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1865 United Kingdom general election
	; ;
	; ← outgoing members; ; ; elected members →;
; All 658 seats in the House of Commons; 330 seats needed for a majority
; Prime Minister before election; Viscount Palmerston; Liberal; ;	; Appointed Prime Minister ; Viscount Palmerston; Liberal; ;

The 1865 United Kingdom general election saw the Liberals, led by Lord Palmerston, increase their large majority over the Earl of Derby's Conservatives to more than 80. The Whig Party changed its name to the Liberal Party between the previous election and this one.

Palmerston died in October the same year and was succeeded by Lord John Russell as Prime Minister.^[1] Despite the Liberal majority, the party was divided by the issue of further parliamentary reform, and Russell resigned after being defeated in a vote in the House of Commons in 1866, leading to minority Conservative governments under Derby and then Benjamin Disraeli.

This was the last United Kingdom general election where a party increased its majority after having been returned to office at the previous election with a reduced majority.

Corruption

The 1865 general election was regarded by contemporaries as being a generally dull contest nationally, which exaggerated the degree of corruption within individual constituencies. In his PhD thesis, Cornelius O'Leary described The Times as having reported "the testimony is unanimous that in the General Election of 1865 there was more profuse and corrupt expenditure than was ever known before".^[2] As a result of allegations of corruption, 50 election petitions were lodged, of which 35 were pressed to a trial; 13 ended with the elected MP being unseated. In four cases a Royal Commission had to be appointed because of widespread corrupt practices in the constituency.^[3]

As a result, when he became Prime Minister in 1867, Benjamin Disraeli announced that he would introduce a new method for election petition trials, which were then determined by a committee of the House of Commons, resulting in the Parliamentary Elections Act 1868, whereby two Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, Exchequer of Pleas or Queen's Bench would be designated to try election petitions with full judicial salaries.^[3]

Results

↓
369	289
Liberal	Conservative

UK General Election 1865
Party		Candidates						Votes
Party		Stood	Elected	Gained	Unseated	Net	% of total	%	№	Net %
	Liberal	516	369			+13	56.08	59.52	508,821	−6.2
	Conservative	406	289			−9	43.92	40.48	346,035	+6.2
Total			658			+4	100	100	854,856

Regional results

Great Britain

Party		Candidates	Unopposed	Seats	Votes	%
	Liberal	433	133	311	457,289	60.0
	Conservative	347	115	244	304,538	40.0
Total		780	248	555	761,827	100

England

Party		Candidates	Unopposed	Seats	Votes	%
	Liberal	359	88	251	406,978	59.0
	Conservative	308	94	213	291,238	41.0
Total		667	182	464	698,216	100

Scotland

Party		Candidates	Unopposed	Seats	Votes	%
	Liberal	51	30	42	43,480	85.4
	Conservative	17	7	11	4,305	14.6
Total		68	37	53	47,785	100

Wales

Party		Candidates	Unopposed	Seats	Votes	%
	Liberal	21	15	18	4,565	74.0
	Conservative	16	12	14	1,600	26.0
Total		37	27	32	6,165	100

Ireland

Party		Candidates	Unopposed	Seats	Votes	%
	Liberal	83	28	58	51,532	55.6
	Irish Conservative	59	27	45	41,497	44.4
Total		142	55	103	93,029	100

Universities

Party		Candidates	Unopposed	Seats	Votes	%
	Conservative	6	2	6	7,395	76.5
	Liberal	2	0	0	2,266	23.5
Total		8	2	6	9,661	100

Source: Rallings & Thrasher, pp. 8–9

References

^ Everett 2006.

^ Kelly & Hamlyn 2013, p. 93.

^ ^a^b O'Leary 1962, pp. 27–28, 39.

Sources

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Craig, F. W. S. (1989), British Electoral Facts: 1832–1987, Dartmouth: Gower, ISBN 0900178302.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

Crewe, Ivor (2006), "New Labour's Hegemony: Extension or Erosion?", in Bartle, John; King, Anthony, Britain at the Polls 2005, Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, p. 204

Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006), "1865", The People's Chronology, Thomson Gale, retrieved 12 May 2007
^{[permanent dead link]}

Kelly, Richard; Hamlyn, Matthew (2013), "The Law and Conduct of MPs", in Horne, Alexander; Drewry, Gavin; Oliver, Dawn, Parliament and the Law, Bloomsbury Publishing, ISBN 978-1-7822-5258-0

O'Leary, Cornelius (1962), The Elimination of Corrupt Practices in British Elections 1868–1911, Oxford: Oxford University Press

Rallings, Colin; Thrasher, Michael, eds. (2000), British Electoral Facts 1832–1999, Ashgate Publishing Ltd
- Rallings, Colin; Thrasher, Michael, British Electoral Facts 1832–2012
  ^{[year missing]}^{[publisher missing]}

External links

Spartacus: Political Parties and Election Results

[FOOTNOTEEverett2006-1] Everett 2006.

[FOOTNOTEKellyHamlyn201393-2] Kelly & Hamlyn 2013, p. 93.

[FOOTNOTEO'Leary196227–28,_39-3] O'Leary 1962, pp. 27–28, 39.

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