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Games of the XXXII Olympiad

Host city	Tokyo, Japan
Motto	Discover Tomorrow (Japanese: .mw-parser-output ruby>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby>rtc{font-feature-settings:"ruby"1}.mw-parser-output ruby.large{font-size:250%}.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rt,.mw-parser-output ruby.large>rtc{font-size:.3em} 未来（あした）をつかもう)
Nations	207 (expected)
Athletes	11,091 (expected)
Events	339 in 33 sports (50 disciplines)
Opening	24 July
Closing	9 August
Stadium	New National Stadium
Summer
← Rio 2016 Paris 2024 →
Winter
← Pyeongchang 2018 Beijing 2022 →

Part of a series on

2020 Summer Olympics Bid process (bid details) Development (venues, torch relay) Marketing (mascots) Broadcasters Opening ceremony (flag bearers) Chronological summary Medal table (medallists) Controversies World and Olympic records Closing ceremony (flag bearers) Paralympics IOC JOC TOCOG v t e

The 2020 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXII Olympiad (Japanese: 第三十二回オリンピック競技大会, Hepburn: Dai Sanjūni-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai)^[1] and commonly known as Tokyo 2020, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020.

Tokyo was selected as the host city during the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires on 7 September 2013.^[2] These Games will mark the return of the Summer Olympics to Tokyo for the first time since 1964, and the fourth Olympics overall to be held in Japan, following the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo and the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. They will be the second of three consecutive Olympic Games to be held in East Asia, following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, and preceding the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China.

These Games will see the introduction of additional disciplines within several of the Summer Olympics sports, including 3x3 basketball, freestyle BMX and Madison cycling, as well as further mixed events. Under new IOC policies that allow sports to be added to the Games' programme to augment the permanent "core" Olympic events, these Games will see karate, sport climbing, surfing and skateboarding make their Olympic debuts, and the return of baseball and softball (which were removed from the summer programme after 2008).

Bidding process

Tokyo, Istanbul, and Madrid were the three candidate cities. The applicant cities of Baku (Azerbaijan) and Doha (Qatar) were not promoted to candidate status. A bid from Rome was withdrawn.

Host city election

The IOC voted to select the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympics on 7 September 2013 at the 125th IOC Session at the Buenos Aires Hilton in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Who later hosted to 2018 Summer Youth Games.) An exhaustive ballot system was used. No city won over 50% of the votes in the first round, and Madrid and Istanbul were tied for second place. A run-off vote between these two cities was held to determine which would be eliminated. In the final vote, a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul, Tokyo was selected by 60 votes to 36, as it got at least 49 votes needed for a majority.

2020 Summer Olympics host city election[3]
City	NOC name	Round 1	Runoff	Round 2
Tokyo	Japan	42	—	60
Istanbul	Turkey	26	49	36
Madrid	Spain	26	45	—

Development and preparation

The Tokyo Big Sight Conference Tower would be used as the IBC-MPC Complex.

View of the Rainbow Bridge from Odaiba Marine Park

The Sapporo Dome in Sapporo

The Tokyo metropolitan government set aside a fund of 400 billion Japanese yen (over 3.67 billion USD) to cover the cost of hosting the Games. The Japanese government is considering increasing slot capacity at both Haneda Airport and Narita International Airport by easing airspace restrictions. A new railway line is planned to link both airports through an expansion of Tokyo Station, cutting travel time from Tokyo Station to Haneda from 30 minutes to 18 minutes, and from Tokyo Station to Narita from 55 minutes to 36 minutes; the line would cost 400 billion yen and would be funded primarily by private investors. But East Japan Railway Company (East JR) is planning a new route near Tamachi to Haneda Airport.^[4] Funding is also planned to accelerate completion of the Central Circular Route, Tokyo Gaikan Expressway and Ken-Ō Expressway, and to refurbish other major expressways in the area.^[5] There are also plans to extend the Yurikamome automated transit line from its existing terminal at Toyosu Station to a new terminal at Kachidoki Station, passing the site of the Olympic Village, although the Yurikamome would still not have adequate capacity to serve major events in the Odaiba area on its own.^[6]

