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Rio Arriba County, New Mexico
Rio Arriba County Courthouse, Isaac Rapp, architect, 1916-17
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of New Mexico
New Mexico's location within the U.S.
Founded	1852
Seat	Tierra Amarilla
Largest city	Española
Area
• Total	5,896 sq mi (15,271 km2)
• Land	5,861 sq mi (15,180 km2)
• Water	35 sq mi (91 km2), 0.6%
Population (est.)
• (2016)	40,040
• Density	6.9/sq mi (2.7/km2)
Congressional district	3rd
Time zone	Mountain: UTC−7/−6
Website	www.rio-arriba.org

Rio Arriba County is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2010 census, the population was 40,246.^[1] Its county seat is Tierra Amarilla.^[2] Its northern border is the Colorado state line.

Rio Arriba County comprises the Española, NM Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Albuquerque-Santa Fe-Las Vegas, NM Combined Statistical Area.

History

The county was one of nine originally created for the Territory of New Mexico in 1852. Originally extending west to the California line, it included the site of present-day Las Vegas, Nevada.^[3] The county seat was initially sited at San Pedro de Chamita, and shortly afterwards at Los Luceros. In 1860 the seat was moved to Plaza del Alcalde. Since 1880 Tierra Amarilla has been the county seat.^[4]

The Battle of Embudo Pass took place in the southern part of the county during the American invasion in January 1847.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 5,896 square miles (15,270 km²), of which 5,861 square miles (15,180 km²) are land and 35 square miles (91 km²) (0.6%) are water.^[5] It is the fifth-largest county in New Mexico by area. The highest point in the county is the summit of Truchas Peak at 13,102 feet (3,993 m).

The county acquired its present proportions after the creation of San Juan County and other adjustments.^[4]

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

• 
  Carson National Forest (part)


• 
  El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail (part)


• 
  Santa Fe National Forest (part)


• 
  Valles Caldera National Preserve (part)

Demographics

2000 census

As of the 2000 census^[11], there were 41,190 people, 15,044 households, and 10,816 families residing in the county. The population density was 7 people per square mile (3/km²). There were 18,016 housing units at an average density of 3 per square mile (1/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 56.62% White, 0.35% Black or African American, 13.88% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 25.62% from other races, and 3.28% from two or more races. 72.89% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 15,044 households out of which 36.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.80% were married couples living together, 15.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.10% were non-families. 23.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the county, the population was spread out with 28.60% under the age of 18, 8.90% from 18 to 24, 28.80% from 25 to 44, 22.90% from 45 to 64, and 10.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 98.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,429, and the median income for a family was $32,901. Males had a median income of $26,897 versus $22,223 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,263. About 16.60% of families and 20.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.30% of those under age 18 and 22.90% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 40,246 people, 15,768 households, and 10,477 families residing in the county.^[12] The population density was 6.9 inhabitants per square mile (2.7/km²). There were 19,638 housing units at an average density of 3.4 per square mile (1.3/km²).^[13] The racial makeup of the county was 51.6% white, 16.0% American Indian, 0.5% black or African American, 0.4% Asian, 28.0% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 71.3% of the population.^[12]

The largest ancestry groups were:^[14]

• 20.6% Mexican

• 15.5% Spanish

• 4.5% German

• 3.2% English

• 2.7% Irish

• 1.7% French


• 1.5% Navajo

• 1.2% Scottish

Of the 15,768 households, 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.3% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.6% were non-families, and 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.09. The median age was 39.0 years.^[12]

The median income for a household in the county was $41,437 and the median income for a family was $47,840. Males had a median income of $39,757 versus $31,657 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,913. About 15.7% of families and 19.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.6% of those under age 18 and 18.3% of those age 65 or over.^[15]

Politics

From New Mexico’s statehood to the early 1940s Rio Arriba was a traditional Republican county. That would later change and the county would become a Democratic stronghold from the 1960s to the present day. The last Republican Presidential candidate to carry the county was Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956.^[16] No Republican candidate for governor has won the county since at least 1966.^[17]

It is located in New Mexico's 3rd congressional district, which has a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+7 and is represented by Democrat Ben R. Luján. In the New Mexico legislature it is represented by Representative Nick Salazar, Representative Debbie Rodella and Senator Richard Martinez.^[19]

Current commissioners are:

Education

Ghost Ranch rainbow

School districts

Rio Arriba County has 6 public school districts. Española Public Schools is the largest.

• Chama Valley Independent Schools


• Jemez Mountain Public Schools


• Dulce Independent Schools


• Mesa Vista Consolidated Schools


• Espanola Public Schools


• Penasco Independent Schools

Colleges

• 
  Northern New Mexico College with campuses in Española and El Rito
  


• 
  New Mexico Highlands University campus in Española
  

Points of interest

• Abiquiu Lake


• Chama River (Rio Grande)


• Cumbres & Toltec Scenic Railroad


• Echo Amphitheater


• Jicarilla Apache Reservation


• Puye Cliff Dwellings


• Ghost Ranch


• 
  Monastery of Christ in the Desert & Abbey Brewing Company
  


• Project Gasbuggy


• 
  Tierra Amarilla (county seat) & Brazos Cliffs
  

Communities

Trick Rider, Rio Arriba Rodeo, 2013

Truchas Peaks in winter, viewed from Espanola

City

• Española

Town

• Dulce

Village

• Chama

Census-designated places

Other communities

Ghost towns

• Hopewell


• Riverside


• Santa Rosa de Lima


• Sublette

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico

References

Further reading

• Dethier, D.P. (2004). Geologic map of the Puye quadrangle, Los Alamos, Rio Arriba, Sandoval, and Santa Fe Counties, New Mexico [Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2419)]. Reston, Va.: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.


• Maldonado, F. (2008). Geologic map of the Abiquiu quadrangle, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico [Scientific Investigations Map 2998]. Reston, Va.: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.

Coordinates: 36°31′N 106°42′W / 36.51°N 106.70°W / 36.51; -106.70

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.

• Rio Arriba County website


• 
  Abiquiu Online - Serving the Northern New Mexico Area