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Lwówek Śląski
Lwówek Śląski
	; The town hall, The Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the municipal office, The Lubań Tower, The Płakowice Palace, the tenements in the town centre;
; ; Flag;	; ; Coat of arms;
	; ; ; ; Lwówek Śląski; ; ; ;
	Coordinates: 51°7′N 15°35′E / 51.117°N 15.583°E / 51.117; 15.583;
Country	; Poland;
Voivodeship	Lower Silesian
County	Lwówek Śląski County
Gmina	Gmina Lwówek Śląski
Established	before 1209
Town rights	1217
Government;
• Mayor	Mariola Szczęsna
Area;
• Total	16.65 km2 (6.43 sq mi)
Population (2006);
• Total	9,687
• Density	580/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
Time zone	; UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	; UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	59-600
Area code(s)	+48 75
Car plates	DLW
Climate	Dfb
Website	http://www.lwowekslaski.pl

Place in Lower Silesian, Poland

Lwówek Śląski [ˈlvuvɛk ˈɕlɔ̃skʲi] (Polish: Lwówek Śląski (listen); German: Löwenberg in Schlesien) is a town in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. Situated on the Bóbr River, Lwówek Śląski is about 30 kilometres (19 miles) NNW of Jelenia Góra and has a population of about 10,300 inhabitants. It is the administrative seat of Lwówek Śląski County, and also of the smaller municipality called Gmina Lwówek Śląski.

History

The vicinity of Lwówek Śląski, densely wooded and located on the inner side of the unsettled^[1]Silesian Przesieka,^[2] was gradually cleared and populated by German peasants in the first half of the 13th century during the Ostsiedlung.^[3] The town was founded by Duke of Poland Henry the Bearded who designated it for an administrative centre in a previously uninhabited, borderline Polish - Lusatian territory.^[4] By 1217 the settlement, founded by the Duke of Wrocław, had important privileges, such as rights to brew, mill, fish, and hunt within a mile from settlement. German colonists expanded^[5] upon the preexisting settlement and in 1217 it received town rights as the second town in Silesia; its style of governance was duplicated by other local towns, such as Bunzlau (Bolesławiec), as Löwenberg Rights or Lwówek Śląski Rights.^[6] The dukes then constructed a castle, documented for the first time in 1248. In the second half of the 13th century Löwenberg became the capital of a Silesian Piast principality, whose duke took the title of a Duke of Silesia and Lord of Löwenberg.

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The prints of Lwówek Śląski during the centuries

Panorama from 16th century

Panorama from 17th century

Panorama from 1739

Panorama from 18th century

After the death of Duchess Agnes of Habsburg, the widow of Bolko II, the last Piast of Świdnica, the region was inherited with the Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor (Schweidnitz-Jauer) by the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1393. Löwenberg's placement on a trade route allowed it to become one of the more prosperous towns in Bohemia. It passed with the Bohemian crown to the Habsburg Monarchy of Austria in 1526. During the Thirty Years' War, Löwenberg was devastated by Swedish and Imperial troops, especially between 1633-1643. By the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the town was largely destroyed and had a decimated population of only hundreds.

Löwenberg slowly recovered during its reconstruction, but began to prosper again after its acquisition by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1741 during the Silesian Wars. Troops of the First French Empire occupied Löwenberg in May 1813, and Napoleon Bonaparte stayed in the town from August 21–23 while organizing his defenses against the Prussian troops of General Gebhard von Blücher. A few days later the Prussian army defeated the Frenchmen; more than 3,000 French soldiers drowned in the flooding Bober (Bóbr) as they retreated.

Löwenberg was included within the Province of Silesia after the 1814 Prussian administrative reorganization. Like the rest of the Kingdom of Prussia, the town became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the unification of Germany. It became part of the Prussian Province of Lower Silesia after World War I.

In the last days of World War II, Löwenberg's medieval center was 40% destroyed and numerous buildings of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque were lost. At war's end the town was placed under Polish administration under the new name of Lwówek Śląski according to the Potsdam Agreement. Its remaining German population was expelled and new Polish citizens took their land and property.

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of Lwówek Śląski is a vertically divided shield depicting the red-white chessboard of the Świdnica Piasts in the sinister field and a right-facing crowned red lion in the dexter field.