The Organizing Committee is headed by former Prime Minister Yoshirō Mori.^[7] Olympic and Paralympic Minister Yoshitaka Sakurada is overseeing the preparations on behalf of the Japanese government.^[8]

Japan has traditionally used Olympic events to showcase new technology. Telecom company NTT DoCoMo signed a deal with Finland's Nokia to provide 5G-ready baseband networks in Japan in time for the Olympics.^[9][10]

Venues and infrastructure

It was confirmed in February 2012 that the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo would be demolished and reconstructed, and receive a £1 billion upgrade for the 2019 Rugby World Cup as well as the 2020 Olympics.^[11] As a result, a design competition for the new stadium was launched. In November 2012, the Japan Sport Council announced that out of 46 finalists, Zaha Hadid Architects was awarded the design for the new stadium. Plans included dismantling the original stadium, and expanding the capacity from 50,000 to a modern Olympic capacity of about 80,000.^[12] However, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe announced in July 2015 that plans to build the New National Stadium would be scrapped and rebid on amid public discontent over the stadium's building costs. In Autumn 2015 a new design by Kengo Kuma was approved as winning project of new stadium design competition which decreased the capacity to between 60,000–80,000 depending by event^[13]

Twenty-eight of the thirty-three competition venues in Tokyo are within 8 kilometres (4.97 miles) of the Olympic Village. Eleven new venues are to be constructed.^[14]

In September 2016, a review panel stated that the cost of hosting the Olympics and Paralympics could quadruple from the original estimate, and therefore proposed a major overhaul to the current plan to reduce costs, including moving venues outside Tokyo.^[15] In October 2018, the Board of Audit issued a report stating that the total cost of the venues could exceed US$25 billion.^[16]

Heritage Zone

Seven venues for nine sports will be located within the central business area of Tokyo, northwest of the Olympic Village. Several of these venues were also used for the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Yokohama Stadium – Baseball

Tokyo Bay Zone

13 venues for 15 sports will be located in the vicinity of Tokyo Bay, southeast of the Olympic Village, predominantly on Ariake, Odaiba and the surrounding artificial islands.

Outlying venues

Twelve venues for 16 sports will be situated farther than 8 kilometres (5 mi) from the Olympic Village.

Football

Non-competition venues

Security

In December 2018 the Japanese Government chose to ban drones from flying over venues being used for the Olympic and Paralympic Games. A ban was also imposed for the 2019 Rugby World Cup.^[34]

Volunteers

Applications to be volunteers as the Olympic and Paralympic Games were released in September 2018. By January 2019 186,101 application had been received. Interviews to whittle the numbers down began in February 2019 and training taking place in October 2019.^[35]

Medals

In January 2016 the task force that was created to look at the legacy of the games recommended that Toyko follows Rio's lead and make the medals from recycled materials.^[36] while a petition created in July 2016 calling for the medals to be made from recycled material had 10,000 signatures by October 2016.^[37] The medals for the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics will be constructed using recycled metals; the organizing committee began an electronics recycling program to obtain the materials,with boxes for people to donate old mobile phones appearing from April 2017.^[38][39] Organisers needed to collect eight tonnes of metal - 40 kilograms of gold, 4,290kg of silver and 2,944kg of bronze in order to make the medals for the Olympic and Paralympic games.^[40] In May 2018 the organising committee noted that they had a shortage of silver needed for the medals.^[41] In November 2018 organisers announced that they had reached their 2,700 kilograms target of bronze and expected that the required amount of gold and silver would be reached by March 2019 for the medals.^[42][43] In December 2017 the organising committee launched a competition with the winner having their design on the medals.^[44]

Torch

Aluminium taken from temporary housing in Fukushima will be used to make the torches for the Olympic Flame. More than 10,000 pieces of aluminium will be used and organisers contacted local authorities to see which houses were no longer being used. The torch relay will arrive in Japan and begin it's journey across the country at Fukushima on 26 March 2020.^[43] The relay's slogan is hope lights our way and it is sponsored by Toyota.^[45][46] In December 2018 it was announced that cauldrons would be placed in the Olympic Stadium and on the waterfront near the Yume-no-Ohashi bridge. After the opening ceremony the flame would be transferred to the waterfront, with the stadium cauldron extinguished until the closing ceremony; with organisers stating that it was difficult to keep the cauldron in the stadium.^[47]

