Proving ground




For other uses, see Proving ground (disambiguation).

A proving ground (US), training area (Australia, Ireland, UK) or training centre (Canada) is a military installation or reservation where weapons or other military technology are experimented with or are tested, or where military tactics are tested.


While these types of facilities are usually military or government establishments, some civilian industries have their own proving grounds for testing prototypes and new technologies.


.mw-parser-output .tocright{float:right;clear:right;width:auto;background:none;padding:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em;margin-bottom:.5em}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-left{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .tocright-clear-none{clear:none}



Contents






  • 1 Military and Government


    • 1.1 Asia


      • 1.1.1 Republic of Korea




    • 1.2 Australasia


      • 1.2.1 Australia




    • 1.3 Europe


      • 1.3.1 Austria


      • 1.3.2 Czech Republic


      • 1.3.3 Finland


      • 1.3.4 Germany


      • 1.3.5 Ireland


      • 1.3.6 Italy


      • 1.3.7 Poland


      • 1.3.8 Portugal




    • 1.4 Spain


      • 1.4.1 United Kingdom




    • 1.5 Russia/former Soviet Union


    • 1.6 North America


      • 1.6.1 Canada


      • 1.6.2 United States






  • 2 Civilian Facilities


    • 2.1 Automakers


    • 2.2 Other automotive




  • 3 Footnotes


  • 4 Further reading


  • 5 External links





Military and Government



Asia



Republic of Korea


  • Anheung Proving Ground, Taean County (36.680° 126.200°).[1][2]


Australasia



Australia


  • (Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area) Shoalwater Bay, Queensland (4545 km2)


Europe



Austria




  • Allentsteig, Lower Austria (157 km2), largest training area in Austria


  • Bruckneudorf, Lower Austria


  • Glainach, Carinthia[citation needed]


  • Großmittel, Lower Austria[citation needed]


  • Hochfilzen, Tyrol[citation needed]


  • Marwiesen, Carinthia[citation needed]


  • Lizum-Walchen, Tyrol (50 km2)


  • Pöls, Styria.[citation needed]

  • Seetaler Alpen, Styria[citation needed]



Czech Republic




Military Area Boletice, Czech Republic


Main article: Unincorporated Areas of the Czech Republic

There are five proving grounds in the Czech Republic with the total area of 1296 km2.



Finland




  • Rovajärvi proving ground near Rovaniemi in Lapland is the largest proving ground in Northern Europe.

  • The Artillery Brigade in Niinisalo, currently houses the Finnish ordnance R&D center (established 1921).



Germany




  • Bergen-Hohne Training Area, Lower Saxony (284 km2), NATO facility, largest training area in Germany.


  • Grafenwöhr, Bavaria (229 km2) a US facility


  • Hammelburg, Bavaria (40 km2). Hammelburg features a complete artificial village for training purposes of the German Army


  • Hohenfels, Bavaria (160 km2)


  • Heuberg Training Area, Baden-Württemberg.


  • Munster Training Area, Lower Saxony.


  • Sennelager Training Area, North Rhine-Westphalia, managed by the British Army.



Ireland



  • Glen of Imaal (27 km2), an Irish Army artillery, live fire and tactical training area.


Italy



  • Salto di Quirra (120 km2), an Italian interforce proving ground located on Sardinia.[3]


Poland




  • Drawsko Pomorskie (340 km2) belongs to the Polish Army and Air Force (since 1946), and has also been used by NATO since 1996. This facility is internationally known as DPTA - Drawsko Pomorskie Training Area. It is also an important site of archeological excavations.


  • Ośrodek Szkolenia Poligonowego Wojsk Lądowych Żagań (about 34,000 ha) in Żagań County and Bolesławiec County; belongs to Polish Land Forces also used by NATO[citation needed]



Portugal



  • Alcochete (75 km2) - artillery and air bombing range. Established in 1904, it was managed by the Portuguese Army until 1993 and since then is managed by the Portuguese Air Force. It is the largest closed military facility in Europe. In 2008, it was chosen to be the site of the future New Lisbon International Airport.


Spain


  • Chinchilla, Albacete. (CENAD Chinchilla) 232 km2

  • San Gregorio, Zaragoza. (CENAD San Gregorio) 340 km2


United Kingdom




  • Salisbury Plain Training Area, United Kingdom (380 km2)


  • Stanford Training Area (STANTA), Norfolk United Kingdom 120 km2) - established 1942, includes an "Afghan" village


  • Otterburn Training Area, Northumberland, United Kingdom (242 km2)



Russia/former Soviet Union


In Russia a designated area is usually called a "polygon" (Полигон).




  • Kapustin Yar - aerial weapons/rocket test range, North Caucasus Military District


  • Totskoye range nuclear tests - test range in the Urals where nuclear tests were carried out in 1954


  • YakutiaChallenge - winter test proving ground in Yakutia, Eastern Siberia[citation needed]



North America



Canada




  • CFB Suffield, Alberta (2690 km2) - training base for Canadian Forces and British Army


  • Canadian Forces Base Wainwright, Alberta (609 km2) - home to Land Force Western Area Training Centre (LFWATC) and the Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre (CMTC)


  • CFB Shilo, Manitoba (400 km2) - Home Station of the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery


  • Land Force Central Area Training Centre Meaford, Ontario (68 km2) - Training center for the 4th Canadian Division


  • Garrison Petawawa, Ontario (307 km2) - home to 2 CMBG and 4th CDSG


  • CFB Valcartier, Quebec (28 km2) - home to 5 CMBG


  • CFB Gagetown, New Brunswick (1100 km2) - Primary Eastern Canada training area


  • Land Force Atlantic Area Training Centre Aldershot, Nova Scotia (11.4 km,2)



United States


In the United States, there are several military facilities that have been designated as Proving Grounds.




  • Aberdeen Proving Ground is a United States Army facility located at Aberdeen, Maryland, and is the Army's oldest active proving ground, established on October 20, 1917, six months after the United States entered World War I. It was created so that design and testing of ordnance materiel could be carried out in proximity to the nation's industrial and shipping centers at the time.


  • Dugway Proving Ground in an active facility operated by the United States Army Test and Evaluation Command in the Great Salt Lake Desert of Utah. Dugway's mission is to test U.S. and Allied biological and chemical weapon defense systems.


  • Fort Belvoir Proving ground, in Fairfax County, Virginia.


  • Indian Head Naval Surface Warfare Center located in Indian Head, Maryland, at one time called the Indian Head Proving Ground.


  • Jefferson Proving Ground located in Madison, Indiana, was principally a munitions testing facility of Test and Evaluation Command of the United States Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command. The facility was ordered closed in 1989 as part of the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process.


  • Pacific Proving Ground is an inactive U.S. Department of Energy area in the Marshall Islands that were established by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in 1946 for detonation of nuclear devices for testing weapon design and effects. It mainly consists of Bikini Atoll, Enewetak Atoll & the surrounding area. Deactivated in 1963.


  • Sandy Hook Proving Ground, at Sandy Hook, New Jersey was the nation's first such facility. It was created in 1874 and was used as a proving ground until 1919.


  • Scituate Proving Ground, a former proving ground in Scituate, Massachusetts, operational from 1918 to 1921.


  • Yuma Proving Ground is a United States Army facility situated in southwestern La Paz County and western Yuma County in southwestern Arizona, U.S., approximately 30 miles (48 km) north-east of the city of Yuma. The proving ground is used for testing military equipment and encompasses 1,307.8 square miles (3,387.2 km²) in the Sonoran Desert.



Civilian Facilities



Automakers




  • Chrysler Corporation - See Chrysler Proving Grounds


  • Ford Motor Company - See Ford Proving Grounds


  • General Motors Corporation - See General Motors Proving Grounds


  • Mazda Motors Corporation - See Mazda Proving Grounds


  • Nissan Motors - See Nissan Proving Grounds


  • Porsche Engineering - Nardò Ring


  • VW Group - Ehra-Lessien test track



Other automotive




  • fr:UTAC CERAM, France


  • Applus IDIADA, Spain


  • de:Automotive Testing Papenburg, Germany


  • HORIBA MIRA, United Kingdom

  • Bruntingthorpe Airfield & Proving Ground, United Kingdom

  • Millbrook Proving Ground, United Kingdom

  • TRIWO Automotive Testing Center, vehicle testing proving grounds close to Frankfurt and Saarbruecken, Germany[4]



Footnotes





  1. ^ Lewis, Jeffrey (June 28, 2017). "Anheung Proving Ground". Arms Control Wonk. Archived from the original on June 28, 2017..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Lewis, Jeffrey (June 24, 2017). "South Korean President Moon watched a missile test. We don't pay enough attention to South Korea's missiles. 1/". Twitter. Retrieved June 28, 2017.


  3. ^ Poligono Sperimentale e di Addestramento Interforze del Salto di Quirra


  4. ^ KFZ-Testcenter, Triwo. "Teststrecken-Kalender | Triwo KFZ-Testcenter". www.triwo-testcenter.de (in German). Retrieved 17 January 2018.




Further reading


  • Edwin A. Martini (ed.), Proving Grounds: Militarized Landscapes, Weapons Testing, and the Environmental Impact of US Bases. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2015.


External links




  • Finnish ordnance center at mil.fi (in Finnish)

  • YakutiaChallenge

  • Drawsko Pomorskie Training Area

  • Otterburn Training Area








-

這個網誌中的熱門文章

Xamarin.form Move up view when keyboard appear

圖片
.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty{ height:90px;width:728px;box-sizing:border-box; } 0 I'm trying to build a Chat app UI, the idea of the Layout was pretty simple: When the input bar is focused, keyboard show up and "push" up the chat bar, as it's a grid, the ListView will resize to fit the screen: I update the input bar's margin to "push" it up: NSValue result = (NSValue)args.Notification.UserInfo.ObjectForKey(new NSString(UIKeyboard.FrameEndUserInfoKey)); CGSize keyboardSize = result.RectangleFValue.Size; if (Element != null){ Element.Margin = new Thickness(0, 0, 0,keyboardSize.Height); //push the entry up to keyboard height when keyboard is activated } And this is ...
閱讀完整內容

Post-Redirect-Get with Spring WebFlux and Thymeleaf

圖片
.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty{ height:90px;width:728px;box-sizing:border-box; } 2 Can someone explain to me how to implement the post-redirect-get pattern in Spring WebFlux and Thymeleaf? What subscribes on the database save method? @GetMapping("/register") public String showRegisterForm(Model model) { model.addAttribute("user", new User()); return "register"; } @PostMapping public String processRegisterForm(@Valid User user, BindingResult bindingResult) { if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) { return "register"; } else { userRepository.save(user); //what subscribes on this? //how to redirect on e.g. "/login"? ...
閱讀完整內容

Anylogic : not able to use stopDelay()

圖片
-2 I am building a railway station model. I want a train to depart when I click a button. I want to call stopDelay() for that but I am not sure how to do that and from which place. anylogic share | improve this question asked Nov 23 '18 at 10:12 Anupam Singh Anupam Singh 1 Hi Anupam, welcome to SOF. Please check how to ask good questions, see link below. Your question is...
閱讀完整內容