1994 Asian Games
 | |||
| Country | Japan | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Motto | Asian Harmony | ||
| Nations participating | 42 | ||
| Athletes participating | 6,828 | ||
| Events | 338 in 34 sports | ||
| Opening ceremony | 2 October | ||
| Closing ceremony | 16 October | ||
| Officially opened by | Akihito Emperor of Japan | ||
| Officially closed by | Ahmad Al-Fahad Al-Sabah President of the Olympic Council of Asia | ||
| Torch lighter | Aki Ichijo Yasunori Uchitomi | ||
| |||
The 1994 Asian Games (Japanese: 1994年アジア競技大会, 1994-nen Ajia kyōgi taikai), also known as the XII Asiad and the 12th Asian Games, were held from October 2 to 16, 1994, in Hiroshima, Japan. The main theme of this edition was to promote peace and harmony among Asian nations. It was emphasized by the host because the venue was the site of the first atomic bomb attack 49 years earlier. Due to the 1991 Gulf War, Iraq was suspended from the games.[1][2]
There were a total number of 6,828 athletes and officials involved, from 42 countries, with a total number of 34 events. Debut sports at this edition of the Asiad were baseball, karate and modern pentathlon.[1]
Contents
1 Bidding process
2 Development and preparation
2.1 Venues
3 Marketing
3.1 Logo
3.2 Mascot
4 The games
4.1 Participating nations
4.2 Sports
4.3 Calendar
4.4 Medal table
5 Doping scandal
6 References
7 External links
Bidding process
In 1983, two cities in Asia demonstrated interest to host the 1990 Asian Games, one was Beijing in the People's Republic of China and the other was Hiroshima in Japan.The two appeared before the Olympic Council of Asia, during a meeting of the same, the following year in Seoul, that also served as a previous meeting to evaluate the preparations of the city for the next Asian Games and also for the 1988 Summer Olympics.
Beijing eventually won the right to host the 1990 edition, while Hiroshima, when presenting an excellent technical level application, was ratified as the venue of the 1994 Games.[3]
34 votes were needed for selection.
| 1990 Asian Games bidding result | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| City | Country | Votes | ||||
| Beijing |  China | 44 | ||||
| Hiroshima |  Japan | 23 | ||||
Development and preparation
Venues
- Hiroshima
- Hiroshima Big Arch
- Main Stadium - Opening and closing ceremonies, Athletics, Football (finals)
- Regional Park Stadium Field 1 - Football (Group stage)
- Regional Park Stadium Field 2 - Hockey
- Tennis court - Tennis
- Hiroshima Institute of Technology
- Tsuru Memorial Center - Badminton
- Equestrian ground - Equestrian, Modern pentathlon (Equestrian)
- Others
Hiroshima Municipal Stadium - Baseball
Hiroshima Sogo Ground Baseball Park - Baseball- Hiroshima Velodrome - Cycling (Track)
- Hiroshima Sun Plaza - Gymnastics, Judo
- Hiroshima Big Wave Pool - Aquatics, Modern pentathlon (Swimming)
Hiroshima Shudo University - Softball, Kabaddi
Hiroshima University of Economics - Basketball
Hiroshima Prefectural Sports Center - Gymnastics, Volleyball- Naka Ward Sports Center - Boxing
- Higashi To Ward Sports Center - Handball
- Aki Ward Sports Center - Karate, Taekwondo, Wushu
- Saeki Ward Sports Center - Sepak takraw, Weightlifting
- Asakita Ward Sports Center - Table tennis
- Higashi Stadium East Hiroshima Park - Wrestling
- Seibu Kyuryo Toshi Clay Shooting Range - Shooting
- Hiroden bowl - Bowling
- Hiroshima Kanon Marina - Sailing
- Central Tennis Stadium - Soft tennis
- Fukuyama Ashida River - Rowing
- Senogawa Park - Archery
- Otake Stadium - Basketball
- Kure Nikoh Baseball Stadium - Baseball
Haji Dam - Canoeing- Tsutsuga Rifle Shooting Range - Shooting, Modern pentathlon (Shooting)
- Hiroshima Country Club - Golf
- Municipal central forest park - Cycling (Individual time trial)
- Mihara Region Plaza - Fencing, Modern Pentathlon (Fencing, Running)
Hiroshima Stadium - Football (Group Stage)
Miyoshi Athletic Stadium - Football (Group Stage)
Bingo Athletic Stadium - Football (Group stage)
Fukuyama Takegahana Stadium - Football (Women)
- Yamaguchi
UBE Highway - Cycling (Road race)
Marketing
Logo
The emblem of the games is an abstract image of a dove, symbol of peace, which resembles the letter 'H' initial as in the host city name Hiroshima, reflecting Hiroshima's desire for peace. The OCA emblem is the symbol of Asian Games as a whole which resembles athlete in motion.[4]
Mascot
Official mascots
The official mascot of the XII Asiad is a pair of white doves. Poppo and Cuccu, male and female respectively, represent peace and harmony - the main theme of this edition of the Asian Games.[2] They were designed by well-known manga artist and character designer Susumu Matsushita.