Ticketing

The opening ceremony tickets will range from 12,000 to 300,000 yen, with a maximum price of 130,000 yen for the finals of athletics.^[48] The average price of all the Olympic tickets is 7,700 yen. 50% of the tickets will be sold for 8,000 yen or less. A symbolic ticket price of 2,020 yen will be for families, groups resident in Japan and in conjunction with a school programme. Tickets will be sold through 40,000 shops in Japan and by mail order to Japanese addresses through the Internet.^[49] International guests will need to visit Japan during the sales period or arrange for tickets through a third party, such as a travel agent.^[50]

The Games

Sports

The official programme for the 2020 Summer Olympics was approved by the IOC executive board on 9 June 2017. The president of the IOC, Thomas Bach, stated that the goal for the Tokyo Games was to make them more "youthful" and "urban", and to increase the number of female participants.^[51][52]

The games will feature 339 events in 33 different sports, encompassing 50 disciplines. Alongside the five new sports that will be introduced in Tokyo, there will be fifteen new events within existing sports, including 3-on-3 basketball, freestyle BMX and Madison cycling, and new mixed events in several sports.

In the list below, the number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.

New sports

As part of a goal to control costs and ensure that the Olympics remain "relevant to sports fans of all generations", the IOC assessed the 26 sports contested at the 2012 Olympics, with the remit of dropping one sport and thus retaining 25 "core" sports to join new entrants golf and rugby sevens at the 2020 Games. This move would bring the total number of sports to 27, one less than the requirement of 28 for the 2020 Olympics programme, thus leaving a single vacancy which the IOC would seek to fill from a shortlist containing seven unrepresented sports as well as the sport that had been dropped from the 2012 Olympics programme.

On 12 February 2013, IOC leaders voted to drop wrestling from the "core" programme for the 2020 Games; this was a surprising decision considering that wrestling is one of the oldest Olympic sports, having been included since the ancient Olympic Games and included in the original programme for the modern Games. The New York Times felt that the decision was based on the shortage of well-known talent and the absence of women's events in the sport.^[53][54][55] Wrestling was duly added to the shortlist of applicants for inclusion in the 2020 Games, alongside the seven new sports that were put forward for consideration.

On 29 May 2013, it was announced that three sports had made the final shortlist: baseball/softball, squash and wrestling.^[56] The other five sports were excluded from consideration at this point: karate, roller sports, sport climbing, wakeboarding, and wushu.^[57] On 8 September 2013, at the 125th IOC Session, the IOC selected wrestling to be included in the Olympic programme for 2020 and 2024. Wrestling secured 49 votes, while baseball/softball and squash received 24 votes and 22 votes respectively.^[58]

Under new IOC policies that shift the Games to an "event-based" programme rather than sport-based, the host organizing committee can now also propose the addition of sports to the programme. This rule is designed so that sports popular in the host country can be added to the programme to improve local interest.^[59] As a result of these changes, a new shortlist of eight sports was unveiled on 22 June 2015, consisting of baseball/softball, bowling, karate, roller sports, sport climbing, squash, surfing, and wushu.^[60] On 28 September 2015, organisers submitted their shortlist of five proposed sports to the IOC: baseball/softball, karate, sport climbing, surfing, and skateboarding.^[61] The five proposed sports were approved on 3 August 2016 by the IOC during the 129th IOC Session in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and will be included in the sports programme for 2020 only, bringing the total number of sports at the 2020 Olympics to 33.^[62][63]

Test events

There will be test events before the Olympic and Paralympic Games they will be contested from June 2019 to June 2020 before the start of the 2020 Summer Olympics. Several of the events are existing championships but some will be created to serve as test events^[64][65]

Calendar

The 2020 schedule by session was approved by the IOC Executive Board on 18 July 2018, with the exception of swimming, diving, and synchronized swimming. A more detailed schedule by event is expected to be available in the spring of 2019.^[66][67]

