Tania Bruguera



























Tania Bruguera

Tania bruguera.jpg
Havana, 2009

Born
Tania Brugueras


1968 (age 50–51)

Havana, Cuba

Alma mater
Instituto Superior de Arte,
School of the Art Institute of Chicago
Known for Performance art, installation, and video
Awards Guggenheim Fellowship (1998), Prince Claus Prize (2000)
Website http://www.taniabruguera.com

Tania Bruguera (born 1968) is a Cuban installation and performance artist. She lives and works between New York and Havana, and has participated in numerous international exhibitions.[1] Her work is also in the permanent collections of many institutions, including the Museum of Modern Art and Bronx Museum of the Arts and the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana.[1]


Bruguera's work pivots around issues of power and control, and several of her works interrogate and re-present events in Cuban history.[2][3] As a result of her art actions and activism, Bruguera has been arrested and jailed several times.




Contents






  • 1 Biography


  • 2 Work


    • 2.1 Activism




  • 3 Exhibitions


  • 4 Awards


  • 5 References


  • 6 External links





Biography


She was born Tania Brugueras, the daughter of diplomat and politician Miguel Brugueras, but aged 18 changed her name to Bruguera, "her first act of political rebellion".[4]


With her father being a diplomat and minister in the Fidel Castro government, Tania moved three times throughout her childhood. Her father's career took the family to Paris (1973–1974), Lebanon (1974–1977), and Panama (1977–1979). In 1979, two years after her third move, Bruguera decided to return to Cuba.[5]


Bruguera studied at the Instituto Superior de Arte in Havana and then earned an M.F.A. in performance from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.[6][2][1] She is the founder and director of Catédra Arte de Conducta (behavior art school), the first performance studies program in Latin America, which is hosted by Instituto Superior de Arte in Havana. There has been controversy within the Cuban community over Bruguera's family connections to the political class. There are some opinions that these may be the reason why she, as a Marxist Cuban, could develop an international career in a way that is no true opponent of the Cuban government could ever realize.[7][8][9]


From 2003 through 2010, she was an assistant professor at the Department of Visual Arts of the University of Chicago, United States and is an invited professor at the Università Iuav di Venezia in Venice, Italy.[2][10][11]



Work


Tania Bruguera's 1997 work The Burden of Guilt (El peso de la culpa) was the artist's take on a story that indigenous people in Cuba vowed to eat dirt and nothing else rather than be the captives of the Spanish conquistadors.[12][13] Bruguera interpreted their act of eating dirt as "a weapon of resistance."[12] In her performance, Bruguera stood, naked, with a lamb carcass hanging from her neck, creating both a physical and symbolic burden.[12] For 45 minutes, she consumed soil mixed with water and salt, representing tears.[12][14] As Edward Rubin described it, "the harrowing piece was first performed in Havana, where the audience was duly reminded that freedom, liberty, and self-determination are not abstract ideals, but achievements that deeply inscribe their meaning on our physical being."[14]


In 1998–9 Tania created a behavior art piece titled "Desierro," which translates into ‘displacement’ in English.[15] This piece of work resembles the power figure ‘Nikis Nkonde’ and is supposed to draw attention to the empty promises the Cuban government made to its people during the revolution.[15] With this piece of art Tania calls upon the Cuban people to take an active stance and demands from the Cuban government to finally fulfill their promises.[15]


In 2002 Tania Bruguera founded the Cátedra Arte de Conducta (Behavior Art School) in Havana to provide a space for the training of alternative art studies in contemporary Cuban society.[16] The focus of the Cátedra was to educate Cubans on diverse styles of art, and to show how art could be used as a tool for the transformation of ideology.[16]


A March 2009 performance by Tania Bruguera at an arts centre in Havana has been involved in controversy. During the performance Bruguera put up a microphone and told people in attendance they could say whatever they wanted for one minute. Various of the attendees use the opportunity to ask for “freedom” and “democracy”. One of these was the awarded blogger Yoani Sánchez.[17][18][19] The Cuban government denounced this in a statement saying that it considered “this to be an anti-cultural event of shameful opportunism that offends Cuban artists and foreigners who came to offer their work and solidarity."[17][20]


In 2011, Bruguera began working on Immigrant Movement International, a multi-part artwork expected to continue through 2015.[21] Bruguera began in 2011 by spending a year living in a small apartment in Corona, Queens, with five immigrants and their children.[11] She was interested in experiencing some problems immigrants without residency papers encountered trying to survive on low pay and without health insurance.[11] The project, funded by the Queens Museum of Art and a nonprofit arts group called Creative Time, also involved opening a storefront in New York where Bruguera wanted to hold arts workshops for immigrants, but found that most of the people who came to the store were interested in learning English or help finding employment or legal aid.[11]


