How shall I perform multiline matching and substitution using awk?












1















In a text file, ignoring any trailing whitespace at the end of each line, I assume that if a line is not ended with a digit, then there is a line break between the line and the next line, and I would like to find these line breaks and then concatenate them into one line. For example



line 1

li

ne 2


There is a line break between the second and the third lines and I should modify the file to be



line 1

line 2


To find such line breaks, I need to do multiline matching. I does it by changing record separator, but the following doesn't work:



$ awk 'BEGIN{RS="";}; { if (match($0, /[^[:digit:] ] *n/)) print $0;} ' inputfile


To concatenate two lines separated by a line break, I am still wondering.



Thanks.






text-processing awk gawk







share|improve this question























  • setting RS to the empty string will turn on paragraph mode (records will be separated by runs of empty lines), not 'multiline matching' which is always on in awk. It's no wonder your script doesn't work, because it will just treat the whole file as a single record and print it, terminated by an extra newline (ORS). Also, there's absolutely no point in using the match() function, if you're not using its return value or the RSTART or RLENGTH variables.

    – mosvy
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:02


















1















In a text file, ignoring any trailing whitespace at the end of each line, I assume that if a line is not ended with a digit, then there is a line break between the line and the next line, and I would like to find these line breaks and then concatenate them into one line. For example



line 1

li

ne 2


There is a line break between the second and the third lines and I should modify the file to be



line 1

line 2


To find such line breaks, I need to do multiline matching. I does it by changing record separator, but the following doesn't work:



$ awk 'BEGIN{RS="";}; { if (match($0, /[^[:digit:] ] *n/)) print $0;} ' inputfile


To concatenate two lines separated by a line break, I am still wondering.



Thanks.






text-processing awk gawk







share|improve this question























  • setting RS to the empty string will turn on paragraph mode (records will be separated by runs of empty lines), not 'multiline matching' which is always on in awk. It's no wonder your script doesn't work, because it will just treat the whole file as a single record and print it, terminated by an extra newline (ORS). Also, there's absolutely no point in using the match() function, if you're not using its return value or the RSTART or RLENGTH variables.

    – mosvy
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:02
















1












1








1








In a text file, ignoring any trailing whitespace at the end of each line, I assume that if a line is not ended with a digit, then there is a line break between the line and the next line, and I would like to find these line breaks and then concatenate them into one line. For example



line 1

li

ne 2


There is a line break between the second and the third lines and I should modify the file to be



line 1

line 2


To find such line breaks, I need to do multiline matching. I does it by changing record separator, but the following doesn't work:



$ awk 'BEGIN{RS="";}; { if (match($0, /[^[:digit:] ] *n/)) print $0;} ' inputfile


To concatenate two lines separated by a line break, I am still wondering.



Thanks.






text-processing awk gawk







share|improve this question














In a text file, ignoring any trailing whitespace at the end of each line, I assume that if a line is not ended with a digit, then there is a line break between the line and the next line, and I would like to find these line breaks and then concatenate them into one line. For example



line 1

li

ne 2


There is a line break between the second and the third lines and I should modify the file to be



line 1

line 2


To find such line breaks, I need to do multiline matching. I does it by changing record separator, but the following doesn't work:



$ awk 'BEGIN{RS="";}; { if (match($0, /[^[:digit:] ] *n/)) print $0;} ' inputfile


To concatenate two lines separated by a line break, I am still wondering.



Thanks.






text-processing awk gawk




text-processing awk gawk






share|improve this question













share|improve this question











share|improve this question




share|improve this question










asked Nov 13 '18 at 16:02









TimTim

26.4k75248457




26.4k75248457













  • setting RS to the empty string will turn on paragraph mode (records will be separated by runs of empty lines), not 'multiline matching' which is always on in awk. It's no wonder your script doesn't work, because it will just treat the whole file as a single record and print it, terminated by an extra newline (ORS). Also, there's absolutely no point in using the match() function, if you're not using its return value or the RSTART or RLENGTH variables.

    – mosvy
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:02





















  • setting RS to the empty string will turn on paragraph mode (records will be separated by runs of empty lines), not 'multiline matching' which is always on in awk. It's no wonder your script doesn't work, because it will just treat the whole file as a single record and print it, terminated by an extra newline (ORS). Also, there's absolutely no point in using the match() function, if you're not using its return value or the RSTART or RLENGTH variables.

    – mosvy
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:02



















setting RS to the empty string will turn on paragraph mode (records will be separated by runs of empty lines), not 'multiline matching' which is always on in awk. It's no wonder your script doesn't work, because it will just treat the whole file as a single record and print it, terminated by an extra newline (ORS). Also, there's absolutely no point in using the match() function, if you're not using its return value or the RSTART or RLENGTH variables.

