400 metres
Athletics 400 metres | |
|---|---|
 The closing stages of a men's 400 m race | |
| Men's records | |
| World |  Wayde van Niekerk 43.03 (2016) |
| Olympic | Wayde van Niekerk 43.03 (2016) |
| Women's records | |
| World |  Marita Koch 47.60 (1985) |
| Olympic |  Marie-José Pérec 48.25 (1996) |
The 400 metres, or 400 metre dash, is a sprinting event in track and field competitions. It has been featured in the athletics programme at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1964 for women. On a standard outdoor running track, it is one lap around the track. Runners start in staggered positions and race in separate lanes for the entire course. In many countries, athletes previously competed in the 440 yard dash (402.336 m)—which is a quarter of a mile and was referred to as the 'quarter-mile'—instead of the 400 m (437.445 yards), though this distance is now obsolete.
Maximum sprint speed capability is a significant contributing factor to success in the event, but athletes also require substantial speed endurance and the ability to cope well with high amounts of lactic acid to sustain a fast speed over a whole lap. While considered to be predominantly an anaerobic event, there is some aerobic involvement and the degree of aerobic training required for 400 metre athletes is open to debate.[1]
The current men's world record is held by Wayde van Niekerk of South Africa, with a time of 43.03 seconds; van Niekerk is also the reigning world and Olympic champion. The world indoor record holder is Michael Norman, in 44.52 seconds. The current women's world record is held by Marita Koch, with a time of 47.60 seconds. Phyllis Francis is the reigning women's world champion, while Shaunae Miller holds the women's Olympic title. The men's T43 Paralympic world record of 45.07 seconds is held by Oscar Pistorius.[2]
An Olympic double of 200 metres and 400 m was first achieved by Valerie Brisco-Hooks in 1984, and later by Marie-José Pérec of France and Michael Johnson from the United States on the same evening in 1996. Alberto Juantorena of Cuba at the 1976 Summer Olympics became the first and so far the only athlete to win both the 400 m and 800 m Olympic titles. Pérec became the first to defend the Olympic title in 1996, Johnson became the first and only man to do so in 2000.
The Olympic champion has frequently won a second gold medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay. This has been accomplished 14 times by men; Charles Reidpath, Ray Barbuti, Bill Carr, George Rhoden, Charles Jenkins, Otis Davis, Mike Larrabee, Lee Evans, Viktor Markin, Alonzo Babers, Steve Lewis, Quincy Watts, Jeremy Wariner and LaShawn Merritt; and 4 times by women; Monika Zehrt, Valerie Brisco-Hooks, Olga Bryzgina and Sanya Richards-Ross. All but Rhoden, Markin, Zehrt and Bryzgina ran on American relay teams. Injured after his double in 1996, Johnson also accomplished the feat in 2000 only to have it disqualified when his teammate Antonio Pettigrew admitted to doping.
Contents
1 Continental records
2 All-time top 25 sprinters
2.1 Men
2.1.1 Notes
2.2 Women
2.2.1 Notes
3 Indoor Top 10
3.1 Men indoor
3.2 Women indoor
4 Fastest relay splits
4.1 Men
4.2 Women
5 Most successful athletes
6 Olympic medalists
6.1 Men
6.2 Women
7 World Championships medalists
7.1 Men
7.2 Women
8 World Indoor Championships medalists
8.1 Men
8.2 Women
9 Season's bests
9.1 Men
9.2 Women
10 Notes and references
11 External links
Continental records
| Area | Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | ||
Africa (records) | 43.03 WR | Wayde van Niekerk | South Africa | 49.10 | Falilat Ogunkoya |  Nigeria | |
Asia (records) | 43.93 | Yousef Ahmed Masrahi |  Saudi Arabia | 49.08 | Salwa Eid Nasser |  Bahrain | |
Europe (records) | 44.33 | Thomas Schönlebe | East Germany | 47.60 WR | Marita Koch | East Germany | |
North, Central America and Caribbean (records) | 43.18 | Michael Johnson |  United States | 48.70 | Sanya Richards | United States | |
Oceania (records) | 44.38 | Darren Clark |  Australia | 48.63 | Cathy Freeman | Australia | |
South America (records) | 44.29 | Sanderlei Parrela |  Brazil | 49.64 | Ximena Restrepo |  Colombia | |
All-time top 25 sprinters
- A = affected by altitude
Men
- Correct as of July 2018.[3]
| Rank | Time | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 43.03 | Wayde van Niekerk | South Africa | 14 August 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [4] |
