Space Shuttle Discovery




Space shuttle orbiter






























































Discovery
OV-103

STS-124 launch from a distance.jpg
Space Shuttle Discovery launches from NASA Kennedy Space Center Launch Pad 39A on mission STS-124 on May 31, 2008.

OV designation OV-103
Country United States
Contract award January 29, 1979
Named after
Discovery (1602),
HMS Discovery (1774),
HMS Discovery (1874),
RRS Discovery (1901),
Discovery One
Status Retired, on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, Virginia[1]
First flight
STS-41-D
August 30, 1984 (1984-08-30) – September 5, 1984
Last flight
STS-133
February 24, 2011 (2011-02-24) – March 9, 2011

No. of missions
39
Crew members 252[2]
Time spent in space 1 year (365 days), 22 hours, 39 minutes, 33 seconds
Distance travelled 148,221,675 mi (238,539,663 km)[3]
Satellites deployed 31 (including Hubble Space Telescope)

Mir dockings
1[3]

ISS dockings
13[3]



Space Shuttle Discovery at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center





Discovery rollout ceremony in October 1983


Space Shuttle Discovery (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-103) is one of the orbiters from NASA's Space Shuttle program and the third of five fully operational orbiters to be built.[4] Its first mission, STS-41-D, flew from August 30 to September 5, 1984. Over 27 years of service it launched and landed 39 times, gathering more spaceflights than any other spacecraft to date. The shuttle has three main components: the orbiter, a central fuel tank, and two rocket boosters. Nearly 25,000 heat resistant tiles cover the orbiter to protect it from high temperatures on re-entry. [5]


Discovery became the third operational orbiter to enter service, preceded by Columbia and Challenger.[6] It embarked on its last mission, STS-133, on February 24, 2011 and touched down for the final time at Kennedy Space Center on March 9,[7] having spent a cumulative total of almost a full year in space. Discovery performed both research and International Space Station (ISS) assembly missions. It also carried the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit. Discovery was the first operational shuttle to be retired, followed by Endeavour and then Atlantis.




Contents






  • 1 History


  • 2 Construction milestones


  • 3 Upgrades and features


  • 4 Decommissioning and display


  • 5 Flights


    • 5.1 Flights listing


    • 5.2 Mission and tribute insignias




  • 6 Flow directors


  • 7 Gallery


  • 8 See also


  • 9 References


  • 10 External links





History


The name Discovery was chosen to carry on a tradition based on ships of exploration,[4] primarily HMS Discovery,[8] one of the ships commanded by Captain James Cook during his third and final major voyage from 1776 to 1779, and Henry Hudson's Discovery,[4] which was used in 1610–1611 to explore Hudson Bay and search for a Northwest Passage. Other ships bearing the name have included HMS Discovery[9] of the 1875–1876 British Arctic Expedition to the North Pole and RRS Discovery, which led the 1901–1904 "Discovery Expedition" to Antarctica.[10]


Discovery launched the Hubble Space Telescope and conducted the second and third Hubble service missions. It also launched the Ulysses probe and three TDRS satellites. Twice Discovery was chosen as the "Return To Flight" Orbiter, first in 1988 after the loss of Challenger in 1986, and then again for the twin "Return To Flight" missions in July 2005 and July 2006 after the Columbia disaster in 2003. Project Mercury astronaut John Glenn, who was 77 at the time, flew with Discovery on STS-95 in 1998, making him the oldest person to go into space.[11]


Had plans to launch United States Department of Defense payloads from Vandenberg Air Force Base gone ahead, Discovery would have become the dedicated US Air Force shuttle.[12] Its first West Coast mission, STS-62-A, was scheduled for 1986, but canceled in the aftermath of Challenger.