– mosvy
Nov 13 '18 at 17:02







setting RS to the empty string will turn on paragraph mode (records will be separated by runs of empty lines), not 'multiline matching' which is always on in awk. It's no wonder your script doesn't work, because it will just treat the whole file as a single record and print it, terminated by an extra newline (ORS). Also, there's absolutely no point in using the match() function, if you're not using its return value or the RSTART or RLENGTH variables.

– mosvy
Nov 13 '18 at 17:02












4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes


















1














You could run something along the lines of



awk 'BEGIN{RS=SUBSEP; ORS="" } {print gensub(/([^0-9])n/,"\1","g",$0)}' ex




  • RS=SUBSEP sets the Register Separator to a value that is never present in a text file (slurps the input file to $0)

  • then do you favorite multiline transformation






share|improve this answer


























  • Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 21:29











  • I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:30













  • Is RS="f" also a working solution?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






  • 1





    This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

    – Kusalananda
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






  • 1





    @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

    – Kusalananda
    Nov 14 '18 at 9:36



















4














I would address it differently: by looping over the input until you find a "line-ending condition":



awk '{ 

       line=$0; 

       while($0 !~ /[[:digit:]] *$/ && getline > 0) { 

         line=line$0; 

       }

       print line

     }' < input


On an extended input file of:



line 1

li

ne 2

li

ne 

number 3

line 4


Or, more verbosely (to see the trailing space):



$ cat -e input

line 1$

li$

ne 2$

li$

ne $

number 3$

line 4$


The output is:



line 1

line 2

line number 3

line 4





share|improve this answer


























  • Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 16:50













  • What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

    – RudiC
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:26



















2














$ cat file

line 1

li

ne 2

lo

ng li

ne 3






$ awk 'line ~ /[0-9]$/ { print line; line = "" } { line = line $0 } END { print line }' file

line 1

line 2

long line 3


This accumulates an "output line" in the variable line, and whenever this variable ends with a digit, it is printed and reset. It is also printed at the very end to output the last line (whether complete or not).



Approximate sed equivalent (but with an explicit loop):



$ sed -e ':again' -e '/[0-9]$/{ p; d; }; N; s/n//' -e 'tagain' file

line 1

line 2

long line 3





share|improve this answer































    0














    Small GNU sed?



    sed ':L; /[0-9] *$/!{N; bL;}; s/n//g' file





    share|improve this answer


























    • doesn't work for me?

      – andrew lorien
      Nov 13 '18 at 23:27











    Your Answer








    StackExchange.ready(function() {
    var channelOptions = {
    tags: "".split(" "),
    id: "106"
    };
    initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

    StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
    // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
    if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
    StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
    createEditor();
    });
    }
    else {
    createEditor();
    }
    });

    function createEditor() {
    StackExchange.prepareEditor({
    heartbeatType: 'answer',
    autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
    convertImagesToLinks: false,
    noModals: true,
    showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
    reputationToPostImages: null,
    bindNavPrevention: true,
    postfix: "",
    imageUploader: {
    brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
    contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
    allowUrls: true
    },
    onDemand: true,
    discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
    ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
    });


    }
    });














    draft saved

    draft discarded


















    StackExchange.ready(
    function () {
    StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2funix.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f481498%2fhow-shall-i-perform-multiline-matching-and-substitution-using-awk%23new-answer', 'question_page');
    }
    );

    Post as a guest















    Required, but never shown

























    4 Answers
    4






    active

    oldest

    votes








    4 Answers
    4






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    1














    You could run something along the lines of



    awk 'BEGIN{RS=SUBSEP; ORS="" } {print gensub(/([^0-9])n/,"\1","g",$0)}' ex




    • RS=SUBSEP sets the Register Separator to a value that is never present in a text file (slurps the input file to $0)

    • then do you favorite multiline transformation






    share|improve this answer


























    • Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 21:29











    • I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:30













    • Is RS="f" also a working solution?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 14 '18 at 9:36
















    1














    You could run something along the lines of



    awk 'BEGIN{RS=SUBSEP; ORS="" } {print gensub(/([^0-9])n/,"\1","g",$0)}' ex




    • RS=SUBSEP sets the Register Separator to a value that is never present in a text file (slurps the input file to $0)

    • then do you favorite multiline transformation






    share|improve this answer


























    • Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 21:29











    • I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:30













    • Is RS="f" also a working solution?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 14 '18 at 9:36














