Prohibition Party


















































Prohibition Party
Chairman Rick Knox
Founded 1869; 150 years ago (1869)
Ideology
Temperance
Paleoconservatism
Christian democracy
Green conservatism
Political position Right-wing
Colors Blue, red, white
Seats in the Senate

0 / 100


Seats in the House

0 / 435


Governorships

0 / 50


State Upper Houses

0 / 1,921


State Lower Houses

0 / 5,411


Website
www.prohibitionparty.org

  • Politics of United States

  • Political parties

  • Elections


The Prohibition Party (PRO) is a political party in the United States best known for its historic opposition to the sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages. It is the oldest existing third party in the US. The party is an integral part of the temperance movement. While never one of the leading parties in the United States, it was once an important force in the Third Party System during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It declined dramatically after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. The party's candidate received 518 votes in the 2012 presidential election[1] and 5,617 votes in the 2016 presidential election.[2] The platform of the party is liberal in that it supports environmental stewardship, women's rights and free education, but is conservative on social issues, such as supporting temperance and advocating for a pro-life stance.[3]




Contents






  • 1 History


  • 2 Women and the Prohibition Party


  • 3 Post World War II


  • 4 Platform


  • 5 Electoral history


    • 5.1 Presidential campaigns


    • 5.2 Elected officials




  • 6 See also


    • 6.1 Primary sources




  • 7 References


  • 8 Further reading


  • 9 External links





History




National Prohibition Convention, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1892


The Prohibition Party was founded in 1869. Its first National Committee Chairman was John Russell of Michigan.[4] It succeeded in getting communities and also many counties in the states to outlaw the production and sale of intoxicating beverages.


At the same time, its ideology broadened to include aspects of progressivism. The party contributed to the third-party discussions of the 1910s and sent Charles H. Randall to the 64th, 65th and 66th Congresses as the representative of California's 9th congressional district. Democrat Sidney J. Catts of Florida, after losing a close Democratic primary, used the Prohibition line to win election as Governor of Florida in 1916; he remained a Democrat.


The Prohibition Party's proudest moment came in 1919, with the passage of the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlawed the production, sale, transportation, import and export of alcohol. The era during which alcohol was illegal in the United States is known as "Prohibition".


During the Prohibition era, the Prohibition Party pressed for stricter enforcement of the prohibition laws. During the 1928 election, for example, it considered endorsing Republican Herbert Hoover rather than running its own candidate. However, by a 3/4 vote, its national executive committee voted to nominate its own candidate, William F. Varney, instead. They did this because they felt Hoover's stance on prohibition was not strict enough.[5] The Prohibition Party became even more critical of Hoover after he was elected President. By the 1932 election, party chairman David Leigh Colvin thundered that "The Republican wet plank [i.e. supporting the repeal of Prohibition] means that Mr. Hoover is the most conspicuous turncoat since Benedict Arnold."[6] Hoover lost the election, but national prohibition was repealed anyway in 1933, with the 21st Amendment during the Roosevelt administration.



Women and the Prohibition Party


The 19th Amendment, which gave women the right to vote, did not pass until 1920. Yet, in 1869, the Prohibition Party became the first to accept women as party members[7] and even gave women who attended its first national convention full delegate rights. This was the first time any party had afforded women this right.[8] These women "spoke from the floor, entered debates, introduced resolutions, and voted on the party platform".[9] Women's suffrage appeared on the Prohibition Party platform in 1872. In 1892, the platform included the idea of equal pay for equal work. Delia L. Weatherby was an alternate delegate from the 4th congressional district of Kansas to the National Prohibition Convention in 1892, and also secured, the same year, for the second time by the same party, the nomination for the office of superintendent of public instruction in her own county. By contrast, women’s suffrage did not appear on the platform of either the Democratic or Republican platform until 1916. The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), which later became instrumental in the passage of the 18th Amendment, started out as the women’s branch of the Prohibition Party. It went on to become more influential than the party itself. It was "the largest women’s organization of the nineteenth century and the heart of the organized demand for prohibition and women’s rights as well as for prison and labor reform, for public support for neglected children, and for peace – in short for a transformed society dedicated to social justice".[8]


Some of the most important women involved in this movement were:




  • Marie C. Brehm – Vice Presidential candidate in 1924 – first unambiguously legally qualified woman ever to be nominated for this position[10]


  • Rachel Bubar Kelly – Vice Presidential candidate in 1996[10]


  • Susanna Madora Salter – First female mayor in the United States. Elected in Argonia, Kansas in 1887[11]