Discovery was retired after completing its final mission, STS 133 on March 9, 2011. The spacecraft is now on display in Virginia at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, an annex of the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum.[1]



Construction milestones



















































































































Date
Milestone[10]
1979 January 29
Contract Award to Rockwell International's Space Transportation Systems Division in Downey, California
1979 August 27
Start long lead fabrication of Crew Module
1980 June 20
Start fabrication lower fuselage
1980 November 10
Start structural assembly of aft-fuselage
1980 December 8
Start initial system installation aft fuselage
1981 March 2
Start fabrication/assembly of payload bay doors
1981 October 26
Start initial system installation, crew module, Downey
1982 January 4
Start initial system installation upper forward fuselage
1982 March 16
Midfuselage on dock, Palmdale, California
1982 March 30

Elevons on dock, Palmdale
1982 April 30

Wings arrive at Palmdale from Grumman
1982 April 30
Lower forward fuselage on dock, Palmdale
1982 July 16
Upper forward fuselage on dock, Palmdale
1982 August 5

Vertical stabilizer on dock, Palmdale
1982 September 3
Start of Final Assembly
1982 October 15
Body flap on dock, Palmdale
1983 January 11
Aft fuselage on dock, Palmdale
1983 February 25
Complete final assembly and closeout installation, Palmdale
1983 February 28
Start initial subsystems test, power-on, Palmdale
1983 May 13
Complete initial subsystems testing
1983 July 26
Complete subsystems testing
1983 August 12
Completed Final Acceptance
1983 October 16
Rollout from Palmdale
1983 November 5
Overland transport from Palmdale to Edwards Air Force Base
1983 November 9
Delivery to Kennedy Space Center
1984 June 2
Flight Readiness Firing
1984 August 30
First Flight (STS-41-D)


Upgrades and features




On the maiden voyage of Discovery: Judith Resnik, Henry Hartsfield, Michael L. Coats, Steven A. Hawley, Charles D. Walker, and Richard M. Mullane





Discovery rocketing into space, just after booster separation.


Discovery weighed roughly 3600 kg (3.6t) less than Columbia when it was brought into service due to optimizations determined during the construction and testing of Enterprise, Columbia and Challenger.[11]Discovery weighs 6 pounds (2.7 kg) heavier than Atlantis and 363 pounds (165 kg) heavier than Endeavour.[2]


Part of the Discovery weight optimizations included the greater use of quilted AFRSI blankets rather than the white LRSI tiles on the fuselage, and the use of graphite epoxy instead of aluminum for the payload bay doors and some of the wing spars and beams.[13]


Upon its delivery to the Kennedy Space Center in 1983, Discovery was modified alongside Challenger to accommodate the liquid-fueled Centaur-G booster, which had been planned for use beginning in 1986 but was cancelled in the wake of the Challenger disaster.[14]


Beginning in late 1995, the orbiter underwent a nine-month Orbiter Maintenance Down Period (OMDP) in Palmdale, California. This included outfitting the vehicle with a 5th set of cryogenic tanks and an external airlock to support missions to the International Space Station. As with all the orbiters, it could be attached to the top of specialized aircraft and did so in June 1996 when it returned to the Kennedy Space Center, and later in April 2012 when sent to the Udvar-Hazy Center, riding piggy-back on a modified Boeing 747.[11]


After STS-105, Discovery became the first of the orbiter fleet to undergo Orbiter Major Modification (OMM) period at the Kennedy Space Center. Work began in September 2002 to prepare the vehicle for Return to Flight. The work included scheduled upgrades and additional safety modifications.[11]



Decommissioning and display


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Discovery riding piggy-back on SCA N905NA on the last flyover of the National Mall at around 10:15 am EDT, during its 11:05 am landing at Dulles airport on April 17, 2012.[15]









Enterprise and Discovery exchanged and Discovery on display at the National Air and Space Museum, Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center



Discovery was decommissioned on March 9, 2011.[16][17]


NASA offered Discovery to the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum for public display and preservation, after a month-long decontamination process,[18] as part of the national collection.[19][20][21]Discovery replaced Enterprise in the Smithsonian's display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Virginia.[22][23][24]Discovery was transported to Washington Dulles International Airport on April 17, 2012, and was transferred to the Udvar-Hazy on April 19 where a welcome ceremony was held. Afterwards, at around 5: 30 pm, Discovery was rolled to its "final wheels stop" in the Udvar Hazy Center.[25][26]