| 2 | 43.18 | Michael Johnson | United States | 26 August 1999 | Seville | |
| 3 | 43.29 | Harry 'Butch' Reynolds | United States | 17 August 1988 | Zürich | |
| 4 | 43.45 | Jeremy Wariner | United States | 31 August 2007 | Osaka | |
| 5 | 43.50 | Quincy Watts | United States | 5 August 1992 | Barcelona | |
| 6 | 43.61 | Michael Norman | United States | 8 June 2018 | Eugene | [5] |
| 7 | 43.65 | LaShawn Merritt | United States | 26 August 2015 | Beijing | [6] |
| 8 | 43.70 | Fred Kerley | United States | 26 May 2017 | Austin | [7] |
| 9 | 43.72 | Isaac Makwala |  Botswana | 5 July 2015 | La Chaux-de-Fonds | [8] |
| 10 | 43.74 | Kirani James |  Grenada | 3 July 2014 | Lausanne | [9] |
| 11 | 43.81 | Danny Everett | United States | 26 June 1992 | New Orleans | |
| 12 | 43.86 A | Lee Evans | United States | 18 October 1968 | Mexico City | |
| 13 | 43.87 | Steve Lewis | United States | 28 September 1988 | Seoul | |
Steven Gardiner |  Bahamas | 4 May 2018 | Doha | [10] | ||
| 15 | 43.93 | Yousef Ahmed Masrahi | Saudi Arabia | 23 August 2015 | Beijing | [11] |
Rusheen McDonald |  Jamaica | |||||
| 17 | 43.94 | Akeem Bloomfield | Jamaica | 8 June 2018 | Eugene | [12] |
| 18 | 43.97 A | Larry James | United States | 18 October 1968 | Mexico City | |
| 19 | 44.01 | Machel Cedenio |  Trinidad and Tobago | 14 August 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [13] |
| 20 | 44.02 | Baboloki Thebe | Botswana | 6 July 2017 | Lausanne | [14] |
| 21 | 44.05 | Angelo Taylor | United States | 23 June 2007 | Indianapolis | |
| 22 | 44.07 | Abdalleleh Haroun |  Qatar | 21 July 2018 | London | [15] |
| 23 | 44.09 | Alvin Harrison | United States | 19 June 1996 | Atlanta | |
| Jerome Young | United States | 21 June 1998 | New Orleans | |||
| 25 | 44.10 | Gary Kikaya |  Democratic Republic of the Congo | 9 September 2006 | Stuttgart |
Notes
Below is a list of all other times equal or superior to 43.84:
Michael Johnson also ran 43.39 (1995), 43.44 (1996), 43.49 (1996), 43.65 (1993) 43.66 (1995), 43.66 (1996), 43.68 (1998), 43.68 (2000), 43.74 (1993), 43.75 (1997), 43.84 (2000).
Wayde van Niekerk also ran 43.48 (2015), 43.62 (2017), 43.73 (2017).
Jeremy Wariner also ran 43.50 (2007), 43.62 (2006), 43.82 (2008).
Quincy Watts also ran 43.71 (1992), 43.83 (1992).
LaShawn Merritt also ran 43.74 (2013), 43.75 (2008).
Kirani James also ran 43.76 (2016).
Isaac Makwala also ran 43.84 (2017).
Women
- Correct as of July 2018.[16]
| Rank | Time | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 47.60 | Marita Koch | East Germany | 6 October 1985 | Canberra | |
| 2 | 47.99 | Jarmila Kratochvílová |  Czechoslovakia | 10 August 1983 | Helsinki | |
| 3 | 48.25 | Marie-José Pérec | France | 29 July 1996 | Atlanta | |
| 4 | 48.27 | Olga Vladykina |  Soviet Union | 6 October 1985 | Canberra | |
| 5 | 48.59 | Taťána Kocembová | Czechoslovakia | 10 August 1983 | Helsinki | |
| 6 | 48.63 | Cathy Freeman | Australia | 29 July 1996 | Atlanta | |
| 7 | 48.70 | Sanya Richards | United States | 16 September 2006 | Athens | |
| 8 | 48.83 | Valerie Brisco-Hooks | United States | 6 August 1984 | Los Angeles | |
| 9 | 48.89 | Ana Guevara |  Mexico | 27 August 2003 | Paris Saint-Denis | |
| 10 | 48.97 | Shaunae Miller-Uibo | Bahamas | 20 July 2018 | Monaco | [17] |
| 11 | 49.05 | Chandra Cheeseborough | United States | 6 August 1984 | Los Angeles | |
| 12 | 49.07 | Tonique Williams-Darling | Bahamas | 12 September 2004 | Berlin | |
| 13 | 49.08 | Salwa Eid Naser | Bahrain | 20 July 2018 | Monaco | [18] |
| 14 | 49.10 | Falilat Ogunkoya | Nigeria | 29 July 1996 | Atlanta | |
| 15 | 49.11 | Olga Nazarova | Soviet Union | 25 September 1988 | Seoul | |
| 16 | 49.16 | Antonina Krivoshapka |  Russia | 5 July 2012 | Cheboksary | |
| 17 | 49.19 | Mariya Pinigina | Soviet Union | 10 August 1983 | Helsinki | |
| 18 | 49.24 | Sabine Busch | East Germany | June 1984 | Erfurt | |
| 19 | 49.26 | Allyson Felix | United States | 27 August 2015 | Beijing | [19] |
| 20 | 49.28 | Irena Szewinska |  Poland | 29 July 1976 | Montreal | |
| Pauline Davis | Bahamas | 29 July 1996 | Atlanta | |||
| Yuliya Gushchina | Russia | 5 July 2012 | Cheboksary | |||
| 23 | 49.29 | Charity Opara | Nigeria | 14 July 1998 | Rome | |
| 24 | 49.30 | Petra Muller | East Germany | 3 June 1988 | Jena | |
| Lorraine Fenton | Jamaica | 19 July 2002 | Monaco |
Notes
Below is a list of all other times superior to 48.80:
Marita Koch also ran 48.16 (1982), 48.16 (1984), 48.22 (1986), 48.26 (1984), 48.60 (1979), 48.77 (1982).
