James Abercrombie (British Army officer, born 1706)




For other people with the same name, see James Abercromby (disambiguation).


































James Abercrombie

James-abercrombie-by-ramsay-ca-1759-60.jpg
General James Abercrombie, by Allan Ramsay

Born 1706[1]
Glassaugh, Banffshire, Scotland
Died 23 April 1781 (aged 74–75)[1][2]
Stirling, Stirlingshire
Allegiance
 Kingdom of Great Britain
Service/branch
 British Army
Years of service 1717–1772
Rank General
Battles/wars
War of the Austrian Succession
Seven Years' War

  • French and Indian War
    • Battle of Fort Ticonderoga

General James Abercrombie or Abercromby (1706 – 23 April 1781)[1][2] was a British Army general and commander-in-chief of forces in North America during the French and Indian War, best known for the disastrous British losses in the 1758 Battle of Carillon.




Contents






  • 1 Biography


  • 2 Family


  • 3 See also


  • 4 References


  • 5 External links





Biography


Abercrombie was born in Glassaugh, Banffshire, Scotland [3] to a wealthy family, and was appointed an ensign in the 25th Regiment of Foot at age eleven. He was promoted to captain in 1736, and purchased a major's commission in 1742. He was promoted to colonel in 1746 and served in the Flemish Campaign of the War of Austrian Succession.[1] With the outbreak of the Seven Years' War in 1756, he was promoted major general and ordered to America as second in command to Lord Loudoun for the upcoming campaigns against the French.[1] Abercrombie commanded a brigade at Louisbourg in 1757 and became Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in North America after Loudoun's departure in December.[1]


That summer, he was ordered to lead an expedition against Fort Carillon (later known as Fort Ticonderoga), to prepare to take Montreal.[1] Abercrombie was a genius at organization but vacillated in his leadership to the point where, after his defeat, he was called Mrs. Nanny Cromby. He managed the remarkable feat of assembling fifteen thousand troops and moving them and their supplies through the wilderness. Then, after losing George Howe, 3rd Viscount Howe, his second-in-command, in a skirmish had 7 July while reconnoitring, on 8 July he directed his troops into a frontal assault on a fortified French position, without the benefit of artillery support. More than two thousand men were killed or wounded. Eventually his force panicked and fled, and he retreated to his fortified camp south of Lake George.[4]


This disaster caused in September 1758 his recall to Great Britain and his replacement by General Jeffery Amherst.[5] Despite his failure, he was promoted to lieutenant general in 1759, and general in 1772.[1] On his return to Britain, he sat as a member of Parliament, and supported the coercive policy toward the American colonies.



Family


Abercrombie was the son of Alexander, also MP for Banffshire, and Helen Meldrum. He married Mary Duff (sister of William Duff, 1st Earl Fife) and they had one daughter.



See also


  • James Abercrombie (Bunker Hill)


References





  1. ^ abcdefgh Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abercrombie, James". Encyclopædia Britannica. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ ab There is discrepancy on his exact date of death with sources vacillating between 23 and 28 April


  3. ^ Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who. 1963.


  4. ^ Parkman, Francis: "Montcalm and Wolfe"


  5. ^ Middleton, Richard (1979). "Abercromby, James". In Halpenny, Francess G. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.




External links




  • "James Abercrombie". Encyclopædia Britannica. 15 August 2015.


  • ABERCROMBY, James (1706-81), of Glasshaugh, Banff. at The History of Parliament Online
















Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by
William Duff
Member of Parliament for Banffshire
1734–1754
 Succeeded by
James Duff
Military offices
Preceded by
The Earl of Loudoun
Commander-in-Chief, North America
1757–1758
 Succeeded by
The Lord Amherst









-

這個網誌中的熱門文章

Tangent Lines Diagram Along Smooth Curve

圖片
7 1 I am trying to replicate a diagram and have a minimal example. I don't know how to add additional tangents between the specified points and preserve smoothness. documentclass{article} usepackage{tikz} usetikzlibrary{calc,intersections} begin{document} begin{tikzpicture} % Axes draw [->, name path=x] (-1,0) -- (11,0) node [right] {$x$}; draw [->] (0,-1) -- (0,6) node [above] {$y$}; % Origin node at (0,0) [below left] {$0$}; % Points coordinate (start) at (1,-0.8); coordinate (c1) at (3,3); coordinate (c2) at (5.5,1.5); coordinate (c3) at (8,4); coordinate (end) at (10.5,-0.8); % show the points foreach n in {start,c1,c2,c3,end} fill [black] (n) circle (2pt) node [below] {}; % join the coordinates draw [thick,name path=curve] (start) to[out=70,in=180] (c1) to[out=0,in=180]
閱讀完整內容

Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud

圖片
Main article: Taifa of Zaragoza Al-Mu'taman Ruler of Zaragoza Reign 1081–1085 Predecessor Ahmad al-Muqtadir Successor Al-Mustain II Born Zaragoza Died 1085 Full name Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Mu'taman ibn Hūd House Banu Hud Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Mu'taman ibn Hūd (Arabic: المؤتمن بالله يوسف إبن أحمد إبن هود ‎, al-Mutaman bi l-Lah , died c. 1085) was the third king of the Banu Hud dynasty who ruled over the Taifa of Zaragoza from 1081 to 1085. Yusuf al-Mutaman reigned during the height of power of Muslim Zaragoza , following the thriving period of his father Ahmad al-Muqtadir. He continued his father's efforts and created around him a court of intellectuals, living in the beautiful palace of Aljafería, nicknamed as "the palace of joy". Al-Mu'taman was also a scholarly king and a patron of science, philosophy and arts. As an example of a wise king, he knew astrology, philosophy, and especially mathematics, a discipline in which
閱讀完整內容

Zucchini

圖片
This article is about the vegetable. For other uses, see Zucchini (disambiguation). Zucchini (courgette) A striped and a uniform color zucchini Genus Cucurbita Species Cucurbita pepo Origin 19th century northern Italy The zucchini ( / z uː ˈ k iː n i / , American English) or courgette ( / k ʊər ˈ ʒ ɛ t / , British English) is a summer squash which can reach nearly 1 metre (100 cm; 39 in) in length, but is usually harvested when still immature at about 15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 in). [1] A zucchini is a thin-skinned cultivar of what in Britain and Ireland is referred to as a marrow. [2] [3] In South Africa, a zucchini is known as a baby marrow. Along with certain other squashes and pumpkins, the zucchini belongs to the species Cucurbita pepo . It can be dark or light green. A related hybrid, the golden zucchini, is a deep yellow or orange color. [4] In a culinary context, the zucchini is treated as a vegetable; it is usually cooked and presented as a savory dish o
閱讀完整內容