Wsrtjtyk

Zakopane
View of Zakopane from Butorowy Wierch
Coat of arms
Zakopane
Coordinates: 49°18′N 19°57′E / 49.300°N 19.950°E / 49.300; 19.950
Country	Poland
Voivofdeship	Lesser Poland
County	Tatra
Gmina	Zakopane (urban gmina)
Established	17th century
Town rights	1933
Government
• Mayor	Leszek Dorula
Area
• Total	84 km2 (32 sq mi)
Highest elevation	1,126 m (3,694 ft)
Lowest elevation	750 m (2,460 ft)
Population (2006)
• Total	27,424[1]
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	34-500 to 34-504
Area code(s)	+48 18
Car plates	KTT
Website	www.zakopane.eu

Zakopane is a town in the extreme south of Poland, in the southern part of the Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains. From 1975 to 1998 it was part of Nowy Sącz Province; since 1999 it has been part of Lesser Poland Province. As of 2016 its population was 27,424.

Zakopane is a center of Góral culture and is often referred to as "the winter capital of Poland”. It is a popular destination for mountaineering, skiing, and tourism.

Zakopane lies near Poland's border with Slovakia, in a valley between the Tatra Mountains and Gubałówka Hill. It can be reached by train or bus from the province capital, Kraków, about two hours away. Zakopane lies 800–1,000 meters above sea level and centers on the intersection of its Krupówki and Kościuszko Streets.

History

A postcard of Zakopane from 1916

The earliest documents mentioning Zakopane date to the 17th century, describing a glade called Zakopisko. In 1676 it was a village of 43 inhabitants. In 1818 Zakopane was a small town that was still being developed. There were only 340 homes that held 445 families. The population of Zakopane at that time was 1,805. 934 women and 871 men lived in Zakopane.^[2] The first church was built in 1847, by Józef Stolarczyk.^[2] Zakopane became a center for the region's mining and metallurgy industries; in the 19th century, it was the largest center for metallurgy in Galicia. It expanded during the 19th century as the climate attracted more inhabitants. By 1889 it had developed from a small village into a climatic health resort. Rail service to Zakopane began October 1, 1899. In the late 1800s Zakopane constructed a road that went to the town of Nowy Targ, and railways that came from Chabówka.^[2] Because of easier transportation the population of Zakopane had increased to about 3,000 people by the end of the 1900s.^[2] In the 19th century, the Krupówki street was just a narrow beaten path that was meant for people to get from the central part of town to Kuźnice.

The ski jump on Wielka Krokiew was opened in 1925.
The cable car to Kasprowy Wierch was completed in 1936.
The funicular connected Zakopane and the top of Gubałówka in 1938.

Because of Zakopane's popular ski mountains, the town gained popularity this made the number of tourists increase to about 60,000 people by 1930.^[2]

In March 1940, representatives of the Soviet NKVD and the Nazi Gestapo met for one week in Zakopane's Villa Tadeusz, to coordinate the pacification of resistance in Poland. Throughout World War II, Zakopane served as an underground staging point between Poland and Hungary.

From 1942 to 1943, 1,000 prisoners from the German Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp were set to work in a stone quarry.^[3]

Architecture

The Zakopane Style of Architecture is an architectural mode inspired by the regional art of Poland’s highland region known as Podhale.^[4] Drawing on the motifs and traditions in the buildings of the Carpathian Mountains, the style was pioneered by Stanislaw Witkiewicz and is now considered a core tradition of the Góral people.^[5]

Sports

The Tatras are a popular destination among hikers, skiers, ski-tourers and climbers.

Mountaineering

There is a network of well marked hiking trails in the Tatras and according to the national park regulations the hikers must stick to them. Most of these trails are overcrowded, especially in the summer season.

The High Tatras offer excellent opportunities for climbing (up to X UIAA grade).

Zakopane and the Tatra Mountains. View from Gubałówka

In summer, lightning and snow are both potential hazards for climbers, and the weather can change quickly. Thunderstorms are common in the afternoons. In winter the snow can be up to several meters deep.

Skiing

In the winter, thousands arrive in Zakopane to ski, especially around Christmas and in February. The most popular skiing areas are Kasprowy Wierch and Gubałówka.^[6] There are a number of cross country skiing trails in the forests surrounding the town.

Zakopane hosted the Nordic World Ski Championships in 1929, 1939, and 1962; the winter Universiades in 1956, 1993, and 2001; the biathlon World Championship; several ski jumping world cups; and several Nordic combined, Nordic and Alpine European Cups. It hosted the Alpine World Ski Championships in 1939, the first outside the Alps and the last official world championships prior to World War II.^{[citation needed]}

Zakopane made unsuccessful bids to host the 2006 Winter Olympics and the 2011 and 2013 Alpine World Ski Championships.