Flights




Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) deployed


By its last mission, Discovery had flown 149 million miles (238 million km) in 39 missions, completed 5,830 orbits, and spent 365 days in orbit over 27 years.[27]Discovery flew more flights than any other Orbiter Shuttle, including four in 1985 alone. Discovery flew all three "return to flight" missions after the Challenger and Columbia disasters: STS-26 in 1988, STS-114 in 2005, and STS-121 in 2006. Discovery flew the ante-penultimate mission of the Space Shuttle program, STS-133, having launched on February 24, 2011. Endeavour flew STS-134 and Atlantis performed STS-135, NASA's last Space Shuttle mission. On February 24, 2011, Space Shuttle Discovery launched from Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39-A to begin its final orbital flight.[28]



Flights listing



























































































































































































































































































#
Date
Designation
Notes
Length of journey
1

August 30, 1984

STS-41-D
First Discovery mission: Judith Resnik became second American woman in Space. Three communications satellites were put into orbit, including LEASAT F2.
6 days, 00 hours,
56 minutes, 04 seconds
2

November 8, 1984

STS-51-A
Launched two and rescued two communications satellites including LEASAT F1.
7 days, 23 hours,
44 minutes, 56 seconds
3

January 24, 1985

STS-51-C
Launched DOD Magnum ELINT satellite.
3 days, 01 hours,
33 minutes, 23 seconds-
4

April 12, 1985

STS-51-D
Launched two communications satellites including LEASAT F3. Carried first incumbent United States member of Congress into space, Senator Jake Garn (R–Utah)
6 days, 23 hours,
55 minutes, 23 seconds
5

June 17, 1985

STS-51-G
Launched two communications satellites, Sultan Salman al-Saud becomes first Saudi Arabian in space.
7 days, 01 hours,
38 minutes, 52 seconds
6

August 27, 1985

STS-51-I
Launched two communications satellites including LEASAT F4. Recovered, repaired, and redeployed LEASAT F3.
7 days, 02 hours,
17 minutes, 42 seconds
7

September 29, 1988

STS-26
Return to flight after Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, launched TDRS.
4 days, 01 hours,
00 minutes, 11 seconds
8

March 13, 1989

STS-29
Launched TDRS.
4 days, 23 hours,
38 minutes, 52 seconds
9

November 22, 1989

STS-33
Launched DOD Magnum ELINT satellite.
5 days, 00 hours,
06 minutes, 49 seconds
10

April 24, 1990

STS-31
Launch of Hubble Space Telescope (HST).
5 days, 01 hours,
16 minutes, 06 seconds
11

October 6, 1990

STS-41
Launch of Ulysses.
4 days, 02 hours,
10 minutes, 04 seconds
12

April 28, 1991

STS-39
Launched DOD Air Force Program-675 (AFP-675) satellite.
8 days, 07 hours,
22 minutes, 23 seconds
13

September 12, 1991

STS-48

Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS).
5 days, 08 hours,
27 minutes, 38 seconds
14

January 22, 1992

STS-42
International Microgravity Laboratory-1 (IML-1).
8 days, 01 hours,
14 minutes, 44 seconds
15

December 2, 1992

STS-53
Department of Defense payload.
7 days, 07 hours,
19 minutes, 47 seconds
16

April 8, 1993

STS-56
Atmospheric Laboratory (ATLAS-2).
9 days, 06 hours,
08 minutes, 24 seconds
17

September 12, 1993

STS-51

Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS).
9 days, 20 hours,
11 minutes, 11 seconds
18

February 3, 1994

STS-60
First Shuttle-Mir mission; Wake Shield Facility (WSF). First Russian launched in an American spacecraft (Sergei Krikalev).
8 days, 07 hours,
09 minutes, 22 seconds
19

September 9, 1994

STS-64
LIDAR In-Space Technology Experiment (LITE).
10 days, 22 hours,
49 minutes, 57 seconds
20

February 3, 1995

STS-63
Rendezvous with Mir space station. First female shuttle pilot Eileen Collins.[2]
8 days, 06 hours,
29 minutes, 36 seconds
21

July 13, 1995

STS-70
7th Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS).
8 days, 22 hours,
20 minutes, 05 seconds
22

February 11, 1997

STS-82
Servicing Hubble Space Telescope (HST) (HSM-2).
9 days, 23 hours,
38 minutes, 09 seconds
23

August 7, 1997

STS-85
Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes (CRISTA).
11 days, 20 hours,
28 minutes, 07 seconds
24

June 2, 1998

STS-91
Final Shuttle/Mir Docking Mission.
9 days, 19 hours,
55 minutes, 01 seconds
25