  • Eliza Stewart – Her successes in the courtroom were one reason why the Prohibition Party began to embrace lawsuits as a means to get their message across. Part of the Woman's Crusade. She went on to hold important positions within the party as well as help guide WCTU development, along with women such as Mattie McClellan Brown, Harriet Goff, and Amanda Way.[12]


  • C. Augusta Morse – In regards to the Woman's Crusade, she claimed it was "'the dawn of a new era in women's relation to reform. Never again can women be silenced by the ghost of the old dogma that her voice is not to be heard in public."[13]


  • Frances Willard – One of the founders of the WCTU. It is often forgotten that Willard made great advances before her involvement in the temperance movement. In 1871 she became the first female president of a college that granted degrees to women: Evanston College. She helped found the Association for the Advancement of Women in 1873 before she began her work in the temperance movement in 1874. After founding the WCTU, she became the first corresponding secretary. In 1879, she became the second president of the WCTU. During her 19 years as president, the WCTU became the largest organization of women in the United States. In 1883, she helped found the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Under her leadership, the WCTU advocated not only for temperance, but also for women's suffrage, equal pay for equal work, the eight-hour workday, world peace, and the protection of women and children in the workplace, among other things. The WCTU also created shelters for victims of abuse and free kindergartens.[14] She later became the first woman ever to be featured in Statuary Hall in the U.S. Capitol[15] and was honored in 2000 by the National Women's Hall of Fame.[14]


  • Emily Pitts Stevens joined the Prohibition Party in 1882, and led the movement, in 1888, to induce the Woman's Christian Temperance Union to endorse that party.[16]



Post World War II


The Prohibition Party has faded into obscurity since World War II. When it briefly changed its name to the "National Statesman Party" in 1977 (it reversed the change in 1980), Time magazine suggested that it was "doubtful" that the name change would "hoist the party out of the category of political oddity".[17]


The Prohibition Party has continued running presidential candidates every four years, but its vote totals have steadily dwindled. It last received more than 100,000 votes for president in 1948, and the 1976 election was the last time the party received more than 10,000 votes.


The Prohibition Party experienced a schism in 2003, as the party's prior presidential candidate, Earl Dodge, incorporated a rival party called the National Prohibition Party in Colorado.[18][19] An opposing faction nominated Gene C. Amondson for President and filed under the Prohibition banner in Louisiana. Dodge ran under the name of the historic Prohibition Party in Colorado,[20] while the Concerns of People Party allowed Amondson to run on its line against Dodge.[21] Amondson received 1,944 votes, nationwide, while Dodge garnered 140.


One key area of disagreement between the factions was over who should control payments from a trust fund dedicated to the Prohibition Party by George Pennock in 1930.[22] The fund pays approximately $8,000 per year, and during the schism these funds were divided between the factions.[23] Dodge died in 2007, allowing the dispute over the Pennock funds to finally be resolved in 2014.[24] The party is reported as having only "three dozen fee-paying members".[25]


In the 2016 election, the party nominated James Hedges. He qualified for the ballot in three states, Arkansas, Colorado, and Mississippi, and earned 5,514 votes.


On November 13, 2018, the Party met via telephone conference to nominate its 2020 Presidential and Vice-Presidential nominees. Bill Bayes of Mississippi, the 2016 Vice-Presidential nominee, of Mississippi was nominated for President on the first ballot over Adam Seaman of Massachusetts and Phil Collins of Nevada. C. L. Gammon of Tennessee was nominated as the Vice-Presidential candidate without opposition. [26]



Platform


The Prohibition Party platform, as listed on the party's web site in 2018, includes the following points:[27]



  • A non-interventionist foreign policy

  • Eliminating conscription in times of peace

  • Fair trade

  • Use of human rights considerations in determining most favored nation status

  • Abolition of the United States Federal Reserve and re-establishment of the Bank of the United States (another plank, however, notes the party position that the "government is not a bank")

  • Strict laws against usury

  • A "strict interpretation" of the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution that includes a right to use arms for defense and sport

  • Right to work


  • Blue laws prohibiting employers in all fields except public safety from requiring employers to work on the Sabbath

