Zosteraceae

































Zosteraceae

Zostera marina nf clean.jpg

Zostera marina, from Lindman (1917-1926)

Scientific classification edit
Kingdom:
Plantae

Clade:
Angiosperms

Clade:
Monocots
Order:
Alismatales
Family:
Zosteraceae
Dumort.[1][2]
Genera


  • Phyllospadix

  • Zostera



Zosteraceae (one of the four seagrasses families, Kubitzki ed. 1998) is a family of marine perennial flowering plants found in temperate and subtropical coastal waters, with the highest diversity located around Korea and Japan. Most seagrasses complete their entire life cycle under water,[3] having filamentous pollen especially adapted to dispersion in an aquatic environment and ribbon-like leaves that lack stomata. Seagrasses are herbaceous and have prominent creeping rhizomes. A distinctive characteristic of the family is the presence of characteristic retinacules, which are present in all species except members of Zostera subgenus Zostera.


Zosteraceae has long been accepted by taxonomists as monophyletic. The APG II system of 2003 recognizes this family and places it in the monocot order Alismatales. The family contains approximately fourteen species divided between two genera, Phyllospadix and Zostera totalling 22 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 [4]). Zostera contains three subgenera: Heterozostera (formerly considered a separate genus [5]), Zostera and Zosterella.[6] Zosteraceae is closely related to Potamogetonaceae, a family of freshwater aquatics.


Zosteraceae is a conserved name.




Contents






  • 1 Taxonomy


  • 2 References


  • 3 Further reading


  • 4 External links





Taxonomy


Marine grasses families: Zosteraceae, Cymodoceaceae, Ruppiaceae and Posidoniaceae. Related families: Potamogetonaceae and sometimes including Zannichelliaceae.













































































Families and Genera crosses (Sea grasses)
Kubitzki (ed. 1998[7])
 Watson & Dallwitz (delta-intkey)[8]
 data.kew[9]
 APWeb (mobot.org)[10]
Zosteraceae
1. Zostera L. Zostera
Zostera L.
Zostera L. (including Heterozostera den Hartog, Macrozostera Tomlinson & Posluzny, Nanozostera Tomlinson & Posluzny, Zosterella J. K. Small)
2. Heterozostera den Hartog Heterozostera
Heterozostera (Setch.) Hartog		 (in Zostera)
3. Phyllospadix Hook. Phyllospadix
Phyllospadix Hook.
Phyllospadix J. D. Hooker

Cymodoceaceae
1. Syringodium Kütz
 Syringodium
Syringodium Kutz.		 (in Cymodocea)
2. Halodule Endl. Halodule
Halodule Endl.
Halodule Endlicher
3. Cymodocea König Cymodocea
Cymodocea K.Koenig (including Phycoschoenus (Asch.) Nakai )
Cymodocea König (including Amphibolis Agardh ?, Syringodium Kütz. ?, Thalassodendron den Hartog ?)
4. Amphibolis Agardh Amphibolis
Amphibolis C.Agardh (including Pectinella J.M.Black)		 (in Cymodocea)
5. Thalassodendron de Hartog (name not found)
Thalassodendron Hartog		 (in Cymodocea)

Ruppiaceae

Ruppia L.		 Ruppia (in Ruppia L. in Potamogetonaceae)
Ruppia L.

Posidoniaceae

Posidonia König		 Posidonia
Posidonia K.Koenig
Posidonia König

















































































Families and Genera crosses (Potamogetonaceae)
Kubitzki (ed. 1998[11])
 Watson & Dallwitz (delta-intkey)[12]
 data.kew[13]
 APWeb (mobot.org)[14]

