Guniyandi language










































Gooniyandi
Region Western Australia
Native speakers
 134 (2016 census)[1]
Language family

Bunuban

  • Gooniyandi
Writing system
 Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3 gni
Glottolog
goon1238[2]

AIATSIS[3]
 K6

Gooniyandi is an Australian Aboriginal language now spoken by about 100 people, most of whom live in or near Fitzroy Crossing in Western Australia.[4] Gooniyandi is an endangered language as it is not being passed on to children,[4] who instead grow up speaking Kriol.




Contents






  • 1 Classification


  • 2 Writing system


  • 3 Grammar


  • 4 Notes


  • 5 References


  • 6 External links





Classification


Gooniyandi is closely related to Bunuba, to about the same degree as English is related to Dutch. The two are the only members of the Bunuban language family. Unlike the majority of Australian Aboriginal languages, Gooniyandi and Bunuba are non-Pama–Nyungan.



Writing system


A Gooniyandi alphabet based on the Latin script was adopted by the community in 1984, and subsequently revised in 1990 and again in 1999.[4] It is not phonemic, as it omits some distinctions made in speech.[4]



Grammar


Gooniyandi has no genders, but a large number of cases; it uses an ergative-absolutive case system. It is a verb-final language, but without a dominant order between the subject and the object.



Notes





  1. ^ ABS. "Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)". stat.data.abs.gov.au. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2017-10-29..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Gooniyandi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.


  3. ^ Gooniyandi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies


  4. ^ abcd "Gooniyandi language, alphabet and pronunciation". Omniglot. Retrieved 2018-07-22.




References




  • McGregor, William (1990). A Functional Grammar of Gooniyandi. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.


  • McGregor, William (1994). "Gooniyandi". In Nick Thieberger & William McGregor. Macquarie Aboriginal Words. The Macquarie Library. pp. 193–213.


  • McGregor, William (2004). The Languages of the Kimberley, Western Australia. London, New York: Taylor & Francis.


  • M Haspelmath; M S Dryer; D Gil; B Comrie (2005). The World Atlas of Language Structures. Oxford: Oxford University Press.



External links



  • Gooniyandi on the Omniglot website

  • Rosetta Project: Gooniyandi Swadesh List

  • Gooniyandi Aboriginal Corporation








-

這個網誌中的熱門文章

Hercules Kyvelos

圖片
Hercules Kyvelos Statistics Real name Hercules Kyvelos Nickname(s) The God Weight(s) Middleweight Light Middleweight Welterweight Height 5 ft 10 in (180 cm) Reach 72 in (183 cm) Nationality Canadian Born ( 1975-02-25 ) February 25, 1975 (age 43) Montreal, Quebec Stance Orthodox Boxing record Total fights 27 Wins 24 Wins by KO 12 Losses 3 Draws 0 No contests 0 Hercules Kyvelos Medal record Men's Boxing Representing   Canada Pan American Games 1995 Mar del Plata Welterweight Hercules Kyvelos (born February 25, 1975) is a Greek-Canadian boxer in the Welterweight division and is the former Canadian Welterweight Champion. [1] He fought at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. Contents 1 Early life 2 Amateur career 3 Pro career 3.1 WBO Welterweight Championship 3.2 Personal life 4 References 5 External links Early life Hercules was born in
閱讀完整內容

Tangent Lines Diagram Along Smooth Curve

圖片
7 1 I am trying to replicate a diagram and have a minimal example. I don't know how to add additional tangents between the specified points and preserve smoothness. documentclass{article} usepackage{tikz} usetikzlibrary{calc,intersections} begin{document} begin{tikzpicture} % Axes draw [->, name path=x] (-1,0) -- (11,0) node [right] {$x$}; draw [->] (0,-1) -- (0,6) node [above] {$y$}; % Origin node at (0,0) [below left] {$0$}; % Points coordinate (start) at (1,-0.8); coordinate (c1) at (3,3); coordinate (c2) at (5.5,1.5); coordinate (c3) at (8,4); coordinate (end) at (10.5,-0.8); % show the points foreach n in {start,c1,c2,c3,end} fill [black] (n) circle (2pt) node [below] {}; % join the coordinates draw [thick,name path=curve] (start) to[out=70,in=180] (c1) to[out=0,in=180]
閱讀完整內容

Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud

圖片
Main article: Taifa of Zaragoza Al-Mu'taman Ruler of Zaragoza Reign 1081–1085 Predecessor Ahmad al-Muqtadir Successor Al-Mustain II Born Zaragoza Died 1085 Full name Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Mu'taman ibn Hūd House Banu Hud Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Mu'taman ibn Hūd (Arabic: المؤتمن بالله يوسف إبن أحمد إبن هود ‎, al-Mutaman bi l-Lah , died c. 1085) was the third king of the Banu Hud dynasty who ruled over the Taifa of Zaragoza from 1081 to 1085. Yusuf al-Mutaman reigned during the height of power of Muslim Zaragoza , following the thriving period of his father Ahmad al-Muqtadir. He continued his father's efforts and created around him a court of intellectuals, living in the beautiful palace of Aljafería, nicknamed as "the palace of joy". Al-Mu'taman was also a scholarly king and a patron of science, philosophy and arts. As an example of a wise king, he knew astrology, philosophy, and especially mathematics, a discipline in which
閱讀完整內容