Contributor License Agreement




A Contributor License Agreement (CLA) defines the terms under which intellectual property has been contributed to a company/project, typically software under an open source license.




Contents






  • 1 Rationale


  • 2 Users


    • 2.1 Canonical


    • 2.2 KDE




  • 3 See also


  • 4 References


  • 5 External links





Rationale


CLAs can be used to enable vendors to easily pursue legal resolution in the case of copyright disputes,[1] or to relicense products to which contributions have been received from third parties.[2]


The purpose of a CLA is to ensure that the guardian of a project's outputs has the necessary ownership or grants of rights over all contributions to allow them to distribute under the chosen license. In some cases this will mean that the contributor will assign the copyright in all contributions to the project owner; in other cases, they will grant an irrevocable licence to allow the project maintainer to use the contribution. CLAs also have roles in raising awareness of IPR issues within a project.[3]



Users


Companies and projects that use CLAs include:




  • .NET Foundation[4]


  • Apache Software Foundation[5]


  • Canonical Ltd [6]


  • CyanogenMod[7]


  • Diaspora[8]


  • Digia/Qt Project[9]


  • Discourse[10]


  • Django[11]


  • Dojo Toolkit[12]


  • eBay Software Foundation, LLC[13][14] Subsidiary of eBay


  • Eclipse[15]


  • Facebook[16]


  • Go[17]


  • Google[18]


  • InfluxDB[19]


  • Joomla[20]


  • jQuery[21]


  • Kubernetes[22]


  • OpenBMC[23]


  • Python[24]


  • Meteor[25]


  • Microsoft[26]


  • OpenMediaVault[27]


  • OpenStack[28]


  • Puppet[29]


  • Zend Technologies for Zend Framework (1.x series only)



Canonical


The Canonical contributor agreement was a Contributor License Agreement required by Canonical Ltd for all contributions to many projects established by Canonical.


In it, the contributor assigned copyright to Canonical and at the same time Canonical gave the contributor "a world-wide, non-exclusive, royalty-free and perpetual right to use, copy, modify, communicate and make available to the public (including without limitation via the Internet) and distribute, in each case in an original or modified form, the Assigned Contributions as (they) wish."[30][31]


Canonical started Project Harmony "...to assist organisations which use contribution agreements by providing standardised variable templates with clear and concise explanations...."[32]


As of August 2011, Canonical is requesting contributions be licensed under a Harmony Contribution Licence Agreement, rather than the copyright being assigned to Canonical.[33] With the Harmony CLA, "the contributor gives Canonical a licence to use their contributions. The contributor continues to own the copyright in the contribution, with full rights to re-use, re-distribute, and continue modifying the contributed code, allowing them to also share that contribution with other projects."[6]


Projects requiring contributors to sign this agreement include:[30]



  • Unity

  • XSplash

  • Launchpad

  • LightDM

  • Mir display server

  • Puppet

  • Uncomplicated Firewall (ufw)

  • Update Manager

  • Ubiquity

  • Ubuntu One

  • Upstart



KDE


KDE uses Free Software Foundation Europe's Fiduciary Licence Agreement[34] of which (FLA-1.2) states in section 3.3:


.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}

FSFE shall only exercise the granted rights and licences in accordance with the principles of Free Software as defined by the Free Software Foundations. FSFE guarantees to use the rights and licences transferred in strict accordance with the regulations imposed by Free Software licences, including, but not limited to, the GNU General Public Licence (GPL) or the GNU Lesser General Public Licence (LGPL) respectively. In the event FSFE violates the principles of Free Software, all granted rights and licences shall automatically return to the Beneficiary and the licences granted hereunder shall be terminated and expire.[35]



However, it is optional and every contributor is allowed not to assign their copyright to KDE e.V.



See also


  • Project Harmony (FOSS group)


References





  1. ^ "Licenses". www.apache.org..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "Contributing FAQ". mysql.com.


  3. ^ "Contributor Licence Agreements". Oss-watch.ac.uk. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  4. ^ "Contribution License Agreement". .NET Foundation.org. Retrieved 2015-01-11.


  5. ^ "Licenses". Apache.org. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  6. ^ ab "Canonical Contributor license agreement". Canonical.com. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  7. ^ "Individual Contributor License Grant". CyanogenMod.


  8. ^ "diaspora/diaspora · GitHub". Github.com. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  9. ^ "Legal Aspects". Qt Project. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  10. ^ http://www.discourse.org/cla


  11. ^ "Contributor License Agreements | Django". Djangoproject.com. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  12. ^ "CLA". The Dojo Foundation. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  13. ^ "SeLion : Individual Contributor License Agreement (CLA)". Retrieved 2015-02-23.


  14. ^ "LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2014". Retrieved 2015-02-23.


  15. ^ "Eclipse Foundation Contributor License Agreement". Eclipse.org. 2013-06-17. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  16. ^ "Contributing to Facebook Projects". facebook.com. Retrieved 2015-07-08.


  17. ^ "CONTRIBUTORS - The Go Programming Language". Golang.org. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  18. ^ "Google Individual Contributor License Agreement, v1.1". google.com. Retrieved 2014-06-09.