All times and dates use Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)

OC

Opening ceremony

●

Event competitions

1

Gold medal events

CC

Closing ceremony

July/August		22 Wed	23 Thu	24 Fri	25 Sat	26 Sun	27 Mon	28 Tue	29 Wed	30 Thu	31 Fri	1 Sat	2 Sun	3 Mon	4 Tue	5 Wed	6 Thu	7 Fri	8 Sat	9 Sun	Events
Ceremonies				OC																CC	N/A
Archery				●	1	1	1	●	●	●	1	1									5
Athletics											●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1'	48
Badminton					●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●							5
Baseball									●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●		1		1
Basketball	Basketball					●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1	4
	3x3 Basketball				●	●	●	●	2
Boxing					●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●		●	●	●	●	●	●	13
Canoeing	Slalom					●	1	1	●	1	1										16
	Sprint													●	4	●	4	●	4
Cycling	Road cycling				1	1			2												22
	Track cycling													●	●	●	●	●	●	●
	BMX									●	2	●	2
	Mountain biking						1	1
Diving						1	1	1	1		●	●	1	●	1	●	1	●	1		8
Equestrian					●	●		1	1		●	●	●	2	●	1		●	1		6
Fencing					●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●								12
Field hockey					●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1			2
Football		●	●		●	●		●	●		●	●		●	●		●	1	1		2
Golf										●	●	●	1			●	●	●	1		2
Gymnastics	Artistic				●	●	1	1	1	1			4	5	5						18
	Rhythmic																	●	1	1
	Trampolining										1	1
Handball					●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1	2
Judo					●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●									15
Karate																	●	●	●		8
Modern pentathlon																	●	1	1		2
Rowing				●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●										14
Rugby sevens							●	●	1	●	●	1'									2
Sailing							●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●				10
Shooting					●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●							15
Skateboarding						1	1									1	1				4
Softball		●	●		●	●	●	1													1
Sport climbing															●	●	1	1			2
Surfing						●	●	●	2												2
Swimming					●	4	4	4	5	5'	4	4'	5			1	1				37
Synchronized swimming														●	●	1		●	1		2
Table tennis					●	●	1	●	●	1	1		●	●	●	●	1	1			5
Taekwondo					2	2	2	2													8
Tennis					●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1	3								5
Triathlon							1	1				1									3
Volleyball	Beach volleyball				●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1		4
	Volleyball				●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1
Water polo					●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	●	1	1	2
Weightlifting					●	●	●	●	●			●	●	●	●	●					14
Wrestling													●	●	●	●	●	●	●		18
Daily medal events																					339
Cumulative total																				339
July/August		22 Wed	23 Thu	24 Fri	25 Sat	26 Sun	27 Mon	28 Tue	29 Wed	30 Thu	31 Fri	1 Sat	2 Sun	3 Mon	4 Tue	5 Wed	6 Thu	7 Fri	8 Sat	9 Sun	Total events

Event scheduling

Per the historical precedent of swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing and figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, swimming finals will be held in the morning to allow live primetime broadcasts in the Americas (due to the substantial fees NBC has paid for rights to the Olympics, the IOC has allowed NBC to have influence on event scheduling to maximize U.S. television ratings when possible). Japanese broadcasters were said to have criticized the decision, as swimming is one of the most popular Olympic events in the country.^[68][69]

Marketing

Concerns and controversies

IAAF bribery claims

In January 2016, the second part of a World Anti-Doping Agency commission report into corruption included a footnote detailing a conversation between Khalil Diack, son of former International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) president Lamine Diack, and Turkish officials heading up the Istanbul bid team.^[70] A transcript of the conversation cited in the report suggested that a "sponsorship" payment of between US$4 million and 5 million had been made by the Japanese bid team "either to the Diamond League or IAAF".^[70] The footnote claimed that because Istanbul did not make such a payment, the bid lost the support of Lamine Diack. The WADA declined to investigate the claims because it was, according to its independent commission, outside the agency's remit.^[70]

