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Sir Peter Frederick Strawson
Born	23 November 1919 Ealing, London
Died	13 February 2006(2006-02-13) (aged 86) London
Alma mater	St John's College, Oxford
Era	Contemporary philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Analytic
Main interests	Philosophy of language · Philosophy of mind
Notable ideas	Ordinary language philosophy Personal reactive attitudes[1] The distinction between sortal and characterising universals[2] The distinction between particular individuals (such as historical events, material objects and persons) and non-particular individuals (such as qualities, properties, numbers, species)[3] The "descriptive metaphysics" and "revisionary metaphysics" distinction[4]
Influences Ludwig Wittgenstein, Immanuel Kant, J. L. Austin, Bertrand Russell, A.J. Ayer, Gilbert Ryle
Influenced David Lewis, Ted Honderich, Colin McGinn, Arda Denkel, Ramchandra Gandhi, Martin Hollis, Robert Hanna, Keith Donnellan, Joshua Knobe, John Searle, Pierre Bourdieu

Sir Peter Frederick Strawson FBA (/ˈstrɔːsən/; 23 November 1919 – 13 February 2006), usually cited as P. F. Strawson, was an English philosopher. He was the Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at the University of Oxford (Magdalen College) from 1968 to 1987. Before that, he was appointed as a college lecturer at University College, Oxford, in 1947, and became a tutorial fellow the following year, until 1968. On his retirement in 1987, he returned to the college and continued working there until shortly before his death. His portrait was painted by the artists Muli Tang and Daphne Todd.^[5]

When he died, the obituary in The Guardian noted that, "Oxford was the world capital of philosophy between 1950 and 1970, and American academics flocked there, rather than the traffic going the other way. That golden age had no greater philosopher than Sir Peter Strawson."^[6]

Early years

Strawson was born in Ealing, west London, and brought up in Finchley, north London, by his parents, both of whom were teachers. He was educated at Christ's College, Finchley, followed by St John's College, Oxford, where he read Philosophy, Politics and Economics.

Philosophical work

Strawson first became well known with his article "On Referring" (1950), a criticism of Bertrand Russell's theory of descriptions (see also Definite descriptions) that Russell explained in the famous "On Denoting" article (1905).

In philosophical methodology, there are (at least) two important and interrelated features of Strawson's work that are worthy of note.^[7] The first is the project of a 'descriptive' metaphysics, and the second is his notion of a shared conceptual scheme, composed of concepts operated in everyday life. In his book Individuals (1959), Strawson attempts to give a description of various concepts that form an interconnected web, representing (part of) our common, shared, human conceptual scheme. In particular, he examines our conceptions of basic particulars, and how they are variously brought under general spatio-temporal concepts. What makes this a metaphysical project is that it exhibits, in fine detail, the structural features of our thought about the world, and thus precisely delimits how we, humans, think about reality.

Strawson was made a Fellow of the British Academy in 1960 and Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1971. He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1969 to 1970. He was knighted, in 1977, for services to philosophy.

Personal life

After serving as a captain in the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers during World War II, Strawson married Ann Martin in 1945. They had four children, including the philosopher Galen Strawson. He lived in Oxford all his adult life and died in hospital on 13 February 2006 after a short illness. P. F. Strawson was elder brother to Major General John Strawson.

Partial bibliography

Books

• 
  Introduction to Logical Theory. London: Methuen, 1952.


• 
  Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics. London: Methuen, 1959.
  
  
  
  • German translation by F. Scholz (Stuttgart: Reclam, 1972)
  
  
  • French translation by A. Shalom and P. Drong (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1973)
  
  
  • Italian translation by E. Bencivenga (Milan: Feltrinelli, 1978)
  
  
  • Japanese translation by N. Nakamura (Tokyo: Misuzu Shobo, 1978)
  
  
  • Polish translation by B. Chwedenczuk (Warsaw: Wydawniczy Pax, 1980)
  
  
  • Spanish translation by A. Suarez and L. Villanueva (Madrid: Taurus, 1989)
  
  
  
  


• 
  The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. London: Methuen, 1966.
  
  
  
  • Spanish translation by C. Luis Andre (Madrid: Revista de Occidente, 1975)
  
  
  • German translation by E. Lange (Hain, 1981)
  
  
  • Italian translation by M. Palumbo (Roma-Bari: Laterza, 1985)
  
  
  • Japanese translation, 1987
  
  
  
  


• 
  Logico-Linguistic Papers. London: Methuen, 1971


• 
  Freedom and Resentment and other Essays. London: Methuen, 1974


• 
  Subject and Predicate in Logic and Grammar. London: Methuen, 1974


• 
  Skepticism and Naturalism: Some Varieties. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.


• 
  Analysis and Metaphysics: An Introduction to Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.


• 
  Entity and Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.


• 
  Philosophical Writings. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Articles

Notes

References

• 
  Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to P. F. Strawson, ed. Zak Van Straaten (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980)


• 
  Leibniz and Strawson: A New Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics, Clifford Brown (Munich: Philosophia Verlag, 1990)


• 
  Ensayos sobre Strawson, ed. Carlos E. Carosi (Montevideo: Universidad de la Republica, 1992)


• 
  The Philosophy of P. F. Strawson, ed. Pranab Kumar Sen and Roop Rekha Verma (Indian Council of Philosophical Research, 1995)


• 
  The Philosophy of P. F. Strawson, Lewis E. Hahn, ed. (Open Court, 1998)


• 
  Theories of Truth, Richard Kirkham (MIT Press, 1992). (Chapter 10 contains a detailed discussion of Strawson's performative theory of truth.)


• Strawson & Kant: ensaios comemorativos aos 50 anos de The Bounds of Sense. GELAIN, Itamar Luís & CONTE, Jaimir (Org.) Pelotas: NEPFIL (On-line), 2016.


• Ensaios sobre a filosofia de Strawson. CONTE, Jaimir & GELAIN, Itamar Luís (Org.). Florianópolis: Editora UFSC, 2015.


• 
  Strawson and Kant, ed. Hans-Johann Glock (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)


• Sir Peter Strawson (1919–2006), Univ Newsletter, Issue 23, page 4, Hilary 2006.


• 
  Peter Strawson, Clifford Brown (Acumen Publishing, 2006)


• 
  Free Will and Reactive Attitudes: Perspectives on P. F. Strawson's 'Freedom and Resentment'. edited by Micheal McKenna and Paul Russell, (2016)

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to: P. F. Strawson

• 
  Obituary – The Guardian
  


• 
  Sir Peter Strawson - obituary for The Independent by Alan Ryan


• Peter Frederick Strawson (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)


• 
  Snapshot: P. F. Strawson 2019 essay by Anil Gmes for The Philosophers' Magazine