Tourism

Gubałówka Hill funicular

Zakopane is visited by over 2,500,000 tourists a year.^{[citation needed]} In the winter, Zakopanes tourists are interested in winter sports activities such as skiing, snowboarding, ski jumping, snowmobiling, sleigh rides, snowshoe walks, and Ice skating.^[7] During the summer, Tourists come to do activities like hiking, climbing, bike and horse ride the Tatras mountain, there are many trails in the Tatras.^[7] Tourists ride quads and dirt bikes that you can rent. Swimming and boat rides on the Dunajec river is popular.^[7] Many come to experience góral culture, which is rich in its unique styles of food, speech, architecture, music, and costume. Zakopane is especially popular during the winter holidays, which are celebrated in traditional style, with dances, decorated horse-pulled sleighs called kuligs and roast lamb.

A popular tourist activity is taking a stroll through the town's most popular street: Krupówki. It is lined with stores, restaurants, carnival rides, and performers.

During the winter and summer seasons, Krupówki Street is crowded with tourists visiting the shops and restaurants.^[7] In the summer, a local market along Krupówki Street offers traditional góral apparel, leather jackets, fur coats, shoes, and purses.^[7] Venders also sell foods like the famous oscypek smoked sheep cheese, fruit, vegetables, and meats. There are also many stands with Zakopane souvenirs.^[7]

Zakopane is popular for night life. At night there are always people walking around town checking out the different bars and dance clubs. Most of these bars and dance clubs are located on the Krupowki street. These are the bars that are located in Zakopane: Paparazzi, Cafe Piano, Anemone, Anemone, Cafe Antrakt, Literatka, Winoteka Pod Berlami, and Karczma u Ratownikow. These are dance clubs located in Zakopane: Vavaboom, Finlandia Arctic, Genesis, Rockus, Morskie Oko, and Cocomo Go Go Club.[2]

A scene in Andrzej Wajda's film Man of Marble (Człowiek z marmuru) was filmed in Zakopane, introducing the town to a worldwide audience.

The mountain scenes from the Bollywood film Fanaa were filmed around Zakopane.

International relations

Krupówki Street

Romanesque Revival Church of the Holy Family

Twin towns

Zakopane participates in town twinning to foster international links.

• 
  Bansko, Bulgaria
  


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  San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina)^{[citation needed]}
  


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  Bavel (Netherlands)


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  Polonezköy, Turkey
  


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  Poprad, Slovakia
  


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  Saint-Dié-des-Vosges (France)


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  Sopot, Poland
  


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  Stryi, Ukraine
  


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  Vysoké Tatry, Slovakia
  


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  Siegen, Germany
  

Notable structures

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  COS Zakopane speed-skating rink
  


• Gubałówka Hill Funicular


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  Kasprowy Wierch cable car
  


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  Wielka Krokiew ski jumping ramp


• Zakopane-Gubałówka funicular

Notable residents

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  Tytus Chałubiński (1820 – 1889 in Zakopane), Polish physician and co-founder of the Polish Tatra Society
  


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  Klemens Bachleda (1851-1910), Polish mountain guide and mountain rescuer, worked from Zakopane


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  Stanisław Witkiewicz, (1851 – 1915) Polish painter, architect, writer and art theoretician
  


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  Jan Kasprowicz, (1860 – 1926) poet, playwright, critic and translator; a foremost representative of Young Poland
  


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  Mariusz Zaruski, (1867–1941) Polish Brigadier-General, a pioneer of Polish sports yachting, a climber of the Tatra Mountains, a photographer, painter, poet and writer, a seamen and traveler, a conspirator and a devoted social activist, sportsman and teacher.


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  Jerzy Żuławski, (1874 – 1915) Polish literary figure, philosopher, translator, alpinist and nationalist


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  Władysław Orkan, (1875 – 1930) Polish writer from the Young Poland period


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  Mieczysław Karłowicz, (1876 – 1909) Polish composer, conductor, mountaineer and photographer of the Tatra Mountains
  


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  Karol Szymanowski, (1882 – 1937) Polish composer and pianist, member of the modernist movement Young Poland; his house in Zakopane, the Villa Atma, is now a museum


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  Kornel Makuszyński, (1884 – 1953) Polish writer of children's and youth literature, elected member of the Polish Academy of Literature in the interwar Poland


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  Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (1885 – 1939), Witkacy, Polish writer, painter, philosopher, playwright, novelist, and photographer.


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  Olga Drahonowska-Małkowska, (1888 – 1979 in Zakopane), with her husband, founded scouting in Poland


• Count Edward Bernard Raczyński (1891 – 1993) Polish diplomat, writer, politician and President of Poland in exile


• 
  Anna Zofia Krygowska (1904–1988) Polish mathematician, known for her work in mathematics education.