Jarmila Kratochvílová also ran 48.45 (1983), 48.61 (1981).
Olga Vladykina / Bryzgina also ran 48.60 (1985), 48.65 (1988).
Taťána Kocembová also ran 48.73 (1984).
Indoor Top 10
Men indoor
| Rank | Time | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 44.52 | Michael Norman | United States | 10 March 2018 | College Station | |
| 2 | 44.57 | Kerron Clement | United States | 12 March 2005 | Fayetteville | |
| 3 | 44.63 | Michael Johnson | United States | 4 March 1995 | Atlanta | |
| 4 | 44.80 | Kirani James | Grenada | 27 February 2011 | Fayetteville | |
| 5 | 44.85 | Fred Kerley | United States | 11 March 2017 | College Station | |
| 6 | 44.86 | Akeem Bloomfield | Jamaica | 10 March 2018 | College Station | |
| 7 | 44.88 | Bralon Taplin | Grenada | 3 February 2018 | College Station | |
| 8 | 44.93 | LaShawn Merritt | United States | 11 February 2005 | Fayetteville | |
| 9 | 45.02 | Danny Everett | United States | 2 February 1992 | Stuttgart | |
| 10 | 45.03 | Torrin Lawrence | United States | 27 February 2011 | Fayetteville | |
Deon Lendore | Trinidad and Tobago | 1 March 2014 | College Station |
Women indoor
| Rank | Time | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 49.59 | Jarmila Kratochvílová | Czechoslovakia | 7 March 1982 | Milan | |
| 2 | 49.68 | Natalya Nazarova | Russia | 18 February 2004 | Moscow | |
| 3 | 49.76 | Taťána Kocembová | Czechoslovakia | 2 February 1984 | Vienna | |
| 4 | 50.01 | Sabine Busch | East Germany | 2 February 1984 | Vienna | |
| 5 | 50.02 | Nicola Sanders |  United Kingdom | 3 March 2007 | Birmingham | |
| 6 | 50.04 | Olesya Krasnomovets | Russia | 19 February 2006 12 March 2006 | Moscow | |
| 7 | 50.15 | Olga Zaytseva | Russia | 25 January 2006 | Moscow | |
| 8 | 50.21 | Vania Stambolova |  Bulgaria | 12 March 2006 | Moscow | |
| 9 | 50.23 | Irina Privalova | Russia | 12 March 1995 | Barcelona | |
| 10 | 50.28 | Petra Müller | East Germany | 6 March 1988 | Budapest |
Fastest relay splits
|
| Split | Athlete | Date | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
42.9 | Michael Johnson (USA) | 22 August 1993 | Stuttgart |
42.93 | Jeremy Wariner (USA) | 2 September 2007 | Osaka[20] |
43.06 | Michael Norman (USA) | 27 May 2018 | Sacramento[21] |
43.1 | Quincy Watts (USA) | 8 August 1992 | Barcelona |
| Jeremy Wariner (USA) | 2 September 2007 | Osaka | |
43.2 | Ronald Freeman (USA) | 20 October 1968 | Mexico City |
| Harry "Butch" Reynolds (USA) | 22 August 1993 | Stuttgart | |
| Tony McQuay (USA) | 20 August 2016 | Rio de Janeiro[22] | |
43.3 | Demetrius Pinder (BAH) | 10 August 2012 | London |
Women
| Split | Athlete | Date | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
47.6 | Jarmila Kratochvilova (CZE) | 11 September 1982 | Athens |
47.7 | Marita Koch (GDR) | 3 June 1984 | Erfurt |
| Allyson Felix (USA) | 30 August 2015 | Beijing | |
47.8 | Taťána Kocembová (CZE) | 18 August 1984 | Prague |
| Olga Bryzgina (URS) | 1 October 1988 | Seoul | |
| Olga Nazarova (URS) | |||
48.0 | Florence Griffith-Joyner (USA) |
Most successful athletes
3 or more 400 metres victories at the Olympic Games and World Championships:
- 6 wins: Michael Johnson (USA) - Olympic Champion in 1996 and 2000, World Champion in 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1999.
