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Haywood County
; Haywood County, Tennessee;
	; Haywood County Courthouse;
	; ; Location within the U.S. state of Tennessee;
	; ; Tennessee's location within the U.S.;
Founded	1823
Named for	; John Haywood;
Seat	Brownsville
Largest city	Brownsville
Area
• Total	534 sq mi (1,383 km2)
• Land	533 sq mi (1,380 km2)
• Water	0.9 sq mi (2 km2), 0.2%
Population
• (2010)	18,787
• Density	35/sq mi (14/km2)
Congressional district	8th
Time zone	; Central: UTC−6/−5;
Website	Haywood County

Haywood County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,787.^[2] Its county seat and largest city is Brownsville.^[3] It is the only remaining county in Tennessee with a majority African-American population.

History

Scenic view in Haywood County (2004)

Haywood County was created from part of Madison County in 1823–24, and was named for Tennessee judge and historian John Haywood. The state legislature designated Brownsville as the county seat.^[4] Haywood County was later reduced in size, when both Lauderdale and Crockett Counties were created from its territory.

For much of the county's history, agriculture, especially growing cotton, was the basis of the local economy, as it was throughout western Tennessee. Before the Civil War, this was accomplished by a plantation system based on the use of enslaved African-American workers.

After Emancipation in 1865, many planters hired freedmen as tenant farmers and sharecroppers to produce the cotton crops, which were still important to the state. ^[5] The largely rural county continues to have a majority-black population.

Whites lynched three African Americans in the county, most at the county seat of Brownsville, in the period following Reconstruction and into the early 20th century.^[6] On June 20, 1940, Elbert Williams, an African-American man, was killed in Brownsville for "attempting to qualify to vote" and "an interest in Negro affairs";^[7] he had organized a local chapter of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). He was the last recorded lynching victim in the state.^[8] Like other southern states, Tennessee had raised barriers at the turn of the century to voter registration to disenfranchise blacks. Whites maintained the political exclusion, sometimes with violence. Williams was murdered and his body was thrown into the Hatchie River.^[7] It was later recovered.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 534 square miles (1,380 km²), of which 533 square miles (1,380 km²) is land and 0.9 square miles (2.3 km²) (0.2%) is water.^[9]

Haywood County is situated on the southeastern edge of the New Madrid Seismic Zone, an area with a high earthquake risk.

Adjacent counties

Crockett County (north)

Madison County (east)

Hardeman County (southeast)

Fayette County (south)

Tipton County (west)

Lauderdale County (northwest)

National protected area

Hatchie National Wildlife Refuge

Demographics

From 1940 to 1970, the county population declined. Many blacks left after confrontations and the murder of Elbert Williams in 1940 related to black attempts to register to vote. In addition, mechanization of agriculture reduced the need for farm workers, and other African Americans left as part of the second wave of the Great Migration. A total of more than five million migrated out of the south during those decades, moving especially to the West Coast for the expanding defense industry, and to industrial cities for work opportunities.

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1830	5,334		—
1840	13,870		160.0%
1850	17,259		24.4%
1860	19,232		11.4%
1870	25,094		30.5%
1880	26,053		3.8%
1890	23,558		−9.6%
1900	25,189		6.9%
1910	25,910		2.9%
1920	25,386		−2.0%
1930	26,063		2.7%
1940	27,699		6.3%
1950	26,212		−5.4%
1960	23,393		−10.8%
1970	19,596		−16.2%
1980	20,318		3.7%
1990	19,437		−4.3%
2000	19,797		1.9%
2010	18,787		−5.1%
Est. 2016	17,853	^[10]	−5.0%
U.S. Decennial Census^[11] 1790–1960^[12] 1900–1990^[13] 1990–2000^[14] 2010–2014^[2]

Age pyramid Haywood County^[15]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 18,787 people residing in the county. 50.4% were Black or African American, 45.9% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 2.5% of some other race and 0.9% of two or more races. 3.8% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

As of the census^[16] of 2000, there were 19,797 people, 7,558 households, and 5,419 families residing in the county. The population density was 37 people per square mile (14/km²). There were 8,086 housing units at an average density of 15 per square mile (6/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 51.05% Black or African American, 46.73% White, 0.12% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.38% from other races, and 0.58% from two or more races. 2.65% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Haywood and Shelby Counties are the only counties in Tennessee with a black majority.