The games
Participating nations
National Olympic Committees (NOCs) are named according to their official IOC designations and arranged according to their official IOC country codes in 1994.[1]
|
|
|
Afghanistan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Cambodia
Hong Kong
Indonesia
Jordan
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Lebanon
Macau
Maldives
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Oman
Pakistan
Palestine 
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkmenistan
United Arab Emirates
Vietnam
Yemen
Sports
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|
|
Archery (
Athletics (
Diving (
Swimming (
Synchronized swimming (
Water polo (
Badminton (
Baseball (
Basketball (
Bowling (
Boxing (
Canoeing (
Cycling (
Equestrian (
Fencing (
Field hockey (
Football (
Golf (
Gymnastics (
Handball (
Judo (
Kabaddi (
Karate (
Modern pentathlon (
Rowing (
Sailing (
Sepak takraw (
Shooting (
Softball (
Soft tennis (
Table tennis (
Taekwondo (
Tennis (
Volleyball (
Weightlifting (
Wrestling (
Wushu (
Calendar
| OC | Opening ceremony | Event competitions | 1 | Gold medal events | CC | Closing ceremony |
| October 1994 | 1st Sat | 2nd Sun | 3rd Mon | 4th Tue | 5th Wed | 6th Thu | 7th Fri | 8th Sat | 9th Sun | 10th Mon | 11th Tue | 12th Wed | 13th Thu | 14th Fri | 15th Sat | 16th Sun | Events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Archery | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | |||||||||||||
 Athletics | 2 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 43 | |||||||||
 Badminton | 2 | 5 | 7 | ||||||||||||||
 Baseball | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
 Basketball | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
 Bowling | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 12 | |||||||||||
 Boxing | 12 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
 Canoeing | 7 | 6 | 13 | ||||||||||||||
 Cycling – Road | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
 Cycling – Track | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 | |||||||||||||
 Diving | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
 Equestrian | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||||
 Fencing | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | ||||||||
 Field hockey | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
 Football | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
 Golf | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
 Gymnastics – Artistic | 1 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 14 | ||||||||||||
 Gymnastics – Rhythmic | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
 Handball | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
 Judo | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 16 | ||||||||||||
 Kabaddi | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
 Karate | 4 | 4 | 3 | 11 | |||||||||||||
 Modern pentathlon | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
 Rowing | 12 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
 Sailing | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
 Sepaktakraw | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
 Shooting | 4 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 34 | ||||||||
 Soft tennis | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
 Softball | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
 Swimming | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 31 | ||||||||||
 Synchronized swimming | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
 Table tennis | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 7 | ||||||||||||
 Taekwondo | 4 | 4 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
 Tennis | 1 | 1 | 5 | 7 | |||||||||||||
 Volleyball | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
 Water polo | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
 Weightlifting | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 19 | ||||||||
 Wrestling | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 20 | ||||||||||||
 Wushu | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Daily medal events | 14 | 16 | 22 | 28 | 17 | 23 | 42 | 35 | 22 | 17 | 36 | 32 | 24 | 10 | 338 | ||
| Ceremonies | OC | CC | |||||||||||||||
| October 1994 | 1st Sat | 2nd Sun | 3rd Mon | 4th Tue | 5th Wed | 6th Thu | 7th Fri | 8th Sat | 9th Sun | 10th Mon | 11th Tue | 12th Wed | 13th Thu | 14th Fri | 15th Sat | 16th Sun | Total events |
Medal table
The top ten ranked NOCs at these Games are listed below. The host nation, Japan, is highlighted.
* Host nation (Japan)
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  China (CHN) | 126 | 83 | 57 | 266 |
| 2 |  Japan (JPN)* | 64 | 75 | 79 | 218 |
| 3 |  South Korea (KOR) | 63 | 56 | 64 | 183 |
| 4 |  Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 27 | 25 | 27 | 79 |
| 5 |  Uzbekistan (UZB) | 11 | 12 | 19 | 42 |
| 6 |  Iran (IRI) | 9 | 9 | 8 | 26 |
| 7 |  Chinese Taipei (TPE) | 7 | 13 | 24 | 44 |
| 8 |  India (IND) | 4 | 3 | 16 | 23 |
| 9 |  Malaysia (MAS) | 4 | 2 | 13 | 19 |
| 10 |  Qatar (QAT) | 4 | 1 | 5 | 10 |
| 11–32 | Remaining | 20 | 58 | 91 | 169 |
| Totals (32 nations) | 339 | 337 | 403 | 1079 | |
Doping scandal
The Chinese had 11 athletes test positive for the banned drugs and anabolic steroids at the 1994 Asian Games.[5] Less than a month before the Asian Games scandal at the 1994 world championships in Rome the Chinese had won 12 of the 16 women's swimming titles, with two of those nine world champions among those who tested positive at the Asian games.[6][7][8][9][10]
References
^ abc "Past Asian Games – Hiroshima 1994 Asian Games". beijing2008.cn (official website of 2008 Beijing Olympics). November 22, 2006. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved May 26, 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ ab "12th Asian Games Hiroshima 1994 - Poppo & CuCCu". GAGOC. gz2010.cn (official website of 2010 Asian Games). April 27, 2008. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ "The 11th Asian Games : Beijing, China". Hangzhou 2022 Official Website. 4 September 2018.
^ "Outline". Archived from the original on 1998-02-05. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
^ "10 Drug Scandals–Chinese swim team". cbc.ca (CBC Sports Online). January 19, 2003. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ Parr, Derek (July 13, 2000). "Chinese World Record-Holder Tests Positive for Steroids". swimmingworldmagazine.com (Swimming World Magazine). Archived from the original on 2012-09-02. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ Wolff, Alexandra (October 16, 1995). "The China Syndrome". sportsillustrated.com (Sports Illustrated). Retrieved May 26, 2011.
^ "OLYMPICS; Drug Sleuths' Surprise Produces a Breakthrough". The New York Times. 18 December 1994. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
^ "Swimming: Two-year ban for Chinese". The Independent. HighBeam Research. 13 December 1994. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
^ "Asian Games". The Washington Post. HighBeam Research. 5 December 1994. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
External links
- Hiroshima city university Asian Games page
| Preceded by Beijing | Asian Games Hiroshima XII Asian Games (1994) | Succeeded by Bangkok |
Asian Games | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Summer Games |
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| Winter Games |
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