In 2012, she presented Surplus Value, a participatory work as part of the larger project of Immigrant Movement International. In order to enter Surplus Value, museum visitors waited in a long line, and some were randomly allowed to enter, while others were submitted to lie detector tests asking about their travel history.[21] The exhibition space contained four reproductions of signs from Nazi labor camps.[21]


In 2013, she initiated the project The Museum of Arte Útil in collaboration with Queens Museum of Art in New York and the Van Abbemuseum in Eindhoven (NL).[22] Arte Útil in Spanish roughly translates as useful art, but also suggests art as a device or tool. Arte Útil imagines, creates and implements socially beneficial outcomes. The Museum of Arte Útil evolved in the Asociación de Arte Útil, a new, international membership organisation that seeks to promote and implement Arte Útil.[23] Alistair Hudson, director of the Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art (MIMA) is co-director with Bruguera of the Asociación.


In 2017, Bruguera proposed herself as a candidate in the 2018 Cuban Presidential Election in a video called #YoMePropongo en Cuba. In this project, she challenges the audience to imagine what they would do to create a better future Cuba, if they were elected president. To date, Bruguera has received 70 video responses from everyday Cubans expressing their desires to reform the corrupt government, include affordable housing, and improve their weak economy.[24]


In 2018, she was the recipient of a commission for the Tate Modern's Turbine Hall.[25] For the installation, Bruguera covered part of the floor with heat-sensitive black paint; when visitors sat or lay upon it, part of a vast portrait of a Syrian refugee beneath was revealed. Curator Catherine Wood explained, "It is a call to action, because there's no way that you can see this picture unless you join together with many, many other people."[26]


Bruguera has participated in numerous international exhibitions, including Documenta 11 (2002), the Bienal Iberoamericana in Lima, Peru (2002), the Istanbul Biennial (2003), the Shanghai Biennale (2004), and the Gwangju Biennale in Gwangju, Korea (2008).[1] Her work is also in the permanent collections of many institutions around the world, including the Museum of Modern Art and Bronx Museum of the Arts in New York and the Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana.[1]



Activism


Bruguera was arrested and released three times in the time frame of December 2014 through January 2015[27][28][29] for having organized a public performance in La Havana's Plaza de la Revolución. She was detained with several other Cuban artists, activists, bloggers and journalists who participated in the 'Yo Tambien Exijo' campaign. The campaign arose after Raúl Castro and Barack Obama’s declarations on December 17th, 2014[30][31] about  the restoration of diplomatic ties, potentially bringing an end to five decades of hostility. The first arrests were made on Tuesday, December 30th, after Bruguera announced a public performance with the intention of leaving an open microphone available to Cubans to allow them to freely express their thoughts. The performance, titled Tatlin’s wisper #6 – Havana Version, was already staged in 2009 during the 10th Havana Biennial.[32]


The event has attracted widespread media coverage[33][34][35][36][37] both in favor and against her action and a public letter[38] in support of Tania addressed to Raúl Castro was written and signed by over a thousand people across the globe. The letter stated: ‘We firmly believe her detention, and the withdrawal of her Cuban passport, are inappropriate responses to a work of art that simply sought to open space for public discussion.’ Eventually she was released and the Cuban government returned Tania Bruguera's passport on 10 July 2015, six months after confiscating it.[39]


In December 2015, Bruguera announced that she may still return to Cuba. She said that during the time of her detention she only agreed to leave under two conditions: that dissidents who were arrested after attending her aborted performance in Revolution Square be released; and that the Cuban government give her a signed and stamped letter guaranteeing that she could return to Cuba.[40]


On March 3, 2016 she launched a Kickstarter campaign to raise funds for INSTAR (Institute of Artivism Hannah Arendt). The Institute focuses on creating bridges of trust, peaceful and considered responses in times of hardship, and to create a place where people with different political views can come together to build a better country.[41]


In October 2017, Tania Bruguera announced that she would be running for "President of Cuba", when the current President Raul Castro (brother of Fidel Castro) steps down. Bruguera has stated that the satirical performance is an act to expose the fact of Cuba being a one party state that is not elected by the people. She is hoping to enact change with bringing to light this reality, removing the culture of fear.[42]


Bruguera was arrested in December 2018 in advance of a planned protest against a Cuban law (Decree 349) that would require artists to apply for government licenses.[43][44] On 6 December 2018, Bruguera was released from jail after three days along with a dozen other artists and activists for organizing sit-in protests against Decree 349. [45][46] Bruguera filed a lawsuit against the Cuban government for defamation after the publication of information that sought to "damag[e] [the artist] and [her] family, psychologically, socially, and professionally,”[47] was published in state-run media publications Gramma newspaper, Razones de Cuba, and La Jiribilla.



