    ISBN 0-19-501445-6.



  8. ^ "Theater Hall of Fame members". Retrieved February 9, 2014.


  9. ^ "Awards". American Academy of Arts and Letters.


  10. ^ "Two Musicals Win Richard Rodgers Awards" (Press release). American Academy of Arts and Letters. March 23, 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-23.


  11. ^ Lehman, David (2009). A Fine Romance. New York: Random House. p. 140,249. ISBN 0-8052-4250-3.


  12. ^ The Marcels By Marv Goldberg Marv Goldberg 2006. 2009.


  13. ^ Lehman, p. 140.


  14. ^ Lehman, p. 142–43.


  15. ^ "Dorothy Rodgers". Rodgers and Hammerstein. Retrieved 15 April 2017.


  16. ^ Simonson, Robert (June 26, 2014). "Mary Rodgers, Composer of Once Upon a Mattress and Daughter of Broadway Royalty, Dies at 83". Playbill. Retrieved 2018-08-23.


  17. ^ Rodgers' biographer William G Hyland states: "That Richard Rodgers would recall, at the very beginning of his memoirs, his great-grandmother's death and its religious significance for his family suggests his need to justify his own religious alienation. Richard became an atheist, and as a parent he resisted religious instruction for his children. According to his wife, Dorothy, he felt that religion was based on "fear" and contributed to "feelings of guilt." " Richard Rodgers, Yale University Press 1998,
    ISBN 0-300-07115-9. Chapter 1 at The New York Times Books (accessed April 30, 2008).



  18. ^ Riedel, Michael (August 17, 2001). "Music Man's Demons". New York Post. Retrieved 2018-08-23.




Further reading



  • Secrest, Meryle (2001). Somewhere For Me. Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc. ISBN 1-55783-581-0.


External links









  • Richard Rodgers at the Internet Broadway Database Edit this at Wikidata


  • Richard Rodgers on IMDb


  • Biography from the Rodgers and Hammerstein organization

  • City Journal article on Rodgers

  • Centennial features on Rodgers

  • The Richard Rodgers Collection at the Library of Congress


  • Richard Rodgers papers, 1914–1989, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts

  • Musicals by Rodgers and Hammerstein

  • TimeLine of Rodgers' Life

  • Review and analysis of Rodgers' later plays


  • "American Masters: Richard Rodgers Biography". PBS. Retrieved 2007-03-28.

  • A feature on Rodgers and Hammerstein.


  • Richard Rodgers at Library of Congress Authorities















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