Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem)




Not to be confused with Dome of the Rock or Mosque of Omar (Bethlehem).




































Mosque of Omar

Umar Mosque,Jerusalem123.jpg
Minaret of the Mosque next to the courtyard of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre



Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem) is located in Jerusalem
Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem)


Shown within Jerusalem

Basic information
Location Jerusalem
Geographic coordinates
31°46′40.21″N 35°13′46.52″E / 31.7778361°N 35.2295889°E / 31.7778361; 35.2295889Coordinates: 31°46′40.21″N 35°13′46.52″E / 31.7778361°N 35.2295889°E / 31.7778361; 35.2295889
Affiliation Islam
Territory
Christian Quarter of Old City of Jerusalem
Completed 1193
Specifications

Minaret(s)		 1
Minaret height 15 metres

The Ayyubid Mosque of Omar (Arabic: مسجد عمر بن الخطاب‎) in Jerusalem is located opposite the southern courtyard of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Muristan area of the Christian Quarter.




Contents






  • 1 The first (eastern) Mosque of Omar


  • 2 The current (southern) Mosque of Omar


  • 3 The two mosques flanking the Holy Sepulchre


  • 4 Gallery


  • 5 Bibliography


  • 6 References





The first (eastern) Mosque of Omar


According to later documents, after the Siege of Jerusalem in 637 by the Rashidun army under the command of Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, Patriarch Sophronius refused to surrender except to the Caliph Omar (579-644) himself. Omar travelled to Jerusalem and accepted the surrender. He then visited the Church of the Resurrection (today better known as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre) where Sophronius invited him to pray inside the church, but Omar declined so as not to set a precedent and thereby endanger the church's status as a Christian site. Instead he prayed outside, on the steps east of the church,[1]
in a place where David was believed to have prayed.[citation needed] The first Mosque of Omar was later built at that site, as evidenced by a stone plate with a Kufic inscription found in 1897 in the area of the eastern or outer atrium of the Constantinian (4th-century) Church of the Resurrection, defining this area as a mosque.[1]



The current (southern) Mosque of Omar


The current Mosque of Omar was built in its current shape by the Ayyubid Sultan Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din in 1193 to commemorate the prayer of the caliph Omar.[2] The current mosque is located at a different site than the one where Omar is believed to have prayed and where the earlier mosque was located, since it stands to the south of the church rather than to the east of it. This new position is likely due to the fact that the entrance to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre had by then moved from the east to the south of the church, as a result of repeated destructive events that affected the Holy Sepulchre during the 11th and 12th centuries.[1]


The Ayyubid mosque has a 15 metres (49 ft) high minaret that was built sometime before 1465 during the Mamluk period, maybe after the 1458 earthquake,[2] and was renovated by Ottoman sultan Abdulmecid I (1839–1860).



The two mosques flanking the Holy Sepulchre


The Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque, located on the other (northern) side of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, has an almost identical minaret, erected in 1418.[3][2] The two minarets were obviously designed as a pair, and it is interesting to notice that a line connecting the two minarets would intersect the door of the Tomb of Jesus inside the church, while the minarets are equidistant to that door[3] and their tops reach the exact same elevation, despite starting at different ground levels.[2]Murphy-O'Connor suggests that the Mamluk rulers may have had the intention "to 'nullify' the Holy Sepulchre", since in Islam the belief is of Allah physically raising Jesus into heaven, while it does not support the notion of his crucifixion and death.[2]



Gallery






  • In this 1915 map, the Mosque appears south of the Holy Sepulchre in Muristan, near the vertical middle of the map.







  • The Mosque has been reserved for religious activities







  • Minaret






Bibliography


  • Busse, Heribert, Die 'Umar-Moschee im östlichen Atrium der Grabeskirche (lit. "The Mosque of 'Umar in the eastern atrium of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre"), Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins, 109 (1993), pp. 73-82.


References





  1. ^ abc Krüger, Jürgen (2000). Die Grabeskirche zu Jerusalem : Geschichte, Gestalt, Bedeutung [The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem: History, Form, Importance] (in German). Regensburg: Schnell und Steiner. pp. 72–73. ISBN 3-7954-1273-0. Retrieved 29 May 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ abcde Murphy-O’Connor, Jerome (2008). The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700. Oxford Archaeological Guides. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-19-923666-4. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
    Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MurphyOConnor" defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).



  3. ^ ab El Khanqah-Moschee in Jerusalem (German text and pictures at theologische-links.de)
















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