Population

Year	1329	1543	1740	1784	1797	1816	1825	1840	1861	1871	1885	1905
Population number^[7]	ok. 11.000	4.100	1.495	2.397	3.928	3.684	3.552	3.770	4.628	4.798	4.720	5.682
Year	1920	1941	1945	1950	1960	1970	1978	1988	1999	2000	2006	2016
Population number	6.319	6.063	6.238	3.411	5.517	6.714	7.776	9.312	9.249	10.045	9.687	8940

Graph of population of the city of Lwówek Śląski, over the last 2 centuries:

Climate

Climate data for Lwówek Śląski (1979–2013)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	14.5 (58.1)	16.3 (61.3)	20.4 (68.7)	28.4 (83.1)	30.2 (86.4)	34.2 (93.6)	35.9 (96.6)	35.9 (96.6)	28.5 (83.3)	25.1 (77.2)	17.2 (63)	13.3 (55.9)	35,9 (96.6)
Average high °C (°F)	1.3 (34.3)	2.7 (36.9)	7.4 (45.3)	13.3 (55.9)	18.7 (65.7)	21.3 (70.3)	23.4 (74.1)	23.3 (73.9)	18.3 (64.9)	13.0 (55.4)	6.3 (43.3)	2.6 (36.7)	12,6 (54.7)
Average low °C (°F)	−4.1 (24.6)	−3.6 (25.5)	−0.4 (31.3)	3 (37)	7.4 (45.3)	10.6 (51.1)	12.4 (54.3)	12.0 (53.6)	8.7 (47.7)	4.8 (40.6)	0.8 (33.4)	−2.4 (27.7)	4,1 (39.3)
Record low °C (°F)	−26.3 (−15.3)	−23.9 (−11)	−14.6 (5.7)	−6.9 (19.6)	−2.9 (26.8)	1.3 (34.3)	5.1 (41.2)	3.9 (39)	−0.1 (31.8)	−6.0 (21.2)	−13.5 (7.7)	−22.9 (−9.2)	-26,3 (−15.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	43 (1.69)	36 (1.42)	44 (1.73)	36 (1.42)	53 (2.09)	66 (2.6)	90 (3.54)	75 (2.95)	52 (2.05)	37 (1.46)	44 (1.73)	48 (1.89)	623 (24.53)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	12	10	11	8	10	12	12	11	10	8	10	12	126
Source: http://eca.knmi.nl/

Culture and entertainment

Lwówek's Culture Centre

Lwówek's Culture Centre is located in Przyjaciół Żołnierza St. 5. In town's culture centre there are:

Cinema LOK;

Office of providers the cable TV;

Art gallery Kla-Tka;

Dance School Vega;

Music room;

School of painting and drawing.

City events

Agat from Płóczki Górne

Famous beer from Lwówek Śląski's Brewery - "Lwówek Książęcy"

Every year in the second weekend of July takes place Lwóweckie Lato Agatowe.

In January – The Kings Parade in the Feast of Three Kings(06.01);

In March –Lwówek talent fest;

In April – Nationwide Orientation Fest (III round of Polish Cup);

In May – International canoeing trip on the Bóbr river;

In May – Turist rally name Henryk the Bearded;

In July – Lwówek Agat Summer;

In July – Lwówek motocycle jumboree;

In September – Unusual Heritage Fairs - Napoleonic Picknic, Lower Silesian Festival Of Gifts Of The Forest ;

In October – Lwówek Mineralogical Meeting;

In December – Christmas Fair, Santa Claus Run, Christmas nativity play.

Museums

The museums in Lwówek Śląski include:

Museum - historical facility in the town hall (Wolności Sq. 1);

Museum of the Brewery in the town brewery "Lwówek" (Traugutta St. 4).

In the second weekend of July, when Lwówek Agat Summer lasts, visitors can access Lubańska Tower for views of the town.^{[citation needed]}

Twin cities

This Deutsche Bundespost stamp shows Lwówek Śląski's town hall interior

Town	Country	The date of the beginning of partnership
Lwówek	Poland	2003^[8]
Heidenau	Germany	4 April 1995
Velký Šenov	Czech Republic	16 November 2000
Noidans-lès-Vesoul	France	21 June 2006
Chrastava	Czech Republic	18 June 2007^[9]
Wilthen	Germany	22 September 2009

Notable residents

Nikolaus von Reusner (1545–1602), jurist

Martin Moller (1547–1606), mystic

Michael Wirth (1571–1618), jurist

Georg Schultze (1599–1634), jurist

Esaias Reusner (1636–1679), lutist and composer

Franz Schmidt (1818–1853), preacher, representative in the Frankfurt Parliament in 1848, fled to Switzerland, then to St. Louis, MO, USA; founder of the German Lyceum there.