- 4 wins: Marie-Jose Perec (FRA) - Olympic Champion in 1992 and 1996, World Champion in 1991 and 1995.
- 3 wins: Cathy Freeman (AUS) - Olympic Champion in 2000, World Champion in 1997 and 1999
- 3 wins: Jeremy Wariner (USA) - Olympic Champion in 2004, World Champion in 2005 and 2007.
- 3 wins: Christine Ohuruogu (GBR) - Olympic Champion in 2008, World Champion in 2007 and 2013.
- 3 wins: LaShawn Merritt (USA) - Olympic Champion in 2008, World Champion in 2009 and 2013.
- 3 wins: Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) - Olympic Champion in 2016, World Champion in 2015 and 2017.
Olympic medalists
Men
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
1896 Athens | Thomas Burke  United States | Herbert Jamison United States | Charles Gmelin Great Britain |
1900 Paris | Maxie Long  United States | William Holland United States | Ernst Schultz  Denmark |
1904 St. Louis | Harry Hillman United States | Frank Waller United States | Herman Groman United States |
1908 London | Wyndham Halswelle Great Britain | None awarded | None awarded |
1912 Stockholm | Charles Reidpath  United States | Hanns Braun  Germany | Edward Lindberg United States |
1920 Antwerp | Bevil Rudd  South Africa | Guy Butler Great Britain | Nils Engdahl  Sweden |
1924 Paris | Eric Liddell Great Britain | Horatio Fitch United States | Guy Butler Great Britain |
1928 Amsterdam | Ray Barbuti United States | James Ball  Canada | Joachim Büchner  Germany |
1932 Los Angeles | Bill Carr United States | Ben Eastman United States | Alex Wilson Canada |
1936 Berlin | Archie Williams United States | Godfrey Brown Great Britain | James LuValle United States |
1948 London | Arthur Wint  Jamaica | Herb McKenley Jamaica | Mal Whitfield United States |
1952 Helsinki | George Rhoden Jamaica | Herb McKenley Jamaica | Ollie Matson United States |
1956 Melbourne | Charles Jenkins United States | Karl-Friedrich Haas  United Team of Germany | Voitto Hellstén  Finland |
Ardalion Ignatyev  Soviet Union | |||
1960 Rome | Otis Davis  United States | Carl Kaufmann  United Team of Germany | Malcolm Spence  South Africa |
1964 Tokyo | Mike Larrabee United States | Wendell Mottley Trinidad and Tobago | Andrzej Badeński  Poland |
1968 Mexico City | Lee Evans United States | Larry James United States | Ron Freeman United States |
1972 Munich | Vincent Matthews United States | Wayne Collett United States | Julius Sang  Kenya |
1976 Montreal | Alberto Juantorena  Cuba | Fred Newhouse United States | Herman Frazier United States |
1980 Moscow | Viktor Markin Soviet Union | Rick Mitchell  Australia | Frank Schaffer East Germany |
1984 Los Angeles | Alonzo Babers United States | Gabriel Tiacoh  Ivory Coast | Antonio McKay United States |
1988 Seoul | Steve Lewis United States | Butch Reynolds United States | Danny Everett United States |
1992 Barcelona | Quincy Watts United States | Steve Lewis United States | Samson Kitur Kenya |
1996 Atlanta | Michael Johnson United States | Roger Black Great Britain | Davis Kamoga  Uganda |
2000 Sydney | Michael Johnson United States | Alvin Harrison United States | Greg Haughton Jamaica |
2004 Athens | Jeremy Wariner United States | Otis Harris United States | Derrick Brew United States |
2008 Beijing | LaShawn Merritt United States | Jeremy Wariner United States | David Neville United States |
2012 London | Kirani James Grenada | Luguelín Santos  Dominican Republic | Lalonde Gordon Trinidad and Tobago |
2016 Rio | Wayde van Niekerk South Africa | Kirani James Grenada | LaShawn Merritt United States |
Women
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
1964 Tokyo | Betty Cuthbert Australia | Ann Packer Great Britain | Judy Amoore Australia |
1968 Mexico City | Colette Besson France | Lillian Board Great Britain | Natalya Pechonkina Soviet Union |
1972 Munich | Monika Zehrt East Germany | Rita Wilden West Germany | Kathy Hammond United States |