    1












    1








    1







    You could run something along the lines of



    awk 'BEGIN{RS=SUBSEP; ORS="" } {print gensub(/([^0-9])n/,"\1","g",$0)}' ex




    • RS=SUBSEP sets the Register Separator to a value that is never present in a text file (slurps the input file to $0)

    • then do you favorite multiline transformation






    share|improve this answer















    You could run something along the lines of



    awk 'BEGIN{RS=SUBSEP; ORS="" } {print gensub(/([^0-9])n/,"\1","g",$0)}' ex




    • RS=SUBSEP sets the Register Separator to a value that is never present in a text file (slurps the input file to $0)

    • then do you favorite multiline transformation







    share|improve this answer














    share|improve this answer



    share|improve this answer








    edited Nov 14 '18 at 9:33

























    answered Nov 13 '18 at 17:24









    JJoaoJJoao

    7,1691928




    7,1691928













    • Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 21:29











    • I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:30













    • Is RS="f" also a working solution?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 14 '18 at 9:36



















    • Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 21:29











    • I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:30













    • Is RS="f" also a working solution?

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 13 '18 at 22:40






    • 1





      @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

      – Kusalananda
      Nov 14 '18 at 9:36

















    Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 21:29





    Thanks. Do you know matching without substitution for multiline case?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 21:29













    I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:30







    I was wondering if this reply doesn't work well sometimes? Why is this reply downvoted?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:30















    Is RS="f" also a working solution?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:40





    Is RS="f" also a working solution?

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:40




    1




    1





    This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

    – Kusalananda
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:40





    This seems to add an empty line at the end of the output. I'm not sure exactly why at the moment.

    – Kusalananda
    Nov 13 '18 at 22:40




    1




    1





    @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

    – Kusalananda
    Nov 14 '18 at 9:36





    @JJoao In general, print non-record data with printf and records with print. Since you're operating in "slurp mode" here (so to speak) and therefore do not really operate on records, it would be appropriate to use printf.

    – Kusalananda
    Nov 14 '18 at 9:36













    4














    I would address it differently: by looping over the input until you find a "line-ending condition":



    awk '{ 
    
       line=$0; 
    
       while($0 !~ /[[:digit:]] *$/ && getline > 0) { 
    
         line=line$0; 
    
       }
    
       print line
    
     }' < input


    On an extended input file of:



    line 1
    
li
    
ne 2
    
li
    
ne 
    
number 3
    
line 4


    Or, more verbosely (to see the trailing space):



    $ cat -e input
    
line 1$
    
li$
    
ne 2$
    
li$
    
ne $
    
number 3$
    
line 4$


    The output is:



    line 1
    
line 2
    
line number 3
    
line 4





    share|improve this answer


























    • Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 16:50













    • What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

      – RudiC
      Nov 13 '18 at 17:26
















    4














    I would address it differently: by looping over the input until you find a "line-ending condition":



    awk '{ 
    
       line=$0; 
    
       while($0 !~ /[[:digit:]] *$/ && getline > 0) { 
    
         line=line$0; 
    
       }
    
       print line
    
     }' < input


    On an extended input file of:



    line 1
    
li
    
ne 2
    
li
    
ne 
    
number 3
    
line 4


    Or, more verbosely (to see the trailing space):



    $ cat -e input
    
line 1$
    
li$
    
ne 2$
    
li$
    
ne $
    
number 3$
    
line 4$


    The output is:



    line 1
    
line 2
    
line number 3
    
line 4





    share|improve this answer


























    • Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 16:50













    • What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

      – RudiC
      Nov 13 '18 at 17:26














    4












    4








    4







    I would address it differently: by looping over the input until you find a "line-ending condition":



    awk '{ 
    
       line=$0; 
    
       while($0 !~ /[[:digit:]] *$/ && getline > 0) { 
    
         line=line$0; 
    
       }
    
       print line
    
     }' < input


    On an extended input file of:



    line 1
    
li
    
ne 2
    
li
    
ne 
    
number 3
    
line 4


    Or, more verbosely (to see the trailing space):



    $ cat -e input
    
line 1$
    
li$
    
ne 2$
    
li$
    
ne $
    
number 3$
    
line 4$


    The output is:



    line 1
    
line 2
    
line number 3
    
line 4





    share|improve this answer















    I would address it differently: by looping over the input until you find a "line-ending condition":



    awk '{ 
    
       line=$0; 
    
       while($0 !~ /[[:digit:]] *$/ && getline > 0) { 
    
         line=line$0; 
    
