How shall I perform multiline matching and substitution using awk?












1















In a text file, ignoring any trailing whitespace at the end of each line, I assume that if a line is not ended with a digit, then there is a line break between the line and the next line, and I would like to find these line breaks and then concatenate them into one line. For example



line 1

li

ne 2


There is a line break between the second and the third lines and I should modify the file to be



line 1

line 2


To find such line breaks, I need to do multiline matching. I does it by changing record separator, but the following doesn't work:



$ awk 'BEGIN{RS="";}; { if (match($0, /[^[:digit:] ] *n/)) print $0;} ' inputfile


To concatenate two lines separated by a line break, I am still wondering.



Thanks.






text-processing awk gawk







share|improve this question























  • setting RS to the empty string will turn on paragraph mode (records will be separated by runs of empty lines), not 'multiline matching' which is always on in awk. It's no wonder your script doesn't work, because it will just treat the whole file as a single record and print it, terminated by an extra newline (ORS). Also, there's absolutely no point in using the match() function, if you're not using its return value or the RSTART or RLENGTH variables.

    – mosvy
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:02


















1















In a text file, ignoring any trailing whitespace at the end of each line, I assume that if a line is not ended with a digit, then there is a line break between the line and the next line, and I would like to find these line breaks and then concatenate them into one line. For example



line 1

li

ne 2


There is a line break between the second and the third lines and I should modify the file to be



line 1

line 2


To find such line breaks, I need to do multiline matching. I does it by changing record separator, but the following doesn't work:



$ awk 'BEGIN{RS="";}; { if (match($0, /[^[:digit:] ] *n/)) print $0;} ' inputfile


To concatenate two lines separated by a line break, I am still wondering.



Thanks.






text-processing awk gawk







share|improve this question























  • setting RS to the empty string will turn on paragraph mode (records will be separated by runs of empty lines), not 'multiline matching' which is always on in awk. It's no wonder your script doesn't work, because it will just treat the whole file as a single record and print it, terminated by an extra newline (ORS). Also, there's absolutely no point in using the match() function, if you're not using its return value or the RSTART or RLENGTH variables.

    – mosvy
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:02
















1












1








1








In a text file, ignoring any trailing whitespace at the end of each line, I assume that if a line is not ended with a digit, then there is a line break between the line and the next line, and I would like to find these line breaks and then concatenate them into one line. For example



line 1

li

ne 2


There is a line break between the second and the third lines and I should modify the file to be



line 1

line 2


To find such line breaks, I need to do multiline matching. I does it by changing record separator, but the following doesn't work:



$ awk 'BEGIN{RS="";}; { if (match($0, /[^[:digit:] ] *n/)) print $0;} ' inputfile


To concatenate two lines separated by a line break, I am still wondering.



Thanks.






text-processing awk gawk







share|improve this question














In a text file, ignoring any trailing whitespace at the end of each line, I assume that if a line is not ended with a digit, then there is a line break between the line and the next line, and I would like to find these line breaks and then concatenate them into one line. For example



line 1

li

ne 2


There is a line break between the second and the third lines and I should modify the file to be



line 1

line 2


To find such line breaks, I need to do multiline matching. I does it by changing record separator, but the following doesn't work:



$ awk 'BEGIN{RS="";}; { if (match($0, /[^[:digit:] ] *n/)) print $0;} ' inputfile


To concatenate two lines separated by a line break, I am still wondering.



Thanks.






text-processing awk gawk




text-processing awk gawk






share|improve this question













share|improve this question











share|improve this question




share|improve this question










asked Nov 13 '18 at 16:02









TimTim

26.4k75248457




26.4k75248457













  • setting RS to the empty string will turn on paragraph mode (records will be separated by runs of empty lines), not 'multiline matching' which is always on in awk. It's no wonder your script doesn't work, because it will just treat the whole file as a single record and print it, terminated by an extra newline (ORS). Also, there's absolutely no point in using the match() function, if you're not using its return value or the RSTART or RLENGTH variables.

    – mosvy
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:02





















  • setting RS to the empty string will turn on paragraph mode (records will be separated by runs of empty lines), not 'multiline matching' which is always on in awk. It's no wonder your script doesn't work, because it will just treat the whole file as a single record and print it, terminated by an extra newline (ORS). Also, there's absolutely no point in using the match() function, if you're not using its return value or the RSTART or RLENGTH variables.