1976 Montreal | Irena Szewińska Poland | Christina Brehmer East Germany | Ellen Streidt East Germany |
1980 Moscow | Marita Koch East Germany | Jarmila Kratochvílová Czechoslovakia | Christina Lathan East Germany |
1984 Los Angeles | Valerie Brisco-Hooks United States | Chandra Cheeseborough United States | Kathy Smallwood-Cook Great Britain |
1988 Seoul | Olga Bryzgina Soviet Union | Petra Müller East Germany | Olga Nazarova Soviet Union |
1992 Barcelona | Marie-José Pérec France | Olga Bryzgina Unified Team | Ximena Restrepo Colombia |
1996 Atlanta | Marie-José Pérec France | Cathy Freeman Australia | Falilat Ogunkoya Nigeria |
2000 Sydney | Cathy Freeman Australia | Lorraine Graham Jamaica | Katharine Merry Great Britain |
2004 Athens | Tonique Williams-Darling Bahamas | Ana Guevara Mexico | Natalya Antyukh Russia |
2008 Beijing | Christine Ohuruogu Great Britain | Shericka Williams Jamaica | Sanya Richards United States |
2012 London | Sanya Richards-Ross United States | Christine Ohuruogu Great Britain | DeeDee Trotter United States |
2016 Rio de Janeiro | Shaunae Miller Bahamas | Allyson Felix United States | Shericka Jackson Jamaica |
World Championships medalists
Men
| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
1983 Helsinki | Bert Cameron (JAM) | Michael Franks (USA) | Sunder Nix (USA) |
1987 Rome | Thomas Schönlebe (GDR) | Innocent Egbunike (NGA) | Harry Reynolds (USA) |
1991 Tokyo | Antonio Pettigrew (USA) | Roger Black (GBR) | Danny Everett (USA) |
1993 Stuttgart | Michael Johnson (USA) | Butch Reynolds (USA) | Samson Kitur (KEN) |
1995 Gothenburg | Michael Johnson (USA) | Butch Reynolds (USA) | Greg Haughton (JAM) |
1997 Athens | Michael Johnson (USA) | Davis Kamoga (UGA) | Tyree Washington (USA) |
1999 Seville | Michael Johnson (USA) | Sanderlei Parrela (BRA) | Alejandro Cárdenas (MEX) |
2001 Edmonton | Avard Moncur (BAH) | Ingo Schultz (GER) | Greg Haughton (JAM) |
2003 Saint-Denis | Tyree Washington (USA) | Marc Raquil (FRA) | Michael Blackwood (JAM) |
2005 Helsinki | Jeremy Wariner (USA) | Andrew Rock (USA) |  Tyler Christopher (CAN) |
2007 Osaka | Jeremy Wariner (USA) | LaShawn Merritt (USA) | Angelo Taylor (USA) |
2009 Berlin | LaShawn Merritt (USA) | Jeremy Wariner (USA) | Renny Quow (TRI) |
2011 Daegu | Kirani James (GRN) | LaShawn Merritt (USA) |  Kevin Borlée (BEL) |
2013 Moscow | LaShawn Merritt (USA) | Tony McQuay (USA) | Luguelín Santos (DOM) |
2015 Beijing | Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) | LaShawn Merritt (USA) | Kirani James (GRN) |
2017 London | Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) | Steven Gardiner (BAH) | Abdalelah Haroun (QAT) |
Women
| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
1983 Helsinki | Jarmila Kratochvílová (TCH) | Taťána Kocembová (TCH) | Mariya Pinigina (URS) |
1987 Rome | Olga Bryzgina (URS) | Petra Muller (GDR) | Kirsten Emmelmann (GDR) |
1991 Tokyo | Marie-José Pérec (FRA) | Grit Breuer (GER) |  Sandra Myers (ESP) |
1993 Stuttgart | Jearl Miles (USA) | Natasha Kaiser-Brown (USA) | Sandie Richards (JAM) |
1995 Gothenburg | Marie-José Pérec (FRA) | Pauline Davis (BAH) | Jearl Miles (USA) |
1997 Athens | Cathy Freeman (AUS) | Sandie Richards (JAM) | Jearl Miles Clark (USA) |
1999 Seville | Cathy Freeman (AUS) | Anja Rücker (GER) | Lorraine Graham-Fenton (JAM) |
2001 Edmonton |  Amy Mbacké Thiam (SEN) | Lorraine Fenton (JAM) | Ana Guevara (MEX) |
2003 Saint-Denis | Ana Guevara (MEX) | Lorraine Fenton (JAM) | Amy Mbacké Thiam (SEN) |
2005 Helsinki | Tonique Williams-Darling (BAH) | Sanya Richards (USA) | Ana Guevara (MEX) |
2007 Osaka | Christine Ohuruogu (GBR) | Nicola Sanders (GBR) | Novlene Williams (JAM) |
2009 Berlin | Sanya Richards (USA) | Shericka Williams (JAM) | Antonina Krivoshapka (RUS) |
2011 Daegu | Amantle Montsho (BOT) | Allyson Felix (USA) | Anastasiya Kapachinskaya (RUS) |
2013 Moscow | Christine Ohuruogu (GBR) | Amantle Montsho (BOT) | Antonina Krivoshapka (RUS) |