       }
    
       print line
    
     }' < input


    On an extended input file of:



    line 1
    
li
    
ne 2
    
li
    
ne 
    
number 3
    
line 4


    Or, more verbosely (to see the trailing space):



    $ cat -e input
    
line 1$
    
li$
    
ne 2$
    
li$
    
ne $
    
number 3$
    
line 4$


    The output is:



    line 1
    
line 2
    
line number 3
    
line 4






    share|improve this answer














    share|improve this answer



    share|improve this answer








    edited Nov 13 '18 at 19:19









    qubert

    5536




    5536










    answered Nov 13 '18 at 16:25









    Jeff SchallerJeff Schaller

    39.4k1054125




    39.4k1054125













    • Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 16:50













    • What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

      – RudiC
      Nov 13 '18 at 17:26



















    • Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

      – Tim
      Nov 13 '18 at 16:50













    • What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

      – RudiC
      Nov 13 '18 at 17:26

















    Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 16:50







    Thanks. The script in your reply is very specific to the problem. I would like to see if there is a more general script, which can allow me to specify a multiline pattern and match (and substitute) the matches.

    – Tim
    Nov 13 '18 at 16:50















    What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

    – RudiC
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:26





    What "multilne patterns" are you thinking of?

    – RudiC
    Nov 13 '18 at 17:26











    2














    $ cat file
    
line 1
    
li
    
ne 2
    
lo
    
ng li
    
ne 3
    





    $ awk 'line ~ /[0-9]$/ { print line; line = "" } { line = line $0 } END { print line }' file
    
line 1
    
line 2
    
long line 3


    This accumulates an "output line" in the variable line, and whenever this variable ends with a digit, it is printed and reset. It is also printed at the very end to output the last line (whether complete or not).



    Approximate sed equivalent (but with an explicit loop):



    $ sed -e ':again' -e '/[0-9]$/{ p; d; }; N; s/n//' -e 'tagain' file
    
line 1
    
line 2
    
long line 3





    share|improve this answer




























      2














      $ cat file
      
line 1
      
li
      
ne 2
      
lo
      
ng li
      
ne 3
      





      $ awk 'line ~ /[0-9]$/ { print line; line = "" } { line = line $0 } END { print line }' file
      
line 1
      
line 2
      
long line 3


      This accumulates an "output line" in the variable line, and whenever this variable ends with a digit, it is printed and reset. It is also printed at the very end to output the last line (whether complete or not).



      Approximate sed equivalent (but with an explicit loop):



      $ sed -e ':again' -e '/[0-9]$/{ p; d; }; N; s/n//' -e 'tagain' file
      
line 1
      
line 2
      
long line 3





      share|improve this answer


























        2












        2








        2







        $ cat file
        
line 1
        
li
        
ne 2
        
lo
        
ng li
        
ne 3
        





        $ awk 'line ~ /[0-9]$/ { print line; line = "" } { line = line $0 } END { print line }' file
        
line 1
        
line 2
        
long line 3


        This accumulates an "output line" in the variable line, and whenever this variable ends with a digit, it is printed and reset. It is also printed at the very end to output the last line (whether complete or not).



        Approximate sed equivalent (but with an explicit loop):



        $ sed -e ':again' -e '/[0-9]$/{ p; d; }; N; s/n//' -e 'tagain' file
        
line 1
        
line 2
        
long line 3





        share|improve this answer













        $ cat file
        
line 1
        
li
        
ne 2
        
lo
        
ng li
        
ne 3
        





        $ awk 'line ~ /[0-9]$/ { print line; line = "" } { line = line $0 } END { print line }' file
        
line 1
        
line 2
        
long line 3


        This accumulates an "output line" in the variable line, and whenever this variable ends with a digit, it is printed and reset. It is also printed at the very end to output the last line (whether complete or not).



        Approximate sed equivalent (but with an explicit loop):



        $ sed -e ':again' -e '/[0-9]$/{ p; d; }; N; s/n//' -e 'tagain' file
        
line 1
        
line 2
        
long line 3






        share|improve this answer












        share|improve this answer



        share|improve this answer










        answered Nov 13 '18 at 22:49









        KusalanandaKusalananda

        124k16234386




        124k16234386























            0














            Small GNU sed?



            sed ':L; /[0-9] *$/!{N; bL;}; s/n//g' file





            share|improve this answer


























            • doesn't work for me?

              – andrew lorien
              Nov 13 '18 at 23:27
















            0














            Small GNU sed?



            sed ':L; /[0-9] *$/!{N; bL;}; s/n//g' file





            share|improve this answer


























            • doesn't work for me?