    – mosvy
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:02



















setting RS to the empty string will turn on paragraph mode (records will be separated by runs of empty lines), not 'multiline matching' which is always on in awk. It's no wonder your script doesn't work, because it will just treat the whole file as a single record and print it, terminated by an extra newline (ORS). Also, there's absolutely no point in using the match() function, if you're not using its return value or the RSTART or RLENGTH variables.

– mosvy
Nov 13 '18 at 17:02







setting RS to the empty string will turn on paragraph mode (records will be separated by runs of empty lines), not 'multiline matching' which is always on in awk. It's no wonder your script doesn't work, because it will just treat the whole file as a single record and print it, terminated by an extra newline (ORS). Also, there's absolutely no point in using the match() function, if you're not using its return value or the RSTART or RLENGTH variables.

– mosvy
Nov 13 '18 at 17:02












4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes


















1














You could run something along the lines of



awk 'BEGIN{RS=SUBSEP; ORS="" } {print gensub(/([^0-9])n/,"\1","g",$0)}' ex




  • RS=SUBSEP sets the Register Separator to a value that is never present in a text file (slurps the input file to $0)

  • then do you favorite multiline transformation






share|improve this answer


























  • Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 21:29











  • I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:30













  • Is RS="f" also a working solution?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






  • 1





    This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

    – Kusalananda
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






  • 1





    @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

    – Kusalananda
    Nov 14 '18 at 9:36



















4














I would address it differently: by looping over the input until you find a "line-ending condition":



awk '{ 

       line=$0; 

       while($0 !~ /[[:digit:]] *$/ && getline > 0) { 

         line=line$0; 

       }

       print line

     }' < input


On an extended input file of:



line 1

li

ne 2

li

ne 

number 3

line 4


Or, more verbosely (to see the trailing space):



$ cat -e input

line 1$

li$

ne 2$

li$

ne $

number 3$

line 4$


The output is:



line 1

line 2

line number 3

line 4





share|improve this answer


























  • Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 16:50













  • What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

    – RudiC
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:26



















2














$ cat file

line 1

li

ne 2

lo

ng li

ne 3






$ awk 'line ~ /[0-9]$/ { print line; line = "" } { line = line $0 } END { print line }' file

line 1

line 2

long line 3


This accumulates an "output line" in the variable line, and whenever this variable ends with a digit, it is printed and reset. It is also printed at the very end to output the last line (whether complete or not).



Approximate sed equivalent (but with an explicit loop):



$ sed -e ':again' -e '/[0-9]$/{ p; d; }; N; s/n//' -e 'tagain' file

line 1

line 2

long line 3





share|improve this answer































    0














    Small GNU sed?



    sed ':L; /[0-9] *$/!{N; bL;}; s/n//g' file





    share|improve this answer


























    • doesn't work for me?

      – andrew lorien
      Nov 13 '18 at 23:27











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    4 Answers
    4






    active

    oldest

    votes








    4 Answers
    4






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    1














    You could run something along the lines of



    awk 'BEGIN{RS=SUBSEP; ORS="" } {print gensub(/([^0-9])n/,"\1","g",$0)}' ex




    • RS=SUBSEP sets the Register Separator to a value that is never present in a text file (slurps the input file to $0)

    • then do you favorite multiline transformation






    share|improve this answer


























    • Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 21:29











    • I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:30













    • Is RS="f" also a working solution?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 14 '18 at 9:36
















    1














    You could run something along the lines of



    awk 'BEGIN{RS=SUBSEP; ORS="" } {print gensub(/([^0-9])n/,"\1","g",$0)}' ex




    • RS=SUBSEP sets the Register Separator to a value that is never present in a text file (slurps the input file to $0)

    • then do you favorite multiline transformation






    share|improve this answer


























    • Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 21:29











    • I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:30













    • Is RS="f" also a working solution?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 14 '18 at 9:36














    1












    1








    1







    You could run something along the lines of



    awk 'BEGIN{RS=SUBSEP; ORS="" } {print gensub(/([^0-9])n/,"\1","g",$0)}' ex




    • RS=SUBSEP sets the Register Separator to a value that is never present in a text file (slurps the input file to $0)

    • then do you favorite multiline transformation






    share|improve this answer















    You could run something along the lines of



    awk 'BEGIN{RS=SUBSEP; ORS="" } {print gensub(/([^0-9])n/,"\1","g",$0)}' ex




    • RS=SUBSEP sets the Register Separator to a value that is never present in a text file (slurps the input file to $0)