2015 Beijing | Allyson Felix (USA) | Shaunae Miller (BAH) | Shericka Jackson (JAM) |
2017 London | Phyllis Francis (USA) | Salwa Eid Naser (BHR) | Allyson Felix (USA) |
World Indoor Championships medalists
Men
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
1985 Paris[A] | Thomas Schönlebe (GDR) | Todd Bennett (GBR) | Mark Rowe (USA) |
1987 Indianapolis | Antonio McKay (USA) | Roberto Hernández (CUB) | Michael Franks (USA) |
1989 Budapest | Antonio McKay (USA) | Ian Morris (TTO) | Cayetano Cornet (ESP) |
1991 Seville | Devon Morris (JAM) | Samson Kitur (KEN) | Cayetano Cornet (ESP) |
1993 Toronto | Butch Reynolds (USA) | Sunday Bada (NGR) | Darren Clark (AUS) |
1995 Barcelona | Darnell Hall (USA) | Sunday Bada (NGR) | Mikhail Vdovin (RUS) |
1997 Paris | Sunday Bada (NGR) | Jamie Baulch (GBR) |  Shunji Karube (JPN) |
1999 Maebashi | Jamie Baulch (GBR) | Milton Campbell (USA) | Alejandro Cárdenas (MEX) |
2001 Lisbon | Daniel Caines (GBR) | Milton Campbell (USA) | Danny McFarlane (JAM) |
2003 Birmingham | Tyree Washington (USA) | Daniel Caines (GBR) |  Paul McKee (IRL) Jamie Baulch (GBR) |
2004 Budapest | Alleyne Francique (GRN) | Davian Clarke (JAM) |  Gary Kikaya (COD) |
2006 Moscow | Alleyne Francique (GRN) | California Molefe (BOT) | Chris Brown (BAH) |
2008 Valencia | Tyler Christopher (CAN) | Johan Wissman (SWE) | Chris Brown (BAH) |
2010 Doha | Chris Brown (BAH) | William Collazo (CUB) | Jamaal Torrance (USA) |
2012 Istanbul |  Nery Brenes (CRC) | Demetrius Pinder (BAH) | Chris Brown (BAH) |
2014 Sopot | Pavel Maslák (CZE) | Chris Brown (BAH) | Kyle Clemons (USA) |
2016 Portland | Pavel Maslák (CZE) | Abdalelah Haroun (QAT) | Deon Lendore (TTO) |
2018 Birmingham | Pavel Maslák (CZE) | Michael Cherry (USA) | Deon Lendore (TTO) |
Women
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
1985 Paris[A] | Diane Dixon (USA) | Regine Berg (BEL) | Charmaine Crooks (CAN) |
1987 Indianapolis | Sabine Busch (GDR) | Lillie Leatherwood (USA) |  Judit Forgács (HUN) |
1989 Budapest | Helga Arendt (FRG) | Diane Dixon (USA) | Jillian Richardson (TTO) |
1991 Seville | Diane Dixon (USA) | Sandra Myers (ESP) |  Anita Protti (SUI) |
1993 Toronto | Sandie Richards (JAM) |  Tatyana Alekseyeva (RUS) | Jearl Miles Clark (USA) |
1995 Barcelona | Irina Privalova (RUS) | Sandie Richards (JAM) | Daniela Georgieva (BUL) |
1997 Paris | Jearl Miles Clark (USA) | Sandie Richards (JAM) | Helena Fuchsová (CZE) |
1999 Maebashi | Grit Breuer (GER) | Falilat Ogunkoya (NGR) | Jearl Miles Clark (USA) |
2001 Lisbon | Sandie Richards (JAM) | Olga Kotlyarova (RUS) | Olesya Zykina (RUS) |
2003 Birmingham | Natalya Nazarova (RUS) | Christine Amertil (BAH) | Grit Breuer (GER) |
2004 Budapest | Natalya Nazarova (RUS) | Olesya Forsheva (RUS) | Tonique Williams-Darling (BAH) |
2006 Moscow | Olesya Forsheva (RUS) | Vania Stambolova (BUL) | Christine Amertil (BAH) |
2008 Valencia | Olesya Zykina (RUS) | Natalya Nazarova (RUS) | Shareese Woods (USA) |
2010 Doha | Debbie Dunn (USA) | Tatyana Firova (RUS) | Vania Stambolova (BUL) |
2012 Istanbul | Sanya Richards-Ross (USA) | Aleksandra Fedoriva (RUS) | Natasha Hastings (USA) |
2014 Sopot | Francena McCorory (USA) | Kaliese Spencer (JAM) | Shaunae Miller (BAH) |
2016 Portland | Kemi Adekoya (BHR) | Ashley Spencer (USA) | Quanera Hayes (USA) |
2018 Birmingham | Courtney Okolo (USA) | Shakima Wimbley (USA) | Eilidh Doyle (GBR) |
A Known as the World Indoor Games
Season's bests
|
| Year | Time | Athlete | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
1966 | 44.82y | Wendell Mottley (TTO) | Kingston |
1967 | 44.74+h | Tommie Smith (USA) | San Jose |
1968 | 43.86A | Lee Evans (USA) | Ciudad de México |
1969 | 44.67y | Curtis Mills (USA) | Knoxville |
1970 | 45.01 | Charles Asati (KEN) | Edinburgh |
1971 | 44.44yh | John Smith (USA) | Eugene |
1972 | 44.34h | Wayne Collett (USA) | Eugene |
1973 | 44.85y | Maurice Peoples (USA) | Baton Rouge |
1974 | 44.94h | Alberto Juantorena (CUB) | Ciudad de México |