  • A fully funded Social Security system

  • A Balanced Budget Amendment

  • Increased spending on public works projects

  • Opposition of government financial interference in, or aid to, commerce

  • Definition of marriage as only between one man and one woman

  • Support for voluntary prayer in public schools

  • Opposition to attempts to remove religion from the public square

  • Free college education for all Americans

  • Job training programs paid for by tariffs

  • Pro-life

  • Opposition to physician-assisted suicide

  • Opposition to testing on animals

  • Prohibition on use of animals in sport

  • Prohibition on gambling and abolition of all state lotteries

  • Opposition to pornography

  • Prohibition of all non-medicinal drugs, including alcohol and tobacco


  • Propaganda campaigns to convince Americans of the evils of recreational drugs



Electoral history



Presidential campaigns


The Prohibition Party has nominated a candidate for president in every election since 1872, and is thus the longest-lived American political party after the Democrats and Republicans.





























































































































































































































































































































































































































Prohibition Party National Conventions and Campaigns
Year No. Convention Site & City Dates Presidential nominee Vice-Presidential nominee Votes Votes %

1872
1st Comstock's Opera House, Columbus, Ohio
Feb. 22, 1872
James Black (Pennsylvania)

John Russell (Michigan)
5,607 0.1

1876
2nd Halle's Hall,
Cleveland, Ohio
May 17, 1876
Green Clay Smith (Kentucky)

Gideon T. Stewart (Ohio)
6,945 0.08

1880
3rd June 17, 1880
Neal Dow (Maine)

Henry Adams Thompson (Ohio)
10,364 0.11

1884
4th Lafayette Hall,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
July 23–24, 1884
John P. St. John (Kansas)

William Daniel (Maryland)
147,482 1.50

1888
5th Tomlinson Hall,
Indianapolis, Indiana
May 30–31, 1888
Clinton B. Fisk (New Jersey)

John A. Brooks (Missouri)
249,819 2.20

1892
6th Music Hall,
Cincinnati, Ohio
June 29–30, 1892
John Bidwell (California)

James B. Cranfill (Texas)
270,879 2.24

1896
7th Exposition Hall, Pittsburgh May 27–28, 1896
Joshua Levering (Maryland)

Hale Johnson (Illinois)
131,312 0.94
[7th] Pittsburgh May 28, 1896
Charles Eugene Bentley (Nebraska)

James H. Southgate (N. Car.)
13,968 0.10

1900
8th First Regiment Armory,
Chicago, Illinois
June 27–28, 1900
John G. Woolley (Illinois)

Henry B. Metcalf (Rhode Island)
210,864 1.51

1904
9th Tomlinson Hall, Indianapolis June 29 to
July 1, 1904

Silas C. Swallow (Pennsylvania)

George W. Carroll (Texas)
259,102 1.92

1908
10th Memorial Hall, Columbus July 15–16, 1908
Eugene W. Chafin (Illinois)

Aaron S. Watkins (Ohio)
254,087 1.71

1912
11th on a large temporary pier,
Atlantic City, New Jersey
July 10–12, 1912 208,156 1.38

1916
12th St. Paul, Minnesota July 19–21, 1916
J. Frank Hanly (Indiana)
Rev. Dr. Ira Landrith (Tennessee) 221,302 1.19

1920
13th Lincoln, Nebraska July 21–22, 1920
Aaron S. Watkins (Ohio)

D. Leigh Colvin (New York)
188,787 0.71

1924
14th Memorial Hall, Columbus June 4–6, 1924
Herman P. Faris (Missouri)

Marie C. Brehm (California)
55,951 0.19

1928
15th Hotel LaSalle, Chicago July 10–12, 1928
William F. Varney (New York)
James A. Edgerton 20,101 0.05
[15th] [California ticket]
Herbert Hoover (California)

Charles Curtis (Kansas)
14,394

1932
16th
Cadle Tabernacle,
Indianapolis
July 5–7, 1932
William D. Upshaw (Georgia)

Frank S. Regan (Illinois)
81,905 0.21

1936
17th State Armory Building,
Niagara Falls, New York
May 5–7, 1936
D. Leigh Colvin (New York)
Alvin York (Tenn.) (declined);
Claude A. Watson (California)
37,659 0.08

1940
18th Chicago May 8–10, 1940
Roger W. Babson (Mass.)

