District (China)
| District Sub-city | |||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 区 | ||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 區 | ||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 市辖区 | ||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 市轄區 | ||||||
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| This article is part of a series on |
| Administrative divisions of China |
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Provincial level (1st) Municipalities Provinces Autonomous regions Special administrative regions |
Sub-provincial level Sub-provincial cities Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Sub-provincial city districts |
Prefectural level (2nd) Prefectural cities Autonomous prefectures Leagues Prefectures (abolishing) |
Sub-prefectural-level Sub-prefectural cities Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Provincial-controlled districts |
County level (3rd) Counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts (obsolete) |
Analogous county level units Management areas Management committee |
Township level (4th) Townships Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Sums Ethnic sums County-controlled districts Management committees Town-level city (pilot) |
Analogous township level units Management areas Management committee Areas Farms area, Prison area, University towns etc. |
Village level (5th) informal (Grassroots Autonomous Organizations) Villages · Gaqas Residential communities Residential Committees |
Other Regions Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities Special Economic Zones |
History: before 1912, 1912–49, 1949–present Administrative division codes |
The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China.
In the modern context, district or sub-city (Chinese: 区), formally city-governed district, city-controlled district, or municipal district (Chinese: 市辖区), are subdivisions of a municipality or a prefecture-level city. The rank of a district derives from the rank of its city. Districts of a municipality are prefecture-level; districts of a sub-provincial city are sub-prefecture-level; and districts of a prefecture-level city are county-level.
It was also formerly used to refer the obsolete County-controlled districts (also known as district public office).
However, if the word district is encountered in the context of ancient Chinese history, then it is a translation for xian, another type of administrative division in China.
Before the 1980s, cities in the People's Republic of China were administrative divisions containing mostly urban, built-up areas, with very little farmland, except for the immediate suburbs in order to ensure a large supply of food or raw materials. As a result, districts were also mostly urban or suburban in nature.
After the 1980s, prefectures began to be replaced with prefecture-level cities. From then on, "cities" in mainland China became just like any other administrative division, containing urban areas, towns, villages, and farmland. These cities are subdivided into districts, counties, autonomous counties, and county-level cities. At the same time, counties and county-level cities began to be replaced with districts, especially after 1990. From then onwards, districts were no longer strictly an urban entities — some districts today are just like counties, with a large towns and townships under them governing rural areas.
Contents
1 Types of districts
1.1 Regular districts
1.2 Ethnic districts
1.3 Special districts
1.4 Forestry districts
1.5 10 Most Populated districts
1.6 Number of districts per city
2 County-controlled districts (obsolete)
3 Ancient sense
4 See also
5 References
Types of districts
Regular districts
A regular district under a municipality or prefecture-level city.
Ethnic districts
A type of city districts that are specially created for ethnic minorities. Currently there are 5 such "ethnic districts": three in Henan, one in Heilongjiang and one in Inner Mongolia.
- Chanhe Hui District
- Guancheng Hui District
- Shunhe Hui District
- Meilisi Daur District
Huimin District (the term “Huimin” refers to Hui people)
Special districts
A special county-level division located in Guizhou.
Liuzhi Special District, Liupanshui
Forestry districts
A special Sub-prefectural-level forestry district located in Hubei.
- Shennongjia
10 Most Populated districts
| District | Population (2010 Census) |
|---|---|
Pudong, Shanghai | 5,044,430 |
Bao'an, Shenzhen | 4,017,807 |
Chaoyang, Beijing | 3,545,137 |
Haidian, Beijing | 3,280,670 |
Nanhai, Foshan | 2,588,844 |
Binhai, Tianjin | 2,482,065 |
Shunde, Foshan | 2,461,701 |
Minhang, Shanghai | 2,429,372 |
Baiyun, Guangzhou | 2,223,150 |
Fengtai, Beijing | 2,112,162 |
Number of districts per city
| Number of districts | cities | Number of cities |
|---|---|---|
| 26 | Chongqing | 1 |
