Sculpture (mollusc)

Multi tool use

The shell of the sea snail
Epitonium scalare has a sculpture of sharp vertical ribs known as "costae"

The shell of the freshwater snail
Bulinus forskalii has strong transverse ribs which form an angle at the shoulder
Sculpture is a feature of many of the shells of mollusks. It is three-dimensional ornamentation on the outer surface of the shell, as distinct from either the basic shape of the shell itself or the pattern of colouration, if any. Sculpture is a feature found in the shells of gastropods, bivalves, and scaphopods. The word "sculpture" is also applied to surface features of the aptychus of ammonites, and to the outer surface of some calcareous opercula of marine gastropods such as some species in the family Trochidae.
Sculpture can be concave or convex, incised into the surface or raised from it. Sometimes the sculpture has microscopic detailing. The term "sculpture" refers only to the calcareous outer layer of shell, and does not include the proteinaceous periostracum, which is in some cases textured even when the underlying shell surface is smooth.
In many taxa, there is no sculpture on the shell surface at all, apart from the presence of fine growth lines.
List of terms
Axial sculpture - Sculpture running parallel to the axis of coiling, an imaginary line through the apex of a shell about which the whorls are coiled.
Bead - A small hemispherical protuberance resembling a bead, similar to but smaller than a nodule.
Beaded - resembling rows or strings of beads.
Growth line - A fine transverse line marking the growth of the shell.
Lira, lirate - ornamented with fine thread-like lines or grooves.
Longitudinal sculpture - Sculpture following the direction of the axis of the shell.
Nodule - A rounded protuberance on the shell sculpture; larger than a bead.
Nodose, Nodulose, Nodular - Bearing small rounded protuberances or tubercules.
Ornament - Can refer to surface sculpture standing out in relief on shell surface; or simply to sculpture as a whole.
Plait - Folds on the columella.
Pustule - A very fine knob-like protrusion, smaller than a tubercule.
Reticulate - Sculpture consisting of a criss-crossing network of riblets, threads, or grooves.
Rib - A strong ridge on the surface of the shell.
Riblet - Smaller than a rib, but coarser than a thread.
Spiral sculpture - Sculpture following the spiral growth of the shell.
Stria (plural striae) - A shallow incised groove.
Striate - Ornamented with striae.
Thread - A very fine riblet.
Transverse sculpture - Sculpture parallel to the edge of the outer lip of the aperture.
Tubercle - Elevated knob-like projections or protrusions; larger than a pustule.
Varicose - Bearing one or more varices.
References
Bivalve anatomy
|
Shell |
- Callus
- Hinge line
- Hinge teeth
- Ligament
- Lira
- Lunule
- Nacre
- Pallial line
- Pallial sinus
- Periostracum
- Prodissoconch
- Resilifer
- Resilium
- Sculpture
- Umbo
- Valve
- Beak
- Annuli
|
Other hard parts |
|
Soft parts |
- Adductor muscles
- Ctenidium
- Gastric shield
- Mantle
- Nephridium
- Siphon
|
Other |
- Abductin
- Glochidium
- Pseudofeces
- Trochophore
- Veliger
|
Cephalopod anatomy
|
Shell |
Shell types |
- External shells: Ammonoid shell
- Argonautid eggcase
Nautiloid shell
- Internal shells: Belemnoid guard
- Cirrate shell
- Cuttlebone
- Gladius (pen)
- Spirula shell
- Stylet
|
External features |
- Aperture
- Apex
- Callus
- Lirae
- Periostracum
- Sculpture
- Spire
- Sutures
- Umbilicus
|
Internal features |
- Body chamber
- Camerae
- Nacre
- Phragmocone
- Septa
- Siphuncle
- Whorls
|
|
|
Mantle and funnel
|
External anatomy |
- Dermal structures
- Fins (wings)
- Flotation devices ("secondary fins")
- Funnel–mantle locking apparatus
- Tail
|
Internal anatomy |
- Branchial hearts
- Ctenidia (gills)
- Hepatopancreas (digestive gland)
Ink sac and ink
- Needham's sac
- Nephridia ("kidneys")
- Nidamental glands
- Osphradium
- Pericardial glands
|
|
Head and limbs
|
Brachial crown |
Arms
Tentacles
- Suckers and hooks
|
Buccal region |
- Aptychus
- Beak
- Odontophore
- Radula
- Spadix and antispadix
|
Occipital region |
- Nuchal crest (occipital crest)
- Nuchal folds (occipital folds)
- Occipital membrane
- Olfactory organ
- Nuchal organ
|
Other parts |
|
|
General |
- Chromatophores
- Photophores
- Nervous system
- Squid giant axon
- Squid giant synapse
|
Developmental stages: Spawn → Paralarva (Doratopsis stage) → Juvenile → Subadult → Adult • Egg fossils • Protoconch (embryonic shell)
|
Gastropod anatomy
|
Shell |
- Aperture
- Apex
- Body whorl
- Callus
- Columella
- Lip
- Lira
- Nacre
- Periostracum
- Peristome
- Planispiral
- Plait
- Protoconch
- Sculpture
- Selenizone
- Siphonal canal
- Siphonal notch
- Spire
- Stromboid notch
- Suture
- Umbilicus
- Valve
- Varix
- Whorl
|
Other hard parts |
- Clausilium
- Love dart
- Operculum
- Pearl
- Radula
|
External soft parts |
- Caryophyllidia
- Caudal mucous pit
- Cerata
- Cnidosac
- Mantle
- Mentum
- Notum
- Parapodium
- Pneumostome
- Rhinophore
- Semper's organ
- Siphon
- Suprapedal gland
|
Internal soft parts |
- Circulatory system of gastropods
- Crop
- Ctenidium
- Digestive system of gastropods
- Diverticula
- Excretory system of gastropods
- Gastric shield
- Hancock's organ
- Hepatopancreas
- Hypobranchial gland
- Nephridium
- Nervous system of gastropods
- Nidamental gland
- Odontophore
- Oesophageal pouch
- Osphradium
- Reproductive system of gastropods
- Respiratory system of gastropods
- Sensory organs of gastropods
|
Other |
- Epiphragm
- Pseudofeces
- Torsion
- Circumesophageal nerve ring
- Trochophore
- Tyrian purple
- Veliger
|
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