There were 7,558 households out of which 33.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.80% were married couples living together, 22.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.30% were non-families. 25.40% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the county, the population was spread out with 27.20% under the age of 18, 9.80% from 18 to 24, 27.30% from 25 to 44, 21.90% from 45 to 64, and 13.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 87.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $27,671, and the median income for a family was $32,597. Males had a median income of $27,333 versus $21,361 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,669. About 16.30% of families and 19.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.00% of those under age 18 and 25.70% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

The largest industry in Haywood County is agriculture. Haywood County grows more cotton that any other county in Tennessee and produced 189,000 bales in 2003 on 103,000 acres (420 km²). Soybeans are the county's #2 crop, followed by corn.^{[citation needed]}

Agriculture and agri-related businesses contributed more than $130,000 million to the Haywood County economy in 2004.

In 2009, under the leadership of Tennessee Governor Phil Bredesen and Haywood County Mayor Franklin Smith, a 3,836-acre (1,552 ha) tract in southwestern Haywood County near Stanton was designated for a state-supported industrial "megasite," intended for a large-scale industrial or business development such as an automobile assembly plant. In September 2009, Tennessee's State Building Commission authorized spending of $40 million for purchase of the land.^[17]

Communities

Trinity Cemetery in Nutbush provides a final resting place for more than 50 Civil War soldiers. (2007)

City

Brownsville (county seat)

Town

Stanton

Unincorporated communities

Belle Eagle

Christmasville

Nutbush

Notable residents

One of Haywood County's most notable residents was Sleepy John Estes, a blues guitarist songwriter and vocalist. Born in 1899 or 1904 in Ripley, Tennessee, he lived most of his life in Brownsville.^[18] He died on June 5, 1977, in Brownsville.^[19]^[20]^[21] Sleepy John is buried at Elam Baptist Church Cemetery in Durhamville, Lauderdale County.^[21]

Other notable county residents include:

Tony Delk, a first round NBA draft pick spent his adolescent years in Brownsville.

Hambone Willie Newbern, blues musician from the Brownsville area

Singer Tina Turner spent her childhood in Nutbush, Haywood County

Elbert Williams, voting rights activist

Politics

**Presidential Elections Results**^[22]
Year	Republican	Democratic	Third Parties
2016	44.1% 3,013	54.3% 3,711	1.6% 110
2012	39.1% 2,960	60.4% 4,569	0.5% 40
2008	39.0% 3,165	60.3% 4,893	0.8% 63
2004	41.6% 3,140	57.8% 4,359	0.7% 49
2000	39.4% 2,554	60.0% 3,887	0.6% 37
1996	38.0% 2,293	59.1% 3,565	2.9% 172
1992	39.5% 2,518	55.1% 3,511	5.4% 347
1988	47.6% 2,687	51.8% 2,923	0.5% 30
1984	46.0% 2,839	53.7% 3,308	0.3% 19
1980	41.0% 2,435	58.0% 3,445	1.1% 63
1976	34.5% 1,952	65.0% 3,681	0.5% 28
1972	59.5% 3,123	37.4% 1,966	3.1% 164
1968	20.5% 1,152	30.4% 1,709	49.1% 2,757
1964	51.3% 2,407	48.8% 2,290
1960	35.6% 1,188	56.0% 1,867	8.4% 279
1956	17.0% 516	73.2% 2,217	9.7% 295
1952	27.8% 940	71.9% 2,432	0.3% 9
1948	7.0% 148	49.3% 1,050	43.7% 931
1944	7.6% 208	92.4% 2,525	0.0% 1
1940	3.6% 128	96.3% 3,466	0.1% 4
1936	1.7% 29	98.2% 1,725	0.1% 2
1932	4.1% 77	95.0% 1,788	0.9% 17
1928	8.1% 178	91.9% 2,024
1924	3.1% 60	96.2% 1,872	0.8% 15
1920	4.6% 101	95.0% 2,068	0.3% 7
1916	3.5% 61	95.9% 1,677	0.6% 11
1912	2.8% 34	87.7% 1,069	9.5% 116

In presidential elections, Haywood County trends Democratic; in the 2016 election it was one of only three counties (along with Davidson and Shelby) to vote for Democrat Hillary Clinton over Republican Donald Trump.