1975 | 44.45A | Ronnie Ray (USA) | Ciudad de México |
1976 | 44.26 | Alberto Juantorena (CUB) | Montreal |
1977 | 44.65 | Alberto Juantorena (CUB) | La Habana |
1978 | 44.27A | Alberto Juantorena (CUB) | Medellin |
1979 | 44.92 | Harald Schmid (FRG) | Stuttgart |
1980 | 44.60 | Viktor Markin (RUS) | Moscow |
1981 | 44.58 | Bert Cameron (JAM) | Baton Rouge |
1982 | 44.68 | Sunder Nix (USA) | Indianapolis |
1983 | 44.50 | Erwin Skamrahl (FRG) | München |
1984 | 44.27 | Alonzo Babers (USA) | Los Angeles |
1985 | 44.47 | Michael Franks (USA) | Canberra |
1986 | 44.30 | Gabriel Tiacoh (CIV) | Indianapolis |
1987 | 44.10 | Harry Reynolds (USA) | Columbus |
1988 | 43.29 | Harry Reynolds (USA) | Zürich |
1989 | 44.27 | Antonio Pettigrew (USA) | Houston |
1990 | 44.06 | Danny Everett (USA) | Seville |
1991 | 44.17 | Michael Johnson (USA) | Lausanne |
1992 | 43.50 | Quincy Watts (USA) | Barcelona |
1993 | 43.65 | Michael Johnson (USA) | Stuttgart |
1994 | 43.90 | Michael Johnson (USA) | Madrid |
1995 | 43.39 | Michael Johnson (USA) | Gothenburg |
1996 | 43.44 | Michael Johnson (USA) | Atlanta |
1997 | 43.75 | Michael Johnson (USA) | Waco |
1998 | 43.68 | Michael Johnson (USA) | Zürich |
1999 | 43.18 | Michael Johnson (USA) | Sevilla |
2000 | 43.68 | Michael Johnson (USA) | Sacramento |
2001 | 44.28 | Tyree Washington (USA) | Los Angeles |
2002 | 44.45 | Leonard Byrd (USA) | Belém |
2003 | 44.33 | Tyree Washington (USA) | Palo Alto |
2004 | 44.00 | Jeremy Wariner (USA) | Athens |
2005 | 43.93 | Jeremy Wariner (USA) | Helsinki |
2006 | 43.62 | Jeremy Wariner (USA) | Rome |
2007 | 43.45 | Jeremy Wariner (USA) | Osaka |
2008 | 43.75 | LaShawn Merritt (USA) | Beijing |
2009 | 44.06 | LaShawn Merritt (USA) | Berlin |
2010 | 44.13 | Jeremy Wariner (USA) | Zürich |
2011 | 44.35 | LaShawn Merritt (USA) | Daegu |
2012 | 43.94 | Kirani James (GRN) | London |
2013 | 43.74 | LaShawn Merritt (USA) | Moscow |
2014 | 43.74 | Kirani James (GRN) | Lausanne |
2015 | 43.48 | Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) | Beijing |
2016 | 43.03 | Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) | Rio de Janeiro |
2017 | 43.62 | Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) | Lausanne |
2018 | 43.61 | Michael Norman (USA) | Eugene |
Women
| Year | Time | Athlete | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
1966 | |||
1967 | |||
1968 | 52.03 | Colette Besson (FRA) | Mexico |
1969 | 51.72 | Nicole Duclos (FRA) | Athens |
1970 | 51.02 | Marilyn Neufville (JAM) | Edinburgh |
1971 | 52.14 | Helga Seidler (GDR) | Helsinki |
1972 | 51.08 | Monika Zehrt (GDR) | Munich |
1973 | 51.27 | Mona-Lisa Pursiainen (FIN) | Helsinki |
1974 | 50.14 | Riitta Salin (FIN) | Rome |
1975 | 50.50 | Irena Szewinska (POL) | Nice |
1976 | 49.28 | Irena Szewinska (POL) | Montreal |
1977 | 49.52 | Irena Szewinska (POL) | Düsseldorf |
1978 | 48.94 | Marita Koch (GDR) | Prague |
1979 | 48.60 | Marita Koch (GDR) | Potsdam |
1980 | 48.88 | Marita Koch (GDR) | Moscow |
1981 | 48.61 | Jarmila Kratochvílová (CZE) | Rome |
1982 | 48.16 | Marita Koch (GDR) | Athens |
1983 | 47.99 | Jarmila Kratochvílová (CZE) | Helsinki |
1984 | 48.16 | Marita Koch (GDR) | Prague |
1985 | 47.60 | Marita Koch (GDR) | Canberra |
1986 | 48.22 | Marita Koch (GDR) | Stuttgart |
1987 | 49.38 |  Olga Bryzgina (UKR) | Rome |
1988 | 48.65 | Olga Bryzgina (UKR) | Seoul |
1989 | 50.01 | Ana Fidelia Quirot (CUB) | Duisburg |
1990 | 49.50 | Grit Breuer (GER) | Split |
1991 | 49.32 | Marie-José Pérec (FRA) | Frankfurt |
1992 | 48.83 | Marie-José Pérec (FRA) | Frankfurt |
1993 | 49.81 |  Ma Yuqin (CHN) | Beijing |
1994 | 49.77 | Marie-José Pérec (FRA) | Paris |
1995 | 49.28 | Marie-José Pérec (FRA) | Gothenburg |
1996 | 48.25 | Marie-José Pérec (FRA) | Atlanta |
1997 | 49.39 | Cathy Freeman (AUS) | Oslo |
1998 | 49.29 | Charity Opara (NGR) | Rome |
1999 | 49.62 | Falilat Ogunkoya (NGR) | Lagos |