  19. ^ "InfluxDB Contributor License Agreement". Retrieved 25 August 2014.


  20. ^ "Contribute". Developer.joomla.org. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  21. ^ jQuery Foundation - jquery.org. "jQuery Foundation Contributor License Agreement | Contribute to jQuery". Contribute.jquery.org. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  22. ^ Cloud Native Computing Foundation. "Kubernetes CLA". CNCF. Retrieved 2019-02-19.


  23. ^ Contribute to openbmc/docs development by creating an account on GitHub, openbmc, 2019-02-20, retrieved 2019-02-21


  24. ^ "Contributing to the PSF". Python Software Foundation.


  25. ^ "Contributing to Meteor". Contribute.meteor.com. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  26. ^ "Contributing to Microsoft Visual Studio Code". Microsoft. Retrieved 2016-04-22.


  27. ^ "Contributor Agreement". OpenMediaVault. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  28. ^ "OpenStack Contributors License Agreement". OpenStack. Retrieved 2014-01-24.


  29. ^ "Puppet Contributor License Agreement". Retrieved 2016-02-01.


  30. ^ ab "Canonical's contributor agreement". Retrieved 2010-12-31.


  31. ^ Canonical Ltd (December 2010). "Contributor Agreement V2.5" (PDF). Retrieved 31 December 2010.


  32. ^ Amanda Brock (2010-06-24). "Project Harmony looks to improve contribution agreements".


  33. ^ "Canonical's contributor agreement". 2011-08-10.


  34. ^ "FSFE welcomes KDE's adoption of the Fiduciary Licence Agreement (FLA)". 2008-08-22.


  35. ^ "Fiduciary Licence Agreement (Version 1.2)" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-12-31.




External links




  • Contributor Licence Agreements from OSS Watch

  • ContributorAgreements.org


  • CLAHub — Contributor License Agreements on GitHub


  • CLA assistant — enables contributors to sign CLAs from within a pull request









-

這個網誌中的熱門文章

Tangent Lines Diagram Along Smooth Curve

圖片
7 1 I am trying to replicate a diagram and have a minimal example. I don't know how to add additional tangents between the specified points and preserve smoothness. documentclass{article} usepackage{tikz} usetikzlibrary{calc,intersections} begin{document} begin{tikzpicture} % Axes draw [->, name path=x] (-1,0) -- (11,0) node [right] {$x$}; draw [->] (0,-1) -- (0,6) node [above] {$y$}; % Origin node at (0,0) [below left] {$0$}; % Points coordinate (start) at (1,-0.8); coordinate (c1) at (3,3); coordinate (c2) at (5.5,1.5); coordinate (c3) at (8,4); coordinate (end) at (10.5,-0.8); % show the points foreach n in {start,c1,c2,c3,end} fill [black] (n) circle (2pt) node [below] {}; % join the coordinates draw [thick,name path=curve] (start) to[out=70,in=180] (c1) to[out=0,in=180]
閱讀完整內容

Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud

圖片
Main article: Taifa of Zaragoza Al-Mu'taman Ruler of Zaragoza Reign 1081–1085 Predecessor Ahmad al-Muqtadir Successor Al-Mustain II Born Zaragoza Died 1085 Full name Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Mu'taman ibn Hūd House Banu Hud Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Mu'taman ibn Hūd (Arabic: المؤتمن بالله يوسف إبن أحمد إبن هود ‎, al-Mutaman bi l-Lah , died c. 1085) was the third king of the Banu Hud dynasty who ruled over the Taifa of Zaragoza from 1081 to 1085. Yusuf al-Mutaman reigned during the height of power of Muslim Zaragoza , following the thriving period of his father Ahmad al-Muqtadir. He continued his father's efforts and created around him a court of intellectuals, living in the beautiful palace of Aljafería, nicknamed as "the palace of joy". Al-Mu'taman was also a scholarly king and a patron of science, philosophy and arts. As an example of a wise king, he knew astrology, philosophy, and especially mathematics, a discipline in which
閱讀完整內容

Zucchini

圖片
This article is about the vegetable. For other uses, see Zucchini (disambiguation). Zucchini (courgette) A striped and a uniform color zucchini Genus Cucurbita Species Cucurbita pepo Origin 19th century northern Italy The zucchini ( / z uː ˈ k iː n i / , American English) or courgette ( / k ʊər ˈ ʒ ɛ t / , British English) is a summer squash which can reach nearly 1 metre (100 cm; 39 in) in length, but is usually harvested when still immature at about 15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 in). [1] A zucchini is a thin-skinned cultivar of what in Britain and Ireland is referred to as a marrow. [2] [3] In South Africa, a zucchini is known as a baby marrow. Along with certain other squashes and pumpkins, the zucchini belongs to the species Cucurbita pepo . It can be dark or light green. A related hybrid, the golden zucchini, is a deep yellow or orange color. [4] In a culinary context, the zucchini is treated as a vegetable; it is usually cooked and presented as a savory dish o
閱讀完整內容