    • then do you favorite multiline transformation







    share|improve this answer














    share|improve this answer



    share|improve this answer








    edited Nov 14 '18 at 9:33

























    answered Nov 13 '18 at 17:24









    JJoaoJJoao

    7,1691928




    7,1691928













    • Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 21:29











    • I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:30













    • Is RS="f" also a working solution?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 14 '18 at 9:36



















    • Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 21:29











    • I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:30













    • Is RS="f" also a working solution?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 14 '18 at 9:36

















    Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 21:29





    Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 21:29













    I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:30







    I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:30















    Is RS="f" also a working solution?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:40





    Is RS="f" also a working solution?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:40




    1




    1





    This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

    – Kusalananda
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:40





    This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

    – Kusalananda
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:40




    1




    1





    @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

    – Kusalananda
    Nov 14 '18 at 9:36





    @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

    – Kusalananda
    Nov 14 '18 at 9:36













    4














    I would address it differently: by looping over the input until you find a "line-ending condition":



    awk '{ 
    
       line=$0; 
    
       while($0 !~ /[[:digit:]] *$/ && getline > 0) { 
    
         line=line$0; 
    
       }
    
       print line
    
     }' < input


    On an extended input file of:



    line 1
    
li
    
ne 2
    
li
    
ne 
    
number 3
    
line 4


    Or, more verbosely (to see the trailing space):



    $ cat -e input
    
line 1$
    
li$
    
ne 2$
    
li$
    
ne $
    
number 3$
    
line 4$


    The output is:



    line 1
    
line 2
    
line number 3
    
line 4





    share|improve this answer


























    • Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 16:50













    • What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

      – RudiC
      Nov 13 '18 at 17:26
















    4














    I would address it differently: by looping over the input until you find a "line-ending condition":



    awk '{ 
    
       line=$0; 
    
       while($0 !~ /[[:digit:]] *$/ && getline > 0) { 
    
         line=line$0; 
    
       }
    
       print line
    
     }' < input


    On an extended input file of:



    line 1
    
li
    
ne 2
    
li
    
ne 
    
number 3
    
line 4


    Or, more verbosely (to see the trailing space):



    $ cat -e input
    
line 1$
    
li$
    
ne 2$
    
li$
    
ne $
    
number 3$
    
line 4$


    The output is:



    line 1
    
line 2
    
line number 3
    
line 4





    share|improve this answer


























    • Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 16:50













    • What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

      – RudiC
      Nov 13 '18 at 17:26














    4












    4








    4







    I would address it differently: by looping over the input until you find a "line-ending condition":



    awk '{ 
    
       line=$0; 
    
       while($0 !~ /[[:digit:]] *$/ && getline > 0) { 
    
         line=line$0; 
    
       }
    
       print line
    
     }' < input


    On an extended input file of:



    line 1
    
li
    
ne 2
    
li
    
ne 
    
number 3
    
line 4


    Or, more verbosely (to see the trailing space):



    $ cat -e input
    
line 1$
    
li$
    
ne 2$
    
li$
    
ne $
    
number 3$
    
line 4$


    The output is:



    line 1
    
line 2
    
line number 3
    
line 4





    share|improve this answer















    I would address it differently: by looping over the input until you find a "line-ending condition":



    awk '{ 
    
       line=$0; 
    
       while($0 !~ /[[:digit:]] *$/ && getline > 0) { 
    
         line=line$0; 
    
       }
    
       print line
    
     }' < input


    On an extended input file of:



    line 1
    
li
    
ne 2
    
li
    
ne 
    
number 3
    
line 4


    Or, more verbosely (to see the trailing space):



    $ cat -e input
    
line 1$
    
li$
    
ne 2$
    
li$
    
ne $
    
number 3$
    
line 4$


    The output is:



    line 1
    
line 2
    
line number 3
    
line 4






    share|improve this answer














    share|improve this answer



    share|improve this answer








    edited Nov 13 '18 at 19:19









    qubert

    5536




    5536










    answered Nov 13 '18 at 16:25









    Jeff SchallerJeff Schaller

    39.4k1054125




    39.4k1054125













    • Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 16:50













    • What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

      – RudiC
      Nov 13 '18 at 17:26



















    • Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 16:50













    • What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

      – RudiC
      Nov 13 '18 at 17:26

















    Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 16:50







    Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 16:50















    What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

    – RudiC
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:26





    What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

    – RudiC
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:26











    2














    $ cat file
    
line 1
    
li
    
ne 2
    
lo
    
ng li
    
ne 3
    





    $ awk 'line ~ /[0-9]$/ { print line; line = "" } { line = line $0 } END { print line }' file
    
line 1
    
line 2
    
long line 3


    This accumulates an "output line" in the variable line, and whenever this variable ends with a digit, it is printed and reset. It is also printed at the very end to output the last line (whether complete or not).