References

^ Emma Nunn, "Haywood County," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: October 16, 2013.

^ ^a^b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2013.

^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07.

^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 153.

^ Nunn, Emma. "Haywood County" in The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture Version 2.0

^ Lynching in America/ Supplement: Lynchings by County, Equal Justice Initiative, 2015, p. 6

^ ^a^b [http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/segregation/text2/lynchingcrime.pdf Jessie P. Guzzman & W. Hardin Hughes, “Lynching-Crime,” Negro Year Book: A Review of Events Affecting Negro Life, 1944-1946, 1947; part of National Humanities Center, The Making of African American Identity, Vol. III, 1917-1968; accessed 04 June 2018

^ Kathy Bennett, "Lynching", Tennessee Encyclopedia, 2017/updated 2018

^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2015.

^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.

^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2015.

^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 5, 2015.

^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 5, 2015.

^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved April 5, 2015.

^ Based on 2000 census data

^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved 2011-05-14.

^ Chad Sisk, $40M approved for West TN megasite development^{[permanent dead link]}, The Tennessean, September 30, 2009

^ Biography at 7digital.com from the Encyclopedia of Popular Music – accessed February 2008

^ Allaboutjazz.com birth and death details Archived January 18, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

^ Brian Dempsey. "'Sleepy' John Estes". Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved December 16, 2008.

^ ^a^b Norris, Sharon (2000). Black America Series: Haywood County Tennessee. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-0605-2.

^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-03-10.

External links

Chamber of Commerce site

Haywood County, TNGenWeb – free genealogy resources for the county

Haywood County at Curlie

The Goodspeed History Haywood County, Tennessee, 1887

Coordinates: 35°35′N 89°17′W / 35.58°N 89.29°W / 35.58; -89.29

[tehc-1] Emma Nunn, "Haywood County," Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved: October 16, 2013.

[QF-2] "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2013.

[GR6-3] "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07.

[4] Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 153.

[5] Nunn, Emma. "Haywood County" in The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture Version 2.0

[supp-6] Lynching in America/ Supplement: Lynchings by County, Equal Justice Initiative, 2015, p. 6

[guzman-7] [http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/maai3/segregation/text2/lynchingcrime.pdf Jessie P. Guzzman & W. Hardin Hughes, “Lynching-Crime,” Negro Year Book: A Review of Events Affecting Negro Life, 1944-1946, 1947; part of National Humanities Center, The Making of African American Identity, Vol. III, 1917-1968; accessed 04 June 2018

[enc-8] Kathy Bennett, "Lynching", Tennessee Encyclopedia, 2017/updated 2018

[GR1-9] "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2015.

[USCensusEst2016-10] "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.

[11] "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2015.

[12] "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved April 5, 2015.

[13] Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 5, 2015.

[14] "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved April 5, 2015.

[15] Based on 2000 census data

[GR8-16] "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved 2011-05-14.

[17] Chad Sisk, $40M approved for West TN megasite development^{[permanent dead link]}, The Tennessean, September 30, 2009

[7digital-18] Biography at 7digital.com from the Encyclopedia of Popular Music – accessed February 2008

[allaboutjazz-19] Allaboutjazz.com birth and death details Archived January 18, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

[TNEncySJE-20] Brian Dempsey. "'Sleepy' John Estes". Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved December 16, 2008.

[NorrisHaywood-21] Norris, Sharon (2000). Black America Series: Haywood County Tennessee. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-0605-2.

[22] Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-03-10.

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