Potamogetonaceae
1. Potamogeton L. Potamogeton
Potamogeton L.
Potamogeton L. (including Coleogeton Les & Haynes, Stuckenia Börner)
2. Groenlandia J. Gray Groenlandia
Groenlandia J.Gay
Groenlandia J. Gay
(in Ruppia in Ruppiaceae) (in Ruppia in Ruppiaceae)
Ruppia L.		 (in Ruppia in Ruppiaceae)
(in Althenia: Zannichelliaceae and Lepilaena: Zannichelliaceae) (in Althenia: Zannichelliaceae and Lepilaena: Zannichelliaceae) (in Althenia F.Petit: Zannichelliaceae and Lepilaena J.L.Drumm. ex Harv.:Zannichelliaceae)
Althenia Petit (including Lepilaena Harvey)
(in Pseudalthenia including Vleisia: Zannichelliaceae) (in Pseudalthenia: Zannichelliaceae and Vleisia: Zannichelliaceae) (Pseudalthenia not found, Vleisia Toml. & Posl.: Zannichelliaceae)
Pseudalthenia Nakai (including Vleisia Tomlinson & Posluszny)
(in Zannichellia L.: Zannichelliaceae) (in Zannichellia: Zannichelliaceae) (in Zannichellia L.: Zannichelliaceae)
Zannichellia L.

Zannichelliaceae
1. Zannichellia L. Zannichellia
Zannichellia L.		 (in Zannichellia L.: Potamogetonaceae)
2. Pseudalthenia Nakai (including Vleisia)
Pseudalthenia (excluding Vleisia)		 (name not found) (in Pseudalthenia: Potamogetonaceae)
3. Althenia Petit (excluding Lepilaena Drumm. ex. Harv.)
Althenia (excluding Lepilaena)
Althenia F.Petit (excluding Lepilaena J.L.Drumm. ex Harv.)
Althenia Petit (including Lepilaena Harvey)
4. Lepilaena Drumm. ex. Harv. Lepilaena
Lepilaena J.L.Drumm. ex Harv.		 (in Althenia Petit)
(in Pseudalthenia) Vleisia
Vleisia Toml. & Posl.		 (in Pseudalthenia: Potamogetonaceae)



References





  1. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-07-06..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Dumortier (1829). Analyse des Familles de Plantes : avec l'indication des principaux genres qui s'y rattachent. Tournay.


  3. ^ Ackerman, JD (1997). "Submarine pollination in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina (Zosteraceae) I: The influence of floral morphology on fluid flow". American Journal of Botany. Botanical Society of America. 84 (8): 1099–1109. doi:10.2307/2446153. JSTOR 2446153. Retrieved 2007-06-02.


  4. ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.


  5. ^ Jacobs, S.W.L.; Lee, D.H. (2009). "New combinations in Zostera (Zosteraceae)". Telopea. 12: 419–423. doi:10.7751/telopea20095827.


  6. ^ Les, D.H., Moody, M.L., Jacob, S.W.L. and Bayer, R.J. (2002). "Systematics of Seagrasses (Zosteraceae) in Australia and New Zealand" (abstract). Systematic Botany. 27 (3): 468–484. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-27.3.468.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)


  7. ^ Kubitzki (ed.) 1998. The families and genera of vascular plants, vol 4, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.


  8. ^ Watson & Dallwitz. Zosteraceae. The families of flowering plants. http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/zosterac.htm


  9. ^ "Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of genera in family Cymodoceaceae". data.kew.org. Kew Royal Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 2016-06-02.


  10. ^ Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of Genera in Cymodoceaceae (accessed 2016-06-02)


  11. ^ Kubitzki (ed.) 1998. The families and genera of vascular plants, vol 4, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.


  12. ^ Watson & Dallwitz. Potamogetonaceae. The families of flowering plants. http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/potamoge.htm


  13. ^ "Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of genera in family Potamogetonaceae". data.kew.org. Kew Royal Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 2016-06-02.


  14. ^ Vascular Plant Families and Genera. List of Genera in Potamogetonaceae (accessed 2016-06-02)




Further reading


Waycott, M, McMahon, K, Lavery, P 2014, A Guide to Southern Temperate Seagrasses, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, ISBN 9781486300150



External links












  • Zosteraceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards).


  • The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 27 April 2006.

  • Zosteraceae in the Flora of North America

  • NCBI Taxonomy Browser

  • links at CSDL, Texas









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