Günther Klammt (1898–1971), major-general

Eberhard Zwirner (1899–1984), physician and phonetician

Stefan Hüfner (born 1935), physicist

Lucjan Błaszczyk (born 1974), tennis player

Skylines

The view on the town from west (2005)

Notes

^ Petry, Ludwig; Geschichte Schlesiens. Band 1: Von der Urzeit bis zum Jahre 1526, Stuttgart, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2000, p.11, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
ISBN 3-7995-6341-5

^ Hugo Weczerka, Handbuch der historischen Stätten, Schlesien, 2003, p.296,
ISBN 3-520-31602-1

^ Westermann, p. 74

^ Jerzy Maroń, Legnica 1241 Historyczne Bitwy, Bellona 2008, p. 44,
ISBN 83-11-11171-5

^ Krallert, "Die nord- und mitteldeutsche Ostsiedlung vom 12.—14. Jahrhundert"

^ Krallert, "Die Ausbreitung des deutschen Städtewesens bis 1400"

^ Staffa, Marek (2003). Słownik geografii turystycznej Sudetów, Pogórze Izerskie. [1], A-Ł [Glossary tourist geography of the Sudetenland, Foothills Mountains. [1] A-L]. Wroclaw: I-BiS. pp. 443–471. ISBN 83-85773-60-6.

^ "miasta partnerskie" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-22.

^ "Chrastava - polski". www.chrastava.cz. Retrieved 2015-08-10.

References

Westermann Verlag; Erich Stier; Ernst Kirsten; Wilhelm Wühr; Heinz Quirin; Werner Trillmilch; Gerhard Czybulka; Hermann Pinnow; Hans Ebeling (1963). Westermanns Atlas zur Weltgeschichte: Vorzeit / Altertum, Mittelalter, Neuzeit (in German). Braunschweig: Georg Westermann Verlag. p. 170.

Krallert, Wolfgang (1958). Atlas zur Geschichte der deutschen Ostsiedlung. Bielefeld: Velhagen & Klasing. p. 33.

External links

Municipal website (in Polish)

Coordinates: 51°07′N 15°35′E / 51.117°N 15.583°E / 51.117; 15.583

[1] Petry, Ludwig; Geschichte Schlesiens. Band 1: Von der Urzeit bis zum Jahre 1526, Stuttgart, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 2000, p.11, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
ISBN 3-7995-6341-5

[2] Hugo Weczerka, Handbuch der historischen Stätten, Schlesien, 2003, p.296,
ISBN 3-520-31602-1

[3] Westermann, p. 74

[4] Jerzy Maroń, Legnica 1241 Historyczne Bitwy, Bellona 2008, p. 44,
ISBN 83-11-11171-5

[5] Krallert, "Die nord- und mitteldeutsche Ostsiedlung vom 12.—14. Jahrhundert"

[6] Krallert, "Die Ausbreitung des deutschen Städtewesens bis 1400"

[Staffa-7] Staffa, Marek (2003). Słownik geografii turystycznej Sudetów, Pogórze Izerskie. [1], A-Ł [Glossary tourist geography of the Sudetenland, Foothills Mountains. [1] A-L]. Wroclaw: I-BiS. pp. 443–471. ISBN 83-85773-60-6.

[8] "miasta partnerskie" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-22.

[9] "Chrastava - polski". www.chrastava.cz. Retrieved 2015-08-10.

v t e Gmina Lwówek Śląski
Town and seat	Lwówek Śląski
Villages	Bielanka Brunów Chmielno Dębowy Gaj Dłużec Dworek Gaszów Górczyca Gradówek Kotliska Mojesz Nagórze Niwnice Pieszków Płóczki Dolne Płóczki Górne Radłówka Radomiłowice Rakowice Małe Rakowice Wielkie Skała Skorzynice Sobota Ustronie Włodzice Małe Włodzice Wielkie Zbylutów Żerkowice

v t e Lwówek Śląski County
Seat: Lwówek Śląski
Urban-rural gminas	Gmina Gryfów Śląski Gmina Lubomierz Gmina Lwówek Śląski Gmina Mirsk Gmina Wleń

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