| 16 | Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin | 3 |
| 15 | Yichun (HL) | 1 |
| 13 | Wuhan | 1 |
| 11 | Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chengdu, Xi'an | 4 |
| 10 | Shenyang，Hangzhou | 2 |
| 9 | Harbin, | 1 |
| 8 | Shijiazhuang, Shenzhen | 2 |
| 7 | Tangshan, Qiqihar, Changchun, Dalian, Nanning, Ürümqi, Kunming, Jinan， Qingdao | 9 |
| 6 | Zhangjiakou, Xiamen, Shantou, Guiyang, Jixi, Hegang, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Changsha, Nanchang, Taiyuan, Ningbo, Guilin, Baotou, Handan，Fuzhou (FJ) | 16 |
| 5 | Huainan, Lanzhou, Foshan, Baoding, Daqing, Kaifeng, Yichang, Hengyang, Wuxi, Xuzhou, Changzhou, Suzhou (JS), Fuxin, Zibo, Zaozhuang, Liuzhou | 16 |
| 4 | Hefei, Wuhu, Bengbu, Putian, Quanzhou, Zhanjiang, Haikou, Sanya, Qinhuangdao, Shuangyashan, Jiamusi, Mudanjiang, Pingdingshan, Anyang, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Huangshi, Zhuzhou, Huai'an, Jilin, Anshan, Fushun, Benxi, Yingkou, Liaoyang, Xining, Yantai, Weifang, Datong, Zigong, Leshan, Wenzhou, Hohhot, Karamay | 34 |
| 3 | Tongling, Ma'anshan, Huaibei, Anqing, Huangshan, Fuyang, Lu'an, Shaoguan, Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Zhaoqing, Chengde, Qitaihe, Hebi, Luohe, Shiyan, Xiangyang, Ezhou, Shaoyang, Yueyang, Nantong, Lianyungang, Yancheng, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Taizhou (JS), Jingdezhen, Dongying, Dandong, Jinzhou, Panjin, Tieling, Huludao, Tongchuan, Baoji, Xianyang, Linyi, Yangquan, Panzhihua, Luzhou, Guangyuan, Nanchong, Mianyang, Shaoxing, Taizhou (ZJ), Zunyi, Wuzhou, Beihai, Guigang, Wuhai, Chifeng, Yinchuan, Ganzhou | 53 |
| 2 | Chuzhou, Hengshui, Sanming, Zhangzhou, Nanping, Longyan, Baiyin, Tianshui, Longnan, Maoming, Huizhou, Meizhou, Yangjiang, Qingyuan, Chaozhou, Jieyang, Yunfu, Anshun, Tongren, Xingtai, Cangzhou, Langfang, Sanmenxia, Nanyang, Shangqiu, Xinyang, Xuchang, Jingmen, Jingzhou, Xiangtan, Changde, Zhangjiajie, Yiyang, Chenzhou, Yongzhou, Suqian, Pingxiang, Jiujiang, Ji'an, Shangrao, Siping, Liaoyuan, Tonghua, Baishan, Chaoyang, Haidong, Weinan, Jining, Tai'an, Weihai, Rizhao, Laiwu, Dezhou, Binzhou, Heze, Yulin (SN), Changzhi, Shuozhou, Suining, Neijiang, Meishan, Yibin, Guang'an, Dazhou, Ya'an, Bazhong, Ziyang, Yuxi, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Jinhua, Quzhou, Zhoushan, Fuzhou (JX), Fangchenggang, Qinzhou, Yulin (GX), Hezhou, Hechi, Yan'an, Ordos, Hulunbuir, Shizuishan, Wuzhong, Lhasa, Qujing | 86 |
| 1 | Suzhou (AH), Bozhou, Chizhou, Xuancheng, Ningde, Jinchang, Wuwei, Zhangye, Pingliang, Jiuquan, Qingyang, Dingxi, Shanwei, Heyuan, Bijie, Liupanshui, Heihe, Suihua, Puyang, Zhoukou, Zhumadian, Xiaogan, Huanggang, Xianning, Suizhou, Huaihua, Loudi, Xinyu, Yingtan, Yichun (JX), Songyuan, Baicheng, Hanzhong, Ankang, Shangluo, Liaocheng, Jincheng, Jinzhong, Yuncheng, Xinzhou, Linfen, Lüliang, Deyang, Baoshan, Zhaotong, Lijiang, Pu'er, Lincang, Lishui, Baise, Laibin, Chongzuo, Tongliao, Bayannur, Ulanqab, Guyuan, Zhongwei, Xigazê, Qamdo, Nyingchi, Shannan, Turpan, Hami | 63 |
| 0 | Jiayuguan, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Sansha, Danzhou | 5 |
County-controlled districts (obsolete)
A county-controlled district sometimes translated as county-governed district; county district or sub-county; (Chinese: 县辖区，区; pinyin: Xiànxiáqǖ, Qǖ) is a sub-county in the People's Republic of China. A branch of a county government, a district public office (Chinese: 区公所; pinyin: Qū gōngsuǒ) is the administrative office in a district, it is not a local government. A county-controlled district was once an important subdivision of a county all over China from 1950s to 1990s. It was common for there to be about 5 to 10 districts in a county, then about 3 to 5 towns and townships in a district. After the 1990s, county-controlled districts began to be phased out, and their role were taken over by larger towns or townships created by merging smaller ones.
At the end of 2011, there are just 2 county-controlled districts left in China:
Nanshan District (Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou, Hebei)
Kuiyibage District (Poskam County, Kaxgar Prefecture, Xinjiang)
See Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China for how these two types of districts fit into the general administrative hierarchy of mainland China.
Ancient sense
If the word "district" is encountered in the context of ancient Chinese history, then the word is a translation for xian, another type of administrative division in China.
Xian has been translated using several English terms. In the context of ancient history, "district" and "prefecture" are commonly used, while "county" is used for more contemporary contexts.
See Counties of the People's Republic of China for more information on the xian of China.
See also
- List of districts in China
- District