Exhibitions

































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































2018
Untitled (Havana 2000)

The Museum of Modern Art, New York, United States
Solo
2004
Dated Flesh
Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, United States
Solo
2004
Art Projects
Art Basel, Miami, United States
Group
2004
Shangai Bienale
Shangai, China
Group
2004
Island Nations

Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Rhode Island, United States
Group
2003
Esercizio di resistenza
Franco Soffiantino Gallery, Turin, Italy
Solo
2003
Autobiografia
Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Havana, Cuba
Solo
2003
The Royal, royal trip
PS1, New York, New York
Group
2003
Untitled
Palacio del Patio Herreriano, Valladollid, Spain
Group
2003
Poetic Justice
8th Istanbul Bienale, Istanbul, Turkey
Group
2003
The living museum
Museum fur Modern Kunst, Frankfurt, Germany
Group
2002
Ingeniero de almas
Palacio de Abrantes, Salamanca, Spain
Solo
2002
Tania Bruguera – Ghada Amer
San Francisco Art Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
Solo
2002
Fusion Cuisine
Deste Foundation, Athens, Greece
Group
2002
Extreme Existence
Pratt Institute. New York
Group
2002
Documenta 11
Kassel, Germany
Group
2002
The Stone and water
Helsinki Art Museum, Helsinki, Finland
Group
2002
No place
IFA Gallery, Bonn, Germany
Group
2002
III Bienal de Lima
Lima, Peru
Group
2002
Untitled
F.A.I.R The Royal College, London
Group
2001
La isla en peso
Casa de las Américas, Havana
Solo
2001
Tania Bruguera
LiebmanMagnan Gallery, New York
Solo
2001
A little bit of history repeated
Kunst Werte, Berlin, Germany
Group
2001
Mercancias
Espacio C, Cantabria, Spain
Group
2001
Span
International Performance Arts Residency Project, London, United Kingdom
Group
2001
The Plateau of Humankind
49th Venice Bienal, Venice, Italy
Group
2001
Do you have time?
LiebmanMagnan Gallery, New York
Group
2000
Uno mas cerca del otro, VII Bienal de la Habana
Fortaleza de San Carlos de la Cabaña, Galería de Contraminas de San Ambrosio, La Habana
Group
2000
Arte all Arte, 5th edition
Fortezza di Poggio Imperiale, Arte Continua, Poggibonsi, Tuscany, Italy
Group
2000
Exotica Incognita
3rd. Kwangju Bienale, Kwangju
Group
2000
Cutting Edge
ARCO: Feria de Arte Contemporáneo, Recinto Ferial Juan Carlos I Madrid, Spain
Group
1999
Recent work
Vera van Laer Gallery, Antwerp, Belgium
Solo
1999
Videodrome
The New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York
Group
1999
Utopia-Distopia
8va. Muestra Internacional de Performance, Mexico City, Mexico
Group
1999
Looking for a Place, III International Biennial
SITE Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States
Group
1999
Happening
Stedelijk Museum voor Actuele Kunst, Gent, Belgium
Group
1999
Cuba – Maps of desire
Kunsthalle Wien, Austria
Group
1998
Art in Freedom
Boymans van Beuningen Museum, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Group
1998
The Garden of Forking Paths
Helsinki City Art Museum, Helsinki, Finland
Group
1998
II Salón de Arte Contemporáneo
Centro de Arte Contemporáneo Wifredo Lam, La Habana
Group
1998
Obsesiones
Centro de Arte Contemporáneo Wifredo Lam, Havana
Group
1998
De discretas autorías. Cuba y Venezuela: Nuevas poéticas
Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Mario Abreu, Maracay, Venezuela
Group
1998
Fragmentos a su imán
Galería Latinoamericana, Casa de las Américas, Havana
Group
1998
III Bienal Barro de América

Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela
Group
1998
Desde el cuerpo: Alegorías de lo femenino
Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas
Group
1997
El peso de la culpa
Tejadillo 214, Havana
Solo
1997
Anima
The School of the Art Institute of Chicago,Illinois, U.S
Solo
1997
Trade routes, 2nd Johannesburg Biennale
The Electric Workshop, Johannesburg, South Africa
Group
1997
1990's Art from Cuba, a national residency and exhibition program Betty Rymer Gallery
The School of the Art Institute, Chicago
Group
1997
Trabajo por cuenta propia
acultad de Artes y Letras, University of Havana, Havana
Group
1997
New Art from Cuba: Utopic Territories
Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada
Group
1997
Las mieles del silencio
Galería Latinoamericana, Casa de las Américas, Havana
Group
1997
El ocultamiento de las almas
Centro de Desarrollo de las Artes Visuales, Havana
Group
1996
Cabeza abajo
Espacio Aglutinador, Havana
Solo
1996
Lágrimas de tránsito
Centro de Arte Contemporáneo Wifredo Lam, Havana
Solo
1996
23rd São Paulo International Biennial
Parque do Ibirapuera, São Paulo, Brazil
Group
1996
La carne
Espacio Aglutinador, Havana
Group
1996
I Salón Internacional de Estandartes
Centro Cultural Tijuana, Tijuana, México
Group
1996
Otras Escri(p)turas
Centro Provincial de Artes Plásticas y Diseño, Havana
Group
1996
Un giro de tuerca
Galería Taller de Serigrafía René Portocarrero, Havana
Group
1996
Mujeres por mujeres
Galería Imago, Gran Teatro de la Habana, Havana
Group
1995
Lo que me corresponde
Artist's home, Havana
Solo
1995
Soñando, with Fernando Rodriguez
Gasworks Studios Gallery, London, England
Solo
1995
1st Contemporary Art Competition
Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Havana
Group
1995
II Bienal del Barro
Centro de Arte Contemporáneo Lía Bermudez, Maracaibo, Venezuela
Group
1995
La Isla Possible
Centro di Cultura Contemporania, Barcelona, Spain
Group
1995
New Art from Cuba
Whitechapel Art Gallery, London, England
Group
1995
Las formas de la tierra
Galería Buades, Madrid
Group
1994
La otra orilla, V Havana Biennial
Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro, Centro Wifredo Lam, Havana
Group
1994
Una brecha entre el cielo y la tierra
Centro Provincial de Artes Plásticas y Diseño, Havana
Group
1994
Utopía
Galería Espada, Casa del Joven Creador, Havana
Group
1994
Catálogo
Galería Catálogo, Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba, Havana
Group
1994
Salón de la Ciudad '94
Centro Provincial de Artes Plásticas y Diseño, Havana
Group
1993
Memoria de la postguerra
Galería Plaza Vieja, Havana
Solo
1993
XI International Drawing Biennial
Middlesbrough Fine Arts Museum, Cleveland, England
Group
1993
La nube en pantalones
Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Havana
Group
1993
Dibujo no te olvido
Centro de Desarrollo de las Artes Visuales, Havana
Group
1992

Ana Mendieta. Sala Polivalente
Centro de Desarrollo de las Artes Visuales, Havana
Solo
1992
2nd International Poster Biennial
Museo José Luis Cuevas. Mexico City
Group
1989
II Festival de la Creación y la investigación
Instituto Superior de Arte, Havana
Group
1989
Fotografía manipulada, workshop's exhibition
Fototeca de Cuba, Havana
Group
1988
No por mucho madrugar amanece más temprano
Fototeca de Cuba, Havana
Group
1987
I Festival de la Creación y la investigación
Instituto Superior de Arte, Havana
Group
1986
Marilyn is alive
Galeria Leopoldo Romañach. Academia de San Alejandro, Havana
Solo
1986
Proteo,Galería Leopoldo Romañach
Academia de Artes Plásticas San Alejandro, Havana
Group


Awards



  • 2018: Inga Maren Otto Fellowship. The Watermill Center. Long Island, New York, United States.[48]

  • 2013: Meadows Prize. Meadows School of Art and The Meadows Foundation. Texas, United States.

  • 2012: Honorary Committee. 40 Years of Latino Arts & Culture. El Museo del Barrio. New York, United States.

  • 2012: Derek Williams Trust Purchase Award. Amgueddfa Cymru — National Museum Wales, Contemporary Art Collection. Wales, United Kingdom. 

  • 2012: Artes Mundi Finalist. National Museum of Art. Wales, United Kingdom.

  • 2011: Mid-Career Artist CIFO Grant. Cisneros Fontanals Art Foundation. Florida, United States.

  • 2011: Best Show in a University Gallery in 2010: “Tania Bruguera: On the Political Imaginary.” AICA Awards. New York, United States.

  • 2011: The Bronx Museum of the Art's recognition. The Bronx Museum of the Arts. New York, United States.

  • 2010: Biennial Competition Award. The Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation. New York, United States.

  • 2009: Ordway Prize Finalist. Creative Link for the Arts / The New Museum. New York, United States. 1st Neuberger Prize. Neuberger Museum. New York, United States.