              – andrew lorien
              Nov 13 '18 at 23:27














            0












            0








            0







            Small GNU sed?



            sed ':L; /[0-9] *$/!{N; bL;}; s/n//g' file





            share|improve this answer















            Small GNU sed?



            sed ':L; /[0-9] *$/!{N; bL;}; s/n//g' file






            share|improve this answer














            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer








            edited Nov 13 '18 at 22:55









            Kusalananda

            124k16234386




            124k16234386










            answered Nov 13 '18 at 17:25









            RudiCRudiC

            4,2191312




            4,2191312













            • doesn't work for me?

              – andrew lorien
              Nov 13 '18 at 23:27



















            • doesn't work for me?

              – andrew lorien
              Nov 13 '18 at 23:27

















            doesn't work for me?

            – andrew lorien
            Nov 13 '18 at 23:27





            doesn't work for me?

            – andrew lorien
            Nov 13 '18 at 23:27


















            draft saved

            draft discarded




















































            Thanks for contributing an answer to Unix & Linux Stack Exchange!


            • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

            But avoid …



            • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

            • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


            To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




            draft saved


            draft discarded














            StackExchange.ready(
            function () {
            StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2funix.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f481498%2fhow-shall-i-perform-multiline-matching-and-substitution-using-awk%23new-answer', 'question_page');
            }
            );

            Post as a guest















            Required, but never shown





















































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown

































            Required, but never shown














            Required, but never shown












            Required, but never shown







            Required, but never shown







            -

            這個網誌中的熱門文章

            Hercules Kyvelos

            圖片
            Hercules Kyvelos Statistics Real name Hercules Kyvelos Nickname(s) The God Weight(s) Middleweight Light Middleweight Welterweight Height 5 ft 10 in (180 cm) Reach 72 in (183 cm) Nationality Canadian Born ( 1975-02-25 ) February 25, 1975 (age 43) Montreal, Quebec Stance Orthodox Boxing record Total fights 27 Wins 24 Wins by KO 12 Losses 3 Draws 0 No contests 0 Hercules Kyvelos Medal record Men's Boxing Representing   Canada Pan American Games 1995 Mar del Plata Welterweight Hercules Kyvelos (born February 25, 1975) is a Greek-Canadian boxer in the Welterweight division and is the former Canadian Welterweight Champion. [1] He fought at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. Contents 1 Early life 2 Amateur career 3 Pro career 3.1 WBO Welterweight Championship 3.2 Personal life 4 References 5 External links Early life Hercules was born in
            閱讀完整內容

            Tangent Lines Diagram Along Smooth Curve

            圖片
            7 1 I am trying to replicate a diagram and have a minimal example. I don't know how to add additional tangents between the specified points and preserve smoothness. documentclass{article} usepackage{tikz} usetikzlibrary{calc,intersections} begin{document} begin{tikzpicture} % Axes draw [->, name path=x] (-1,0) -- (11,0) node [right] {$x$}; draw [->] (0,-1) -- (0,6) node [above] {$y$}; % Origin node at (0,0) [below left] {$0$}; % Points coordinate (start) at (1,-0.8); coordinate (c1) at (3,3); coordinate (c2) at (5.5,1.5); coordinate (c3) at (8,4); coordinate (end) at (10.5,-0.8); % show the points foreach n in {start,c1,c2,c3,end} fill [black] (n) circle (2pt) node [below] {}; % join the coordinates draw [thick,name path=curve] (start) to[out=70,in=180] (c1) to[out=0,in=180]
            閱讀完整內容

            Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud

            圖片
            Main article: Taifa of Zaragoza Al-Mu'taman Ruler of Zaragoza Reign 1081–1085 Predecessor Ahmad al-Muqtadir Successor Al-Mustain II Born Zaragoza Died 1085 Full name Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Mu'taman ibn Hūd House Banu Hud Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Mu'taman ibn Hūd (Arabic: المؤتمن بالله يوسف إبن أحمد إبن هود ‎, al-Mutaman bi l-Lah , died c. 1085) was the third king of the Banu Hud dynasty who ruled over the Taifa of Zaragoza from 1081 to 1085. Yusuf al-Mutaman reigned during the height of power of Muslim Zaragoza , following the thriving period of his father Ahmad al-Muqtadir. He continued his father's efforts and created around him a court of intellectuals, living in the beautiful palace of Aljafería, nicknamed as "the palace of joy". Al-Mu'taman was also a scholarly king and a patron of science, philosophy and arts. As an example of a wise king, he knew astrology, philosophy, and especially mathematics, a discipline in which
            閱讀完整內容