Orchis militaris





Orchis militaris Poir. is a synonym of Orchis italica.











































Military orchid

Soldaatje (Orchis militaris) Hortus Haren.JPG

Scientific classification edit
Kingdom:
Plantae

Clade:
Angiosperms

Clade:
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Orchidaceae
Subfamily:
Orchidoideae
Genus:
Orchis
Species:
O. militaris

Binomial name

Orchis militaris
L.


Synonyms



  • Strateuma militaris (L.) Salisb.


  • Orchis rivinii Gouan


  • Orchis cinerea Schrank


  • Orchis brachiata Gilib.


  • Orchis galeata Poir.


  • Orchis mimusops Thuill.


  • Zoophora atropurpurea Bernh.


  • Zoophora rubella Bernh.


  • Orchis nervata Marchand


  • Orchis stevenii Rchb.f.


  • Orchis raddeana Regel



Orchis militaris, the military orchid,[1] is a species of orchid native to Europe. It is the type species of the genus Orchis.




Contents






  • 1 Description


  • 2 Flowering period


  • 3 Habitat


  • 4 Distribution


  • 5 Uses


  • 6 Chemistry


  • 7 References


  • 8 External links





Description


This plant grows to a height of 20 to 50 cm with a robust stem with rather drawn up oblong basal leaves. The inflorescence forms a purplish dense cone consisting of from 10 to 40 flowers. In each flower the sepals and side petals are gathered together to form a pointed "helmet" (whence it gets its name), a lilac colour outside and a veined purple colour inside.
The central tongue finishes in two lobes separated by a tooth.



Flowering period


Depending on location, April to June.



Habitat


Likes full light on a dry calcareous substrate. For example, unfertilized lawns, meadows, edges and light woods up to 2000m in altitude.



Distribution


It is well distributed around Europe, reaching as far north as southern Sweden, but rather rare in the Mediterranean areas.


It is extremely rare in Britain and a protected species, occurring only at the Rex Graham nature reserve in Suffolk and the Buckinghamshire Chilterns.



Uses


Orchis militaris contains the nutritious polysaccharide glucomannan, and is one of the original species of orchid whose ground-up roots are used to make the drink salep.



Chemistry


Orchinol is a phenanthrenoid that can be isolated from infected O. militaris.[2]



References





  1. ^ "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Structure of Orchinol, Loroglossol, and Hircinol. Roy M. Letcher and Llewellyn R. M. Nhamo, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1973, pages 1263-1265, doi:10.1039/P19730001263




External links




  • Media related to Orchis militaris at Wikimedia Commons


  • Data related to Orchis militaris at Wikispecies

  • Military orchid (Orchis militaris)


  • Orchis militaris distribution










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