  • 2008: Prince Claus Award. Prince Claus Fund. Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

  • 2007: European Commission for Descentralized Cooperation. European Union.

  • 2005: Fundación Amistad Travel Grant Support. Fundación Amistad. New York, United States.

  • 2002–2004: Cuban Arts Fund Grant. Cuban Arts Fund. New York, United States.

  • 2001: MFA Graduate Fellowship, The School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Illinois, United States.

  • 2001: Odyssey Travel Grant. The School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Chicago. Illinois, Chicago.

  • 2000: Prince Claus Grant. Prince Claus Fund. Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

  • 1999: Merit Scholarship. The School of The Art Institute of Chicago. Illinois, United States.

  • 1998: Fellowship. The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. New York, United States.



References





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  2. ^ abc IUAV, Faculty of Arts & Design


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  9. ^ Rosado-Tuero, Aldo. "Miguel Bruguera del Valle, junto al Che Guevara". nuevoaccion.com. Nuevo Accion. Retrieved 20 November 2016.


  10. ^ University of Chicago, Department of Visual Arts


  11. ^ abcd Dolnick, Sam (May 18, 2011). "An Artist's Performance: A Year as a Poor Immigrant". New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2013.


  12. ^ abcd Bruguera, Tania. "The Burden of Guilt". Tania Bruguera. Retrieved May 17, 2013.


  13. ^ Fusco, Coco (2000). Corpus Delecti: Performance Art of the Americas. London: Routledge. pp. 152–153. ISBN 0415194547.


  14. ^ ab Rubin, Edward. "Art in America Featured Installation by Cuban Artist at Neuberger Museum". Artes Magazine. Archived from the original on August 15, 2011. Retrieved May 17, 2013.


  15. ^ abc Tania, Bruguera. "Tania Bruguera | Displacement". www.taniabruguera.com. Retrieved 2017-09-22.


  16. ^ ab "Catedra Arte de Conducta (Behavior Art School)". Tania Bruguera. Retrieved 21 September 2017.


  17. ^ ab Reuters, Cuba accuses blogger of "provocation".


  18. ^ The Miami Herald, Artist's work lets Cubans speak out in Havana for freedom


  19. ^ La Repubblica, Cuba, blogger sul palco per un grido di libertà.


  20. ^ La Jiribilla:, Declaración del Comité Organizador de la Décima Bienal de La Habana.


  21. ^ abc "Tania Bruguera: Immigrant Movement International". Tate Modern. Retrieved May 17, 2013.


  22. ^ "Museum of Arte Útil".


  23. ^ "Asociación de Arte Útil".


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  38. ^ "Libertad a Tania Bruguera / Free Tania Bruguera". Google Docs. Retrieved 2016-03-05.


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  42. ^ Jones, Jonathan (17 October 2016). "Why we should back Tania Bruguera's presidential bid for a free Cuba". the Guardian. Retrieved 21 February 2018.


  43. ^ Basciano, Oliver (December 6, 2018). "Cuban artists fear crackdown after Tania Bruguera arrest". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077.


  44. ^ Pes, Javier (December 5, 2018). "Fears Grow for Tania Bruguera After Cuban Authorities Detain the Activist-Artist". Artnet News. Retrieved December 6, 2018.


  45. ^ "Released From Jail, Artist Tania Bruguera Vows to Remain in Cuba to Continue Her Fight Against a New Censorship Law". artnet News. 2018-12-10. Retrieved 2019-03-16.


  46. ^ "Tania Bruguera and fellow artists released from Cuban jail". theartnewspaper.com. Retrieved 2019-03-16.


  47. ^ "Freshly Out of Jail, Artist Tania Bruguera Files a Defamation Lawsuit Against Cuba". artnet News. 2018-12-18. Retrieved 2019-03-16.


  48. ^ "Tania Bruguera - The Watermill Center". www.watermillcenter.org. Retrieved 21 February 2018.




External links



  • Art21 episode featuring Tania Bruguera https://art21.org/artist/tania-bruguera/

  • Dignity Does Not Rest: An Interview with Tania Bruguera, MoMA Magazine

  • Tania Bruguera, Untitled (Havana 2000) at The Museum of Modern Art

  • Hear Bruguera speak about her work Untitled (Havana 2000)

  • Official webpage of the artist

  • Interview with Paul O'neil in Bomb Magazine

  • Tania Bruguera: the more the secret police torture me, the better my art gets, The Guardian

  • Tania Bruguera: Yale World Follows

  • Tania Bruguera: Rebel with a Cause








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