Edgar V. Moorman (Illinois)
57,925 0.12

1944
19th Indianapolis Nov. 10–12, 1943
Claude A. Watson (California)
Floyd C. Carrier (Maryland) (withdrew);
Andrew N. Johnson (Kentucky)
74,758 0.16

1948
20th Winona Lake, Indiana June 26–28, 1947
Dale H. Learn (Pennsylvania)
103,708 0.21

1952
21st Indianapolis Nov. 13–15, 1951
Stuart Hamblen (California)

Enoch A. Holtwick (Illinois)
73,412 0.12

1956
22nd Camp Mack,
Milford, Indiana
Sept. 4–6, 1955
Enoch A. Holtwick (Illinois)

Herbert C. Holdridge (California) (withdrew);
Edwin M. Cooper (California)
41,937 0.07

1960
23rd Westminster Hotel,
Winona Lake
Sept. 1–3, 1959
Rutherford Decker (Missouri)

E. Harold Munn (Michigan)
46,203 0.07

1964
24th Pick Congress Hotel,
Chicago
August 26–27, 1963
E. Harold Munn (Michigan)
Mark R. Shaw (Massachusetts) 23,267 0.03

1968
25th YWCA, Detroit, Mich.
June 28–29, 1968
Rolland E. Fisher (Kansas)
15,123 0.02

1972
26th Nazarene Church Building,
Wichita, Kansas
June 24–25, 1971
Marshall E. Uncapher (Kansas)
13,497 0.02

1976
27th Beth Eden Baptist Church Bldg, Wheat Ridge, Colo.
June 26–27, 1975
Benjamin C. Bubar (Maine)

Earl F. Dodge (Colorado)
15,932 0.02

1980
28th Motel Birmingham,
Birmingham, Alabama
June 20–21, 1979 7,206 0.01

1984
29th Mandan, North Dakota June 22–24, 1983
Earl Dodge (Colorado)
Warren C. Martin (Kansas) 4,243 0.00

1988
30th Heritage House,
Springfield, Illinois
June 25–26, 1987
George Ormsby (Pennsylvania)
8,002 0.01

1992
31st
Minneapolis, Minnesota
June 24–26, 1991 961 0.00

1996
32nd
Denver, Colorado
1995
Rachel Bubar Kelly (Maine)
1,298 0.00

2000
33rd Bird-in-Hand, Pennsylvania June 28–30, 1999
W. Dean Watkins (Arizona)
208 0.00

2004
34th Fairfield Glade, Tennessee February 1, 2004
Gene Amondson (Washington)

Leroy Pletten (Michigan)
1,944 0.00
[34th] Lakewood, Colorado August 2003
Earl Dodge (Colorado)

Howard Lydick (Texas)
140 0.00

2008
35th Adam's Mark Hotel,
Indianapolis
Sept. 13–14, 2007
Gene Amondson (Washington)

Leroy Pletten (Michigan)
655 0.00

2012
36th Holiday Inn Express,
Cullman, Alabama
June 20–22, 2011
Jack Fellure (West Virginia)

Toby Davis (Mississippi)
518 0.00

2016
37th Conference call[28][29]
July 31, 2015
James Hedges (Pennsylvania)
Bill Bayes (Mississippi) 5,617[30]
0.00

2020
38th
Conference call[31]
November 16, 2018
Bill Bayes (Mississippi)
Connie Gammon (Tennessee)
n.a.



Elected officials




The Drunkard's Progress: A lithograph by Nathaniel Currier supporting the temperance movement, January 1846




  • Sidney Johnston Catts – Governor of Florida (1917–1921)


  • Charles Hiram Randall – California State Assemblyman (1911–12) and U.S. Representative from the 9th District of California (1915–21)


  • Susanna M. Salter – Mayor of Argonia, Kansas (1887): the first female mayor in the United States


  • James Hedges – Thompson Township, Pennsylvania, Tax Assessor (2002–2007):[32] the only known Prohibition Party office holder of the 21st century



See also




  • Robert P. Shuler

  • List of political parties in the United States

  • Social Conservatism

  • Alcohol during and after prohibition

  • Temperance organizations

  • Scottish Prohibition Party


  • Law Preservation Party (New York branch of the Prohibition Party)





Primary sources


  • Black, James. Is There a Necessity for a Prohibition Party? (National Temperance Society and Publication House, 1876.)[33]


References





  1. ^ Federal Elections 2012: Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives Archived 2013-10-02 at the Wayback Machine, Washington D.C., Federal Election Commission, July 2013.


  2. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-04-14. Retrieved 2012-04-14.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link).mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  3. ^ Lopez, German (28 October 2016). "There's a Prohibition Party candidate running for president in 2016". Vox. Retrieved 25 October 2018.


  4. ^ "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.


  5. ^ "National Affairs: Men of Principle". Time. September 10, 1928. Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-22.


  6. ^ "National Affairs: In Cadle Tabernacle". Time. July 18, 1932. Archived from the original on October 27, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-22.


