Constituent Assembly of Pakistan




The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan (Bengali: পাকিস্তান্ গণপরিষদ্ Pākistān Gaṇapariṣad; Urdu: آئین ساز اسمبلی, Aāin Sāz Asimblī‬‎), was formed to write Pakistan's constitution and serve as its first parliament.





Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru addressing the constituent assembly of undivided India in Delhi, 1946





Jinnah responding to Mountbatten's address in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, August 14, 1947


It was preceded by the Constituent Assembly of India, which first met in the Indian Parliament on December 9, 1946 in Delhi, while India was still under British rule. It originally included the provinces that now compose Pakistan and Bangladesh, and the representation of the princely states of India.


In June 1947 the representatives of the Constituent Assembly of India from Sindh, East Bengal, Baluchistan, West Punjab and the North West Frontier Province withdrew to form the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, meeting in Karachi.


On August 15, 1947, following the partition of India, twenty-eight members of the Muslim League remained in the Indian Constituent Assembly, apart from 93 members who were from the princely states (including four members from Jammu & Kashmir who did not join the newly created Pakistani constituent assembly).


Pakistan's Constituent Assembly first convened on August 11, 1947, on the eve of independence and the end of British rule. Muhammad Ali Jinnah remained its president until his death on September 11, 1948. Subsequently, Liaquat Ali Khan headed it for three years and produced the Objectives Resolution, which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly in 1949 as an annex to Pakistan's constitution. It is important to mention that 21 members out of 69 voted for the Objectives Resolution. The assembly had a majority of Muslim League members, with the Pakistan National Congress, the successor to the INC in the state, forming the second largest party.


The assembly was widely criticized for its incompetence. Addressing a rally in Lahore on October 14, 1950, Maulana Maududi demanded its dissolution, arguing that the "lampost legislators" were incapable of drawing up an Islamic constitution. Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy said that assembly did not possess any of the characteristics of a democratic parliament. He argued that the nation would overlook any unconstitutional action on the governor general's part if he exorcised the fascist demon and established representative institutions.[1]


In contrast, the Constituent Assembly of India, which had more diversity, took less than two and a half years to draw up the Constitution of India. The Indian constitution was promulgated on January 26, 1950, and first general elections were held in 1952.[2]


The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was dissolved on October 24, 1954, by Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad. The dissolution was challenged by the president of the assembly in the notable case of Federation of Pakistan v. Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan, in which the federal court took the side of the governor general, in spite of dissent from one judge. Mohammad Ali Bogra was the Prime Minister of Pakistan at the time.


The second Constituent Assembly reconstituted on May 28, 1955. The constitution was promulgated on March 23, 1956, and Pakistan became an Islamic republic. On October 7, 1958, martial law was imposed on the country. The new regime abrogated the constitution, declaring it unworkable.


After coming to power, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto invited the leaders of the parliamentary parties to meet him on October 17, 1972, which resulted in an agreement known as the 'constitutional accord', after an intensive discussion. As per consultations floated by the PPP, the National Assembly of Pakistan appointed a 25-member committee, on April 17, 1972, to prepare a draft of the permanent constitution of Pakistan. Mahmud Ali Kasuri was the elected chairman of the committee. On October 20, 1972, the draft bill for the constitution was signed by leaders of all parliamentary groups in the National Assembly. A bill to provide a constitution for the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was introduced in the assembly on February 2, 1973. The assembly passed the bill nearly unanimously on April 10, 1973 and it was endorsed by the acting President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto on April 12, 1973.[3] The constitution came into effect on August 14, 1973. On the same day, Bhutto took over as the prime minister and Choudhary Fazal-e-Elahi as the president. On July 5, 1977, General Zia staged a military coup and suspended the constitution, which was restored in 1985. Similarly, when General Musharraf took over in 1999, the constitution was suspended for several years.



See also


  • Constituent assembly


References





  1. ^ Inamur Rehman, Public Opinion and Political Development in Pakistan (Karachi, Oxford, 1982)


  2. ^ ^ "Introduction to Constitution of India". Ministry of Law and Justice of India. July 29, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-14.


  3. ^ [1] Jennifer Musa




External links


  • History of Pakistan's National Assembly



-

這個網誌中的熱門文章

Post-Redirect-Get with Spring WebFlux and Thymeleaf

圖片
.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty{ height:90px;width:728px;box-sizing:border-box; } 2 Can someone explain to me how to implement the post-redirect-get pattern in Spring WebFlux and Thymeleaf? What subscribes on the database save method? @GetMapping("/register") public String showRegisterForm(Model model) { model.addAttribute("user", new User()); return "register"; } @PostMapping public String processRegisterForm(@Valid User user, BindingResult bindingResult) { if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) { return "register"; } else { userRepository.save(user); //what subscribes on this? //how to redirect on e.g. "/login"?
閱讀完整內容

Xamarin.form Move up view when keyboard appear

圖片
.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty{ height:90px;width:728px;box-sizing:border-box; } 0 I'm trying to build a Chat app UI, the idea of the Layout was pretty simple: When the input bar is focused, keyboard show up and "push" up the chat bar, as it's a grid, the ListView will resize to fit the screen: I update the input bar's margin to "push" it up: NSValue result = (NSValue)args.Notification.UserInfo.ObjectForKey(new NSString(UIKeyboard.FrameEndUserInfoKey)); CGSize keyboardSize = result.RectangleFValue.Size; if (Element != null){ Element.Margin = new Thickness(0, 0, 0,keyboardSize.Height); //push the entry up to keyboard height when keyboard is activated } And this is
閱讀完整內容

JBPM : POST request for execute process go wrong

圖片
0 I am new to jBPM. I reference jbpm.org for tutorial. And I tried " My First Business Application " example. It is OK. And then I tried the next tutorial " Business Application with Business Asset ". The first steps are going well. I successfully done installation of jBPM Console, drawing business process asset in KIE process and starting the application are going well. And I tested according to reference. I got a problem for sending POST request to my application. I use Chrome Postman client for sending POST request. In tutorial, they give the following link to make POST request. http://localhost:8090/rest/server/containers/business-application-kjar/processes/business-application-kjar.process/instances I do but I always get " 415 Unsupported Media Type " in every time. I
閱讀完整內容