October 29, 1998

STS-95

SPACEHAB, second flight of John Glenn, who was 77 years of age at that time, the oldest man in space and third incumbent member of Congress to enter space. Pedro Duque became the first Spaniard in space.
8 days, 21 hours,
44 minutes, 56 seconds
26

May 27, 1999

STS-96
First Orbiter Shuttle and first mission flight to dock with the International Space Station[2]
9 days, 19 hours,
13 minutes, 57 seconds
27

December 19, 1999

STS-103
Servicing Hubble Space Telescope (HST) (HSM-3A).
7 days, 23 hours,
11 minutes, 34 seconds
28

October 11, 2000

STS-92
International Space Station Assembly Flight (carried and assembled the Z1 truss); 100th Shuttle mission.
12 days, 21 hours,
43 minutes, 47 seconds
29

March 8, 2001

STS-102
International Space Station crew rotation flight (Expedition 1 and Expedition 2)
12 days, 19 hours,
51 minutes, 57 seconds
30

August 10, 2001

STS-105
International Space Station crew and supplies delivery (Expedition 2 and Expedition 3)
11 days 21 hours,
13 minutes, 52 seconds
31

July 26, 2005

STS-114
First "Return To Flight" mission since Space Shuttle Columbia disaster; International Space Station (ISS) supplies delivery, new safety procedures testing and evaluation, Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) Raffaello.
13 days, 21 hours,
33 minutes, 00 seconds
32

July 4, 2006

STS-121
Second "Return To Flight" mission since the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster; International Space Station (ISS) supplies delivery, test new safety and repair techniques.
12 days, 18 hours,
37 minutes, 54 seconds
33

December 9, 2006

STS-116
ISS crew rotation and assembly (carries and assembles the P5 truss segment); Last flight to launch on pad 39-B;
First night launch since Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
12 days, 20 hours,
44 minutes, 16 seconds
34

October 23, 2007

STS-120
ISS crew rotation and assembly (carries and assembles the Harmony module).
15 days, 02 hours,
23 minutes, 55 seconds
35

May 31, 2008

STS-124
ISS crew rotation and assembly (carries and assembles the Kibō JEM PM module).
13 days, 18 hours,
13 minutes, 07 seconds
36

March 15, 2009

STS-119
International Space Station crew rotation and assembly of a fourth
starboard truss segment (ITS S6) and a fourth set of solar arrays and batteries. Also replaced a failed unit for a system that converts urine to drinking water.
12 days, 19 hours,
29 minutes, 33 seconds
37

August 28, 2009

STS-128
International Space Station crew rotation and ISS resupply using the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module. Also carried the C.O.L.B.E.R.T treadmill named after Stephen Colbert
13 days 20 hours, 54 minutes, 40 seconds
38

April 5, 2010

STS-131
ISS resupply using the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module. The mission also marked the first time that four women were in space and the first time that two Japanese astronauts were together on a space station.[29] Longest mission for this Orbiter.
15 days 2 hours, 47 minutes 11 seconds‡
39

February 24, 2011

STS-133
The mission launched at 4:53 pm EST on February 24, was carrying the Permanent Multipurpose Module (PMM) Leonardo, the ELC-4 and Robonaut 2 to the ISS.[30] Final flight of Discovery.
12 days 19 hours,
4 minutes, 50 seconds