  7. ^ "Give the Ladies a Chance: Gender and Partisanship in the Prohibition Party, 1869–1912". Journal of Women's History 2: 137


  8. ^ ab Gillespie, J. David. Challengers to Duopoly: Why Third Parties Matter in the American Two-Party System. 2012. p. 47


  9. ^ Andersen, Lisa M. F. 2011. "Give the Ladies a Chance: Gender and Partisanship in the Prohibition Party, 1869–1912". Journal of Women's History 2: 137


  10. ^ ab "Prohibitionists Historical Vote Record". Prohibitionists.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-01-30.


  11. ^ "Susanna Madora Salter - Kansapedia - Kansas Historical Society". KSHS. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-30.


  12. ^ Andersen, Lisa M. F. 2011. "Give the Ladies a Chance: Gender and Partisanship in the Prohibition Party, 1869–1912". Journal of Women's History 2: 143, 141.


  13. ^ Andersen, Lisa M. F. 2011. "Give the Ladies a Chance: Gender and Partisanship in the Prohibition Party, 1869–1912". Journal of Women's History 2: 145


  14. ^ ab "Frances E. Willard". 2000. National Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved on November 18, 2014 from [1]. Archived August 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine


  15. ^ Gillespie, J. David. 2012. Challengers to Duopoly: Why Third Parties Matter in American Two-Party Politics. Columbia: The University of South Carolina Press. P. 47


  16. ^ Willard, Frances Elizabeth; Livermore, Mary Ashton Rice (1893). A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life (Public domain ed.). Moulton. pp. 686–.


  17. ^ "Americana: Time to Toast the Party?". Time. November 7, 1977. Archived from the original on October 22, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-22.


  18. ^ Pitkin, Ryan (2004-10-13). "Beyond Bush, Kerry & Nader". Creative Loafing Charlotte. Archived from the original on 2011-06-16. Retrieved 2016-01-30.


  19. ^ The National Prohibitionist, 6/2003, p. 1


  20. ^ "CO US President Race - Nov 02, 2004". Our Campaigns. Archived from the original on 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2016-01-30.


  21. ^ The National Prohibitionist, 11/2004, p. 1.


  22. ^ "Internal Prohibition Party Battle Has Court Hearing on January 16". Ballot Access News. 2007-01-15. Archived from the original on 2016-02-02. Retrieved 2016-01-30.


  23. ^ "Ballot Access News - March 1, 2006". Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-30.


  24. ^ "Prohibition Party Now to Receive Full Pennock Trust Income". 19 October 2014. Archived from the original on 23 February 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2017.


  25. ^ "A sobering alternative? Prohibition party back on the ticket this election" Archived 2016-10-07 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, May 11, 2016.


  26. ^ http://ballot-access.org/2018/11/14/prohibition-party-nominates-national-ticket-for-2020/


  27. ^ "Prohibition Party | PLATFORM". prohibition. Retrieved 2019-02-07.


  28. ^ Winger, Richard (2015-05-07). "Prohibition Party Cancels Presidential Convention and Instead will Nominate by Direct Vote of Members". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on 2015-06-08. Retrieved 2015-06-08.


  29. ^ "Prohibition Party Nominates National Ticket". Ballot Access News. July 31, 2015. Archived from the original on August 3, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2015.


  30. ^ "2016 Election Results: President Live Map by State, Real-Time Voting Updates". Election Hub. Archived from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2017.


  31. ^ "Prohibition Party Nominates National Ticket for 2020 | Ballot Access News". ballot-access.org. Retrieved 2018-11-16.


  32. ^ "Candidates". Archived from the original on 12 October 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2016.


  33. ^ "Is There a Necessity for a Prohibition Party? - James Black". Books.google.com. 2008-06-16. Retrieved 2016-01-30.




Further reading



  • Andersen, Lisa, "From Unpopular to Excluded: Prohibitionists and the Ascendancy of a Democratic-Republican System, 1888–1912", Journal of Policy History, 24 (no. 2, 2012), pp. 288–318.

  • Cherrington, Ernest Hurst, ed. Standard encyclopedia of the alcohol problem (5 vol. 1930).

  • Colvin, David Leigh. Prohibition in the United States: a History of the Prohibition Party, and of the Prohibition Movement (1926))

  • McGirr, Lisa. The War on Alcohol: Prohibition and the Rise of the American State (2015)

  • Pegram, Thomas R. Battling demon rum: The struggle for a dry America, 1800–1933 (1998)



External links




  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata


  • Prohibition Partisan Historical Society (Official Website)


  • Prohibition Party on Facebook


  • Prohibition Party on Twitter


  • Partisan prophets; a history of the Prohibition Party, 1854–1972, Roger C. Storms












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