    Approximate sed equivalent (but with an explicit loop):



    $ sed -e ':again' -e '/[0-9]$/{ p; d; }; N; s/n//' -e 'tagain' file
    
line 1
    
line 2
    
long line 3





    share|improve this answer




























      2














      $ cat file
      
line 1
      
li
      
ne 2
      
lo
      
ng li
      
ne 3
      





      $ awk 'line ~ /[0-9]$/ { print line; line = "" } { line = line $0 } END { print line }' file
      
line 1
      
line 2
      
long line 3


      This accumulates an "output line" in the variable line, and whenever this variable ends with a digit, it is printed and reset. It is also printed at the very end to output the last line (whether complete or not).



      Approximate sed equivalent (but with an explicit loop):



      $ sed -e ':again' -e '/[0-9]$/{ p; d; }; N; s/n//' -e 'tagain' file
      
line 1
      
line 2
      
long line 3





      share|improve this answer


























        2












        2








        2







        $ cat file
        
line 1
        
li
        
ne 2
        
lo
        
ng li
        
ne 3
        





        $ awk 'line ~ /[0-9]$/ { print line; line = "" } { line = line $0 } END { print line }' file
        
line 1
        
line 2
        
long line 3


        This accumulates an "output line" in the variable line, and whenever this variable ends with a digit, it is printed and reset. It is also printed at the very end to output the last line (whether complete or not).



        Approximate sed equivalent (but with an explicit loop):



        $ sed -e ':again' -e '/[0-9]$/{ p; d; }; N; s/n//' -e 'tagain' file
        
line 1
        
line 2
        
long line 3





        share|improve this answer













        $ cat file
        
line 1
        
li
        
ne 2
        
lo
        
ng li
        
ne 3
        





        $ awk 'line ~ /[0-9]$/ { print line; line = "" } { line = line $0 } END { print line }' file
        
line 1
        
line 2
        
long line 3


        This accumulates an "output line" in the variable line, and whenever this variable ends with a digit, it is printed and reset. It is also printed at the very end to output the last line (whether complete or not).



        Approximate sed equivalent (but with an explicit loop):



        $ sed -e ':again' -e '/[0-9]$/{ p; d; }; N; s/n//' -e 'tagain' file
        
line 1
        
line 2
        
long line 3






        share|improve this answer












        share|improve this answer



        share|improve this answer










        answered Nov 13 '18 at 22:49









        KusalanandaKusalananda

        124k16234386




        124k16234386























            0














            Small GNU sed?



            sed ':L; /[0-9] *$/!{N; bL;}; s/n//g' file





            share|improve this answer


























            • doesn't work for me?

              – andrew lorien
              Nov 13 '18 at 23:27
















            0














            Small GNU sed?



            sed ':L; /[0-9] *$/!{N; bL;}; s/n//g' file





            share|improve this answer


























            • doesn't work for me?

              – andrew lorien
              Nov 13 '18 at 23:27














            0












            0








            0







            Small GNU sed?



            sed ':L; /[0-9] *$/!{N; bL;}; s/n//g' file





            share|improve this answer















            Small GNU sed?



            sed ':L; /[0-9] *$/!{N; bL;}; s/n//g' file






            share|improve this answer














            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer








            edited Nov 13 '18 at 22:55









            Kusalananda

            124k16234386




            124k16234386










            answered Nov 13 '18 at 17:25









            RudiCRudiC

            4,2191312




            4,2191312













            • doesn't work for me?

              – andrew lorien
              Nov 13 '18 at 23:27



















            • doesn't work for me?

              – andrew lorien
              Nov 13 '18 at 23:27

















            doesn't work for me?

            – andrew lorien
            Nov 13 '18 at 23:27





            doesn't work for me?

            – andrew lorien
            Nov 13 '18 at 23:27


















            draft saved

            draft discarded




















































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