‡ Longest shuttle mission for Discovery
– shortest shuttle mission for Discovery



Mission and tribute insignias




NASA Orbiter Tribute for Space Shuttle Discovery







































































































Mission insignias for Discovery flights

Sts-41-d-patch.png


Sts-51-a-patch.png


Sts-51-c-patch.png


Sts-51-d-patch.png


Sts-51-g-patch.png


Sts-51-i-patch.png


Sts-26-patch.png


Sts-29-patch.png


STS-41-D

STS-51-A

STS-51-C

STS-51-D

STS-51-G

STS-51-I

STS 26

STS 29

Sts-33-patch.png


Sts31 flight insignia.png


Sts-41-patch.png


STS-39 patch.svg


Sts-48-patch.png


Sts-42-patch.png


STS-53 patch.svg


Sts-56-patch.png


STS 33

STS 31

STS 41

STS 39

STS 48

STS 42

STS 53

STS 56

STS-51 patch.svg


Sts-60-patch.png


Sts-64-patch.png


Sts-63-patch.png


Sts-70-patch.png


Sts-82-patch.png


Sts-85-patch.png


Sts-91-patch.svg


STS 51

STS 60

STS 64

STS 63

STS 70

STS 82

STS 85

STS 91

STS-95 Patch.svg


Sts-96-patch.svg


Sts-103-patch.png


Sts-92-patch.svg


STS-102 Patch.svg


Sts-105-patch.svg


STS-114 patch.svg


STS-121 patch.svg


STS 95

STS 96

STS 103

STS 92

STS 102

STS 105

STS 114

STS 121

STS-116 emblem.svg


Sts-120-patch.svg


STS-124 patch.svg


STS-119 Patch.svg


STS-128 Patch.svg


STS-131 patch.svg


STS-133 patch.svg


STS 116

STS 120

STS 124

STS 119

STS 128

STS 131

STS 133



Flow directors


The Flow Director was responsible for the overall preparation of the shuttle for launch and processing it after landing, and remained permanently assigned to head the spacecraft's ground crew while the astronaut flight crews changed for every mission. Each shuttle's Flow Director was supported by a Vehicle Manager for the same spacecraft. Space Shuttle Discovery's Flow Directors were:



  • Until 01/1991: John J. "Tip" Talone Jr. (afterwards Flow Director for Endeavour)[31]

  • 01/1991 – 09/1992: John C. "Chris" Fairey[31]

  • 09/1992 – 10/1996: David A. King[32]

  • 10/1996 – 05/2000: W. Scott Cilento[33]

  • 12/2000 – 03/2011: Stephanie S. Stilson[34]



Gallery

































STS-41-D launch August 30, 1984.jpg

07042007 SpaceShuttle Discovery.jpg

Space Shuttle Discovery under a full moon, 03-11-09.jpg

Discovery sits atop a Boeing 747 as it touched down.jpg

Space Shuttle Discovery lands for the first time, completing STS-41-D.jpg

The launch of STS-41-D, Discovery's first mission.

STS-121 launched on July 4, 2006 – the only Shuttle to launch on Independence Day.

STS-119 on the night of March 11, 2009.

Discovery sits atop a modified Boeing 747 as it touches down.

Discovery lands after its first flight, STS-41-D.

STS-121-DiscoveryEnhanced.jpg

Discovery mission completed q.jpg

Modified Boeing 747 carrying Discovery.jpg

Space Shuttle Discovery Landing after STS-124.jpg

Concluding the STS-133 mission, Space Shuttle Discovery touches down at the Shuttle Landing Facility - cropped.jpg

Discovery performing the Rendezvous pitch maneuver prior to docking with the International Space Station.

The Space Shuttle Discovery soon after landing

Modified Boeing 747 carrying Discovery.

STS-124 comes to a close as Discovery lands at the Kennedy Space Center.

Discovery's final touchdown on Kennedy Space Center's runway, concluding the STS-133 mission and Discovery's 27-year career.



See also




  • List of human spaceflights

  • List of Space Shuttle crews

  • List of Space Shuttle missions

  • Timeline of Space Shuttle missions



References


 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.





  1. ^ ab "Space Shuttle Discovery Joins the National Collection". April 12, 2011. Archived from the original on January 21, 2012. Retrieved July 31, 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ abcd "Space Shuttle Discovery Facts". Florida Today. April 10, 2011.


  3. ^ abc NASA (October 2010). "NASAfacts Discovery (OV-103)" (PDF). Retrieved October 21, 2010.


  4. ^ abc NASA (2007). "Space Shuttle Overview: Discovery (OV-103)". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved November 6, 2007.


  5. ^ "10 Cool Facts About NASA's Space Shuttle Discovery | Space Shuttle Retirement". Space.com. Retrieved 2013-08-30.


  6. ^ "Discovery's last mission flight to space begun". February 24, 2011. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2011.


  7. ^ "Discovery's Final Touchdown A Success". redOrbit.com. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2011.


  8. ^ "Discovery (OV-103)". science.ksc.nasa.gov. Retrieved February 28, 2015.