2000 | 49.11 | Cathy Freeman (AUS) | Sydney |
2001 | 49.59 | Katharine Merry (GBR) | Athens |
2002 | 49.16 | Ana Guevara (MEX) | Zürich |
2003 | 48.89 | Ana Guevara (MEX) | Saint-Denis |
2004 | 49.07 | Tonique Williams-Darling (BAH) | Berlin |
2005 | 48.92 | Sanya Richards-Ross (USA) | Zürich |
2006 | 48.70 | Sanya Richards-Ross (USA) | Athens |
2007 | 49.27 | Sanya Richards-Ross (USA) | Berlin Stuttgart |
2008 | 49.62 | Christine Ohuruogu (GBR) | Beijing |
2009 | 48.83 | Sanya Richards-Ross (USA) | Brussels |
2010 | 49.64 | Debbie Dunn (USA) | Des Moines |
2011 | 49.35 | Anastasiya Kapachinskaya (RUS) | Cheboksary |
2012 | 49.16 | Antonina Krivoshapka (RUS) | Cheboksary |
2013 | 49.33 | Amantle Montsho (BOT) | Monaco |
2014 | 49.48 | Francena McCorory (USA) | Sacramento |
2015 | 49.26 | Allyson Felix (USA) | Beijing |
2016 | 49.44 | Shaunae Miller (BAH) | Rio de Janeiro |
2017 | 49.46 | Shaunae Miller-Uibo (BAH) | Brussels |
2018 | 48.97 | Shaunae Miller-Uibo (BAH) | Monaco |
Notes and references
^ Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, "Aerobic versus anaerobic training for success in various athletic events" by Shepard, R. J., 1978
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2012.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ "All-time men's best 400m". alltime-athletics.com. 8 January 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
^ "Men's 400m Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 14 August 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
^ Roy Jordan (9 June 2018). "Benjamin and Norman break collegiate records at NCAA Championships". IAAF. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
^ "400m Results". IAAF. 26 August 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
^ Jon Mulkeen (27 May 2017). "Kerley cruises to 43.70 clocking for 400m at NCAA West Preliminaries". IAAF. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^ "400m Results" (PDF). www.sep-olympic.ch. 5 July 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-03.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
^ "400m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 4 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
^ "400m Men - Heats Results". IAAF. 23 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
^ Roy Jordan (9 June 2018). "Benjamin and Norman break collegiate records at NCAA Championships". IAAF. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
^ "Men's 400m Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 14 August 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
^ "400m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
^ "400m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 21 July 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
^ "All-time women's best 400m". alltime-athletics.com. 26 November 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
^ "400m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 20 July 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
^ "400m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 20 July 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
^ "400m Results". IAAF. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
^ "4x400 Metres Relay Icons". Retrieved 10 June 2018.Jeremy Wariner: The two-time world 400m champion was a key member of the USA 4x400m squad in the 2000s, picking up two Olympic relay golds and three world titles. He also boasts the second-fastest relay split in history with his 42.93 from the 2007 World Championships.
^ "Men's 4×400m Relay Results". ncaa.com. 27 May 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
^ https://smsprio2016-a.akamaihd.net/_odf-documents/A/T/ATM404101_Results_2016_08_20_3f946dd6_c984_4e33_bf39_31afec5beb68.pdf
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to 400 metres. |
- IAAF list of 400-metres records in XML
- All-time Masters men's 400 m list
- All-time Masters women's 400 m list