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  Stanisław Marusarz (1913 in Zakopane – 1993 in Zakopane) Polish Nordic skiing competitor in the 1930s.


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  Wawrzyniec Żuławski (1916 in Zakopane – 1957) Wawa Polish alpinist, educator, composer, music critic, and musicologist


• 
  Władysław Hasior, (1928 – 1999) Polish contemporary sculptor from Podhale region, a painter and theatre set designer


• 
  Jan Wojciech Bachleda-Curuś (1951 in Zakopane – 2009) Polish alpine skier who competed in the 1976 Winter Olympics
  


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  Andrzej Gąsienica-Makowski (born 1952 in Zakopane) Polish politician who led the Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms
  


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  Janusz Waluś (born 1953 in Zakopane) in 1993 assassinated Chris Hani, General Secretary of the South African Communist Party
  


• 
  Liz Glazowski, (born 1957 in Zakopane) Polish-American model, Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month in April 1980


• 
  Małgorzata Babiarz, (born 1984 in Zakopane) professionally known as Megitza is a singer, double bass player and composer.


• 
  Kamil Stoch, (born 1987 in Zakopane) Polish ski jumper, world champion and three times Olympic gold medalist.

Notable visitors

• 
  Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846–1916)^[8]
  


• 
  Bolesław Prus (1847 – 1912)^[9]
  


• 
  Joseph Conrad (1857 – 1924)^[10]
  


• 
  Stefan Żeromski (1864 – 1925)^[11]
  


• 
  Bronisława Dłuska, (1865 – 1939) Polish physician, older sister of physicist Marie Curie^[11]
  


• 
  Marie Curie (1867 – 1934)^[12]
  


• 
  Józef Piłsudski (1867 – 1935)^[10]
  


• 
  Alfred Döblin (1878 – 1957)^[13]
  


• 
  Aniela Zagórska (1881 – 1943) niece of Joseph Conrad^[14]
  


• 
  Rudolf Weigl (1883 – 1957)^[15]
  


• 
  Edward Rydz-Śmigły (1886 – 1941), Marshal of Poland, who painted some Zakopane sights
  


• 
  Artur Rubinstein (1887 – 1982)^[10]
  


• 
  Krystyna Skarbek (1908 – 1952)^[16]
  


• 
  Prince Charles (born 1948)^[17]
  

Gallery

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  Villa Staszeczkówka Hotel
  

  
  

  
  


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  Villa Oksza art gallery
  

  
  

  
  


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  Koliba villa
  

  
  

  
  


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  Interior of Koliba
  

  
  

  
  


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  Jaszczurówka Chapel
  

  
  

  
  


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  Pod Jedlami villa
  

  
  

  
  


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  Karol Szymanowski Museum at the Villa Atma
  

  
  

  
  


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  Zakopane - view from Gubałówka Hill (Tatra mountains in the background)
  

  
  

  
  


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  Wielka Krokiew ski jumping hill
  

  
  

  
  


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  Zakopane - Gubałówka Hill ski run
  

  
  

  
  


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  Zakopane - Gubałówka Hill: a nursery ski run
  

  
  

  
  


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  Zakopane - Gubałówka Hill funicular entrance
  

  
  

  
  


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  Church of the Holy Family
  

  
  

  
  


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  Zakopane at night
  

  
  

  
  


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  Katyń Memorial in Peksów Brzyzek Cemetery
  

  
  

  
  


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  Traditional wooden shrine
  

  
  

  
  


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  Villa Konstantynówka, lodging of Joseph Conrad in 1914
  

  
  

  
  


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  Traditional oscypek cheese
  

  
  

  
  

See also

Notes

Bibliography

• Stanisław Kasztelowicz and Stanisław Eile, Stefan Żeromski: kalendarz życia i twórczości (Stefan Żeromski: A Calendar of His Life and Work), Kraków, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1961.


• 
  Zdzisław Najder, Joseph Conrad: A Life, translated by Halina Najder, Rochester, New York, Camden House, 2007,
  ISBN 1-57113-347-X.


• Krystyna Tokarzówna and Stanisław Fita, Bolesław Prus, 1847–1912: Kalendarz życia i twórczości (Bolesław Prus, 1847–1912: A Calendar of His Life and Work), edited by Zygmunt Szweykowski, Warsaw, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1969.

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Zakopane.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zakopane.

• Official website


• Zakopane


• 
  Jewish Community in Zakopane on Virtual Shtetl


• General information


• An English guide to Zakopane


• Twin towns

Coordinates: 49°18′N 19°58′E / 49.300°N 19.967°E / 49.300; 19.967