In July and October 2013 (prior to and after being awarded the Games), Tokyo made two bank payments totalling SG$2.8 million to a Singapore-based company known as Black Tidings. The company is tied to Papa Massata Diack, a son of Lamine Diack who worked as a marketing consultant for the IAAF, and is being pursued by French authorities under allegations of bribery, corruption, and money laundering.^[71] Black Tidings is held by Ian Tan Tong Han, a consultant to Athletics Management and Services—which manages the IAAF's commercial rights, and has business relationships with Japanese firm Dentsu. Black Tidings has also been connected to a doping scandal involving the Russian athletics team.^[71][72][73]

Japanese Olympic Committee and Tokyo 2020 board member Tsunekazu Takeda stated that the payments were for consulting services, but refused to discuss the matter further because it was confidential. Toshiaki Endo called on Takeda to publicly discuss the matter. Massata denied that he had received any money from Tokyo's organizing committee.^[71][73] The IOC established a team to investigate these matters, and will closely follow the French investigation.^[74]

Logo plagiarism

The original logos of the 2020 Summer Olympics (top left) and Paralympics (top right) and the logo of the Théâtre de Liège (bottom).

The initial design for the official emblems of the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on 24 July 2015. The logo resembled a stylized "T"; a red circle in the top-right corner represented a beating heart, the flag of Japan, and an "inclusive world in which everyone accepts each other", and a dark grey column in the centre represented diversity.^[75] The Paralympic emblem was an inverted version of the pattern made to resemble an equal sign.^[76]

Shortly after the unveiling, Belgian graphics designer Olivier Debie accused the organizing committee of plagiarizing a logo he had designed for the Théâtre de Liège, which aside from the circle, consisted of nearly identical shapes. Tokyo's organizing committee denied that the emblem design was plagiarized, arguing that the design had gone through "long, extensive and international" intellectual property examinations before it was cleared for use.^[77][78] Debie filed a lawsuit against the IOC to prevent use of the infringing logo.^[79]

The emblem's designer, Kenjirō Sano, defended the design, stating that he had never seen the Liège logo, while TOCOG released an early sketch of the design that emphasized a stylized "T" and did not resemble the Liège logo.^[79] However, Sano was found to have had a history of plagiarism, with others alleging his early design plagiarized work of Jan Tschichold, that he used a photo without permission in promotional materials for the emblem, along with other past cases. On 1 September 2015, following an emergency meeting of TOCOG, Governor of Tokyo Yōichi Masuzoe announced that they had decided to scrap Sano's two logos. The committee met on 2 September 2015 to decide how to approach another new logo design.^[79]

On 24 November 2015, an Emblems Selection Committee was established to organize an open call for design proposals, open to Japanese residents over the age of 18, with a deadline set for 7 December 2015. The winner would receive ¥1 million and tickets to the opening ceremonies of both the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.^[80][81][82] On 8 April 2016, a new shortlist of four pairs of designs for the Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled by the Emblems Selection Committee; the Committee's selection—with influence from a public poll, was presented to TOCOG on 25 April 2016 for final approval.^[81]

Broadcasting

Sony and Panasonic are partnering with NHK to develop broadcasting standards for 8K resolution television, with a goal to release 8K television sets in time for the 2020 Olympics.^[83][84]

In the United States, the 2020 Summer Olympics will be broadcast by NBCUniversal properties, as part of a US$4.38 billion agreement that began at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.^[85]

In Europe, this will be the first Summer Olympics under the IOC's exclusive pan-European rights deal with Eurosport, which began at the 2018 Winter Olympics and run through 2024. The rights for the 2020 Games cover almost all of Europe, excluding France due to an existing rights deal that will expire following these Games in favour of Eurosport, and Russia due to a pre-existing deal with a marketer through 2024.^[86] Eurosport will sub-license coverage to free-to-air networks in each territory and other Discovery Inc.-owned channels. In the United Kingdom, these will be the last Games whose rights are primarily owned by the BBC, although as a condition of a sub-licensing agreement that will carry into the 2022 and 2024 Games, Eurosport holds exclusive pay television rights.^[87][88][89]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2020 Summer Olympics.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games 2020.

• Tokyo 2020


• Tokyo 2020 (IOC)


• Japanese Olympic Committee