  9. ^ "How Did the Space Shuttle Discovery Get Its Name?". Space.com. Retrieved February 28, 2015.


  10. ^ ab "Discovery (OV-103)". NASA/KSC. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2011.


  11. ^ abcd "Space Shuttle Overview: Discovery (OV-103)". NASA. Retrieved March 10, 2011.


  12. ^ "Space Transportation System Haer No. TX-116" (PDF). NASA.gov. Retrieved February 28, 2015.


  13. ^ "STS-41D Press Kit" (PDF). NASA. August 1984. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 15, 2013. Retrieved July 12, 2013. Graphite epoxy has replaced some internal aluminum spars and beams in the wings and in the payload bay doors.


  14. ^ Lardas, Mark (2012). Space Shuttle Launch System: 1972–2004. Osprey Publishing. p. 37.


  15. ^ Pearlman, Robert Z. "Space Shuttle Discovery lands, for the last time, in Washington, D.C." The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 17, 2012. The air- and spacecraft duo landed at Washington Dulles International Airport at 11:05 am EDT (1505 GMT).


  16. ^ "Consolidated Launch Manifest". NASA. 2007. Retrieved October 10, 2007.


  17. ^ Bergin, Chris (2006). "NASA sets new launch date targets through to STS-124". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved October 15, 2007.


  18. ^ Chow, Denise. "Space Shuttle Discovery Lands on Earth After Final Voyage". SPACE.com. Retrieved March 10, 2011.


  19. ^ Pearlman, Robert (2008). "NASA seeks shuttle suitors: Museums may need to cover the costs for retired orbiters". collectspace.com. Retrieved December 17, 2008.


  20. ^ "NASA Solicits Ideas for Displaying Retired Space Shuttles and Main Engines" (Press release). NASA. December 17, 2009. Retrieved January 23, 2013.


  21. ^ Berger, Eric (December 7, 2009). "Discovery is Smithsonian's". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved January 3, 2010.


  22. ^ Pearlman, Robert Z. (March 17, 2010). "NASA Primes Retired Test Shuttle Enterprise For One Last Flight". Space.com. Retrieved March 14, 2011.


  23. ^ "news – "NASA readies retired test shuttle Enterprise for one last flight"". collectSPACE. 2010-03-15. Retrieved 2013-08-30.


  24. ^ "NYC, L.A., Kennedy Space Center, Smithsonian to get the 4 retired space shuttles". USA Today. April 12, 2011.


  25. ^ "Welcome, Discovery!". Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. Archived from the original on February 2, 2012. Retrieved January 30, 2012.


  26. ^ Associated Press/NBC Washington (January 24, 2012). "Udvar-Hazy Center Getting a 2nd Space Shuttle". NBC Washington. Retrieved January 30, 2012.


  27. ^ Dunn, Marcia (March 9, 2011). "Space shuttle Discovery lands, ends flying career". Salt Lake Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved March 10, 2011.


  28. ^ Travis, Matthew (February 24, 2011). "STS-133 space shuttle Discovery launches for the final time". The Spacearium, SpaceflightNews.net via YouTube. Retrieved June 23, 2011.


  29. ^ FOUR WOMEN, TWO JAPANESE IN SPACE AT SAME TIME Asian American Press, April 8, 2010


  30. ^ "Shuttle Discovery takes off on its final flight". CNN. February 24, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2011.


  31. ^ ab http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/status/r5-91.ksc


  32. ^ "NASA - KSC Names David King as Shuttle Discovery's Flow Director". www.nasa.gov.


  33. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 21, 2013. Retrieved September 8, 2013.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)


  34. ^ KSC, Kay Grinter : (June 6, 2013). "Kennedy Biographies".




External links











  • Mission Summary Archive

  • Return to Flight mission STS-114 and STS-121

  • Shuttle Orbiter Discovery (OV-103)

  • Night Launch of the Space Shuttle Discovery


  • Discovery on Servicing Mission 3A at ESA/Hubble site

  • Pictures of preparations for a launch of Discovery


  • A Space Shuttle's Final Rollout – slideshow by Life magazine

  • April 16, 2007: Consolidated Launch Manifest: Space Shuttle Flights and ISS Assembly Sequence.

  • Transition and Retirement: Hi